• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Polymeric positive temperature coefficient(PTC) composites have been prepared by incorporating carbon black(CB) into high density polyethylene(HDPE), polyphenylene sulfide(PPS) and polybutylene terephthalate(PBT) matrices. A PTC effect was observed in the composite, caused by the large thermal expansion due to He consecutive melting of HDPE, PPS and PBT crystallites. This theory is based upon the premise that the PTC phenomenon is due to a critical separation distance between carbon particles in the polymer matrix at the higher temperature. The influence of PTC characteristics of the PPS/CB composite can be explained by DSC result. HDPE, one of prepared composition, exhibit the higher performance PTC behavior that decreaseing of negative temperature coefficient(NTC) effect and improved reproducibility by chemically crosslinking. Also, PBT/CB and PPS/CB composites exhibit the higher PTC peack temperature than HDPE/CB PTC composite, individually $200^{\circ}C$ and $230^{\circ}C$. These PTC composite put to good use in a number of safety application, such as self$.$controlled heater, over-current protectors, auto resettable switch, high temperature proctection sensor, etc.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.228-229
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• 2009

$VO_2$ thermistor was fabricated on $Al_2O_3$ substrate. and has a CTR (Critical Temperature Resistor) characteristic. $VO_2$ thermistor has a about $10^6$ resistance($\Omega$) in normal temperature. But When temperature is a about $80^{\circ}C$, Resistance of $VO_2$ thermistor is a about some hundred resistance: The resistance of $VO_2$ thermistor increased with increasing length and decreasing width.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

Most domestic fossil power plants have exceeded 100,000 hours of operation with the severe operating condition. Among the critical components of fossil power plant, high temperature steam pipe systems have had a many problems and damage from unstable displacement behavior because of frequent start up and shut down. In order to prevent the serious damage and failure of the critical pipe system in fossil power plants, 3-dimensional displacement measurement system was developed for the on-line monitoring. Displacement measurement system was developed with a use of a LVDT type sensor and two rotary encoder type sensors. This system was installed and operated on the real power plant successfully.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2011

건설 기술 발전과 국토의 효율적인 활용으로 인하여 건설되고 있는 터널은 지하 공간과 같은 폐쇄 공간의 특성으로 화재 시발생하는 연기와 열은 인명 및 물적 피해에 영향을 주는 매우 큰 위험요소이다. 본 연구에서는 광케이블을 이용하여 온도 변화를 측정하는 화재 감지 시스템을 설치하여 감지기가 동작한 온도 변화 값 및 시간과 실 화재 실험과 동일한 조건으로 화재 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 온도센서의 온도 변화 값 및 시간을 비교, 분석하였다. 실험 결과 화재실험과 화재 시뮬레이션의 온도변화는 점화 후 1분 이내에 화재를 감지하여 신호를 경보하는 것으로 나타났으며, 화재 감지기와 시뮬레이션 온도 센서의 온도변화 특성은 터널 내부의 기류 속도와 밀접한 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 터널 화재는 연기의 방향에 의해 피난과 소방대 진입에 영향을 미치므로 화재 지점과 화재 방향을 파악할 수 있어야 한다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2014

Precision injection mold is an essential element in order to manufacture small and precision plastic lenses used for phone camera. There are many critical factors to meet the requested specifications of high quality plastic lenses. One of the main issues to realize high quality is minimizing decenter value, which becomes more critical as pixel numbers increases. This study suggests the method to minimize decenter value by modifying ejecting structure of the mold. Decenter value of injection-molded lens decreased to 1 ${\mu}m$ level from 5 ${\mu}m$ by applying suggested ejecting method. Also, we also developed BIS (Built-in Sensor) based smart mold system, which has pressure and temperature sensors inside of the mold. Pressure and temperature profiles from cavities are obtained and can be used for deduction of optimal injection molding condition, filling imbalance evaluation, status monitoring of injection molding and prediction of lens quality.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.415-426
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• 2013

Condition assessment and monitoring of bridges is critical for safe passenger travel, public transportation, and efficient freight. In monitoring, displacement measurement capability is important to keep track of performance of bridge, in part or as whole. One of the most important parts of a bridge is the expansion joint, which accommodates continuous cyclic thermal expansion of the whole bridge. Though expansion joint is critical for bridge performance, its inspection and monitoring has not been considered significantly because the monitoring requires long-term data using cost intensive equipment. Recently, a wireless smart sensor network (WSSN) has drawn significant attention for transportation infrastructure monitoring because of its merits in low cost, easy installation, and versatile on-board computation capability. In this paper, a rapid wireless displacement monitoring system, wireless hybrid sensor (WHS), has been developed to monitor displacement of expansion joints of bridges. The WHS has been calibrated for both static and dynamic displacement measurement in laboratory environment, and deployed on an in-service highway bridge to demonstrate rapid expansion joint monitoring. The test-bed is a continuous steel girder bridge, the Founders Bridge, in East Hartford, Connecticut. Using the WHS system, the static and dynamic displacement of the expansion joint has been measured. The short-term displacement trend in terms of temperature is calculated. With the WHS system, approximately 6% of the time has been spent for installation, and 94% of time for the measurement showing strong potential of the developed system for rapid displacement monitoring.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호통권54호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

교량 지지용으로 사용되는 강재 케이블에 대한 장력측정은 교량 안전관리의 중요한 측정항목이다. 현재 케이블에 걸린 장력을 진동법과 로드셀로 측정하고 있으며, 최근에는 선진국에서 자기적 방식에 의한 장력측정 방법을 연구하여 이에 대해 여러 가지 결과물을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 아직 우리나라에서는 이에 대한 체계적인 연구가 수행되지 않고 있어 자기적 방식에 의한 장력측정 연구를 시작하였으며 장력측정 정밀도 향상을 위해 연구하고 있다. 자기적 방식의 장력측정에서 강재 케이블 내의 온도와 자기장에 대한 영향을 검토해야 한다. 금번 논문에서는 온도에 따라 장력센서의 출력특성을 시험하였고 주어진 자기장에서 온도보정계수를 도출하였으며 시험실 내의 장력측정 시스템에 보정계수를 적용하여 케이블 장력에 따른 장력센서의 출력특성에 대한 시험 결과를 분석하고 평가하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.359-371
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• 2022

Bridges are critical to the civil engineering infrastructure network as they facilitate movement of people, the transportation of goods and services. Given the aging of bridge infrastructure, federal officials mandate visual inspections biennially to identify necessary repair actions which are time, cost, and labor-intensive. Additionally, the expansion joints of bridges are rarely monitored due to cost. However, expansion joints are critical as they absorb movement from thermal effects, loadings strains, impact, abutment settlement, and vehicle motion movement. Thus, the need to monitor bridge expansion joints efficiently, at a low cost, and wirelessly is desired. This paper addresses bridge joint monitoring needs to develop a cost-effective, real-time wireless system that can be validated in a full-scale bridge structure. To this end, a wireless expansion joint monitoring was developed using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) sensors. An in-service bridge was selected as a testbed to validate the performance of the developed system compared with traditional displacement sensor, LVDT, temperature and humidity sensors. The short-term monitoring campaign with the wireless sensor system with the internet protocol version 6 over the time slotted channel hopping mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) network showed reliable results, providing high potential of the developed system for effective joint monitoring at a low cost.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2013

This study investigated the interface temperatures for the sliding friction of three types of pins fabricated with thermocouple wires by the suction casting method. Optical microscopy was used to examine the surrounding material state at the bonding interface with the thermocouple wires. Friction tests were performed under dry sliding conditions against stainless steel 304 at nominal stresses of 1.42-4.25 MPa and sliding speeds of 0.5-1.25 m/s. Tribological data were collected using a custom-made pin-on-disk apparatus that measured the interface temperature and corresponding friction coefficient. Static tests were performed to demonstrate the functionality and reliability of the thermocouple wires-combined temperature sensor (TCTS). Each TCTS showed good linearity and sensitivity and very similar response times for the thermocouple and critical temperature during sliding friction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2010

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the science and technology of monitoring and assessing the condition of aerospace, civil and mechanical infrastructures using a sensing system integrated into the structure. Impedance-based SHM measures impedance of a structure using a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) patch. This paper presents a low-power wireless autonomous and active SHM node called Autonomous SHM Sensor 2 (ASN-2), which is based on the impedance method. In this study, we incorporated three methods to save power. First, entire data processing is performed on-board, which minimizes radio transmission time. Considering that the radio of a wireless sensor node consumes the highest power among all modules, reduction of the transmission time saves substantial power. Second, a rectangular pulse train is used to excite a PZT patch instead of a sinusoidal wave. This eliminates a digital-to-analog converter and reduces the memory space. Third, ASN-2 senses the phase of the response signal instead of the magnitude. Sensing the phase of the signal eliminates an analog-to-digital converter and Fast Fourier Transform operation, which not only saves power, but also enables us to use a low-end low-power processor. Our SHM sensor node ASN-2 is implemented using a TI MSP430 microcontroller evaluation board. A cluster of ASN-2 nodes forms a wireless network. Each node wakes up at a predetermined interval, such as once in four hours, performs an SHM operation, reports the result to the central node wirelessly, and returns to sleep. The power consumption of our ASN-2 is 0.15 mW during the inactive mode and 18 mW during the active mode. Each SHM operation takes about 13 seconds to consume 236 mJ. When our ASN-2 operates once in every four hours, it is estimated to run for about 2.5 years with two AAA-size batteries ignoring the internal battery leakage.