• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1386-1395
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• 2020

High fidelity nuclear reactor fuel assembly simulation using CFD method is an effective way for the structure design and optimization. The validated models and user practice guidelines play critical roles in achieving reliable results in CFD simulations. In this paper, the international benchmark MATiS-H is studied carefully and the best user practice guideline is achieved for the rod bundles simulation. Then a 5 × 5 rod bundles model in the advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR) is established and the detailed three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic characteristics are investigated. The influence of spacer grids and mixing vanes on the flow and hear transfer in rod bundles is revealed. As the coolant flows through the spacer grids and mixing vanes in the rod bundles, the drastic lateral flow would be induced and the pressure drop increases significantly. In addition, the heat transfer is enhanced remarkably due to the strong mixing effects. The calculation results could provide meaningful guidelines for the design of advanced PWR fuel assembly.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2000

Hypertension is a well-known degenerative disease whose prevalence rate increases with age. Management of high blood pressure is a critical concern in preventive strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary characteristics of hypertensive program participants, and to establish strategies based on their nutritional needs. Hypertensive patients were enrolled in the program in a public health center or in a local elderly center, at Suwon, in 1999-2000. Trained dietitians interviewed 62 enrollees(24-hour recall) and related variables. Mean body mass index of the subjects was 25.0kg/m². 30.7% of the subjects had a family history of hypertension. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldom ate dairy products or food prepared with oil. Male enrollees frequently consumed more processed food and animal fat than did female enrollees(p<0.05). An analysis of the percentage of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances of Korea 1995) showed that but for ascorbic acid, enrollees consumed nutrients below the RDA. The food group intake pattern was not diverse, thus only 8.1% of enrollees consumed all food groups in a day. An analysis of eating attitude showed that 64.5% of enrollees always added salt to beef soup. Male enrollees showed low food-related self-efficacy compared to female enrollees, especially with reference to reduction of instant food intake(p<0.01), increase in vegetable intake(p<0.01), reduction of monosodium glutamate(MSG) intake(p<0.01). and not overeating(p<0.05). Their perceived barriers for participating in hypertension nutrition programs included lack of time, program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education programs for community hypertensive patients should focus on increasing participant consumption of foods, expecially dairy products, and desirable eating attitudes. It also suggests that the program should consider should consider encouraging self-efficacy in changing eating behavior.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 합성가스-공기 화염의 셀 불안정성에 있어서 탄화수소 연료의 첨가효과를 알아보기 위하여 상온, 고압, 정적상태의 연소실에서 실험을 수행하였다. 층류화염전파속도는 상세반응기구와 전달물성치를 사용하여 계산하였고 이를 실험으로 측정된 값과 비교하였다. 탄화수소 연료가 첨가된 합성가스-공기 화염의 셀 불안정성은 수력학적 불안정성과 확산-열 불안정성의 관점에서 평가되며 희박예혼합 화염에 대해 실험으로부터 측정된 셀불안정성을 유발하는 임계 Peclet 수는 이론적으로 얻어진 값과 비교하였다. 실험결과는 반응혼합물에 탄화수소 계 연료의 첨가량이 증가할수록 화염전파속도는 감소함을 보였다. 합성가스-공기화염에 프로판과 부탄을 첨가하였을 경우 수력학적 불안정성과 확산-열 불안정성이 감소하여 셀 형성은 현저하게 감소하였다. 반면 메탄을 첨가하였을 경우 셀 불안정성이 완화되는 효과는 없었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2004

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.12-25
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• 2017

국내 석회석광산은 주로 자연통기에 의존하고 있으나 자본 및 운전비용이 과다하게 소요되는 광산 전체통기방법보다 풍관과 선풍기를 이용한 국부통기방법이 바람직한 방법으로 평가된다. 국내 대단면 장대 광산갱도에 풍관이 접속된 국부선풍기를 직렬로 연결 설치하는 경우에 통기시스템의 경제성과 효율의 최적화가 반드시 요구된다. 최적화를 위한 가장 중요한 두가지의 설계변수는 벽면 이격거리와 풍관 간의 이격거리이다. 본 연구에서는 경제적 및 환경적으로 최적화된, 즉 풍관간의 이격 공간을 통한 압력손실, 누기 그리고 오염된 공기의 재유입을 최소화할 수 있는 두 설계변수 값을 도출하기 위하여 광범위한 CFD분석을 시행하였다. 기존 연구결과와 권고기준들을 고려하여 이들 변수의 연구대상 범위를 선정하였다. 본 연구의 궁극적 목표는 국내 장대 광산갱도내 설치되는 풍관 접속 선풍기의 직렬연결 국부통기시스템의 최적화를 통하여 깨끗하고 안전한 작업장 환경을 제공하기 위함이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2007

Purpose: The management of hemorrhagic shock is critical for trauma patients. To assess hemorrhagic shock, the clinician commonly uses a change in positional blood pressure, the shock index, an estimate of the diameter of inferior vena cava based on sonography, and an evaluation of hypoperfusion complex shown on a CT scan. To add the finding for the hypoperfusion complex, the 'halo sign' was introduced recently. To our knowledge, this 'halo sign' has not been evaluated for its clinical usefulness, so we designed this study to evaluate its usefulness and to find the useful CT signs for hypoperfusion complex. Methods: The study was done from January 2007 to May 2007. All medical records and CT images of 124 patients with trauma were reviewed, of which 103 patients were included. Exclusion criteria was as follows: 1) age < 15 year old and 2) head trauma score of AIS ${\geq}$ 5. Results: The value of kappa, to assess the inter-observer agreement, was 0.51 (p < 0.001). The variables of the halo-sign-positive group were statistically different from those of the halo-sign-negative group. The rate of transfusion for the halo-sign-positive group was about 10 times higher than that of the halo-sign-negative group and the rate of mortality was about 6 times higher. Conclusion: In the setting of trauma, early abdominal CT can show diffuse abnormalities due to hypoperfusion complex. Recognition of these signs is important in order to prevent an unwanted outcome in hemorrhagic shock. We conclude that the halo sign is a useful one for hypoperfusion complex and that it is useful for assessing the degree of hemorrhagic shock.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2013

This study aimed to compare the dynamics of air temperature and velocity under two different ventilation and housing systems during summer and winter in Korea. The $NH_3$ concentration of both housing systems was also investigated in relation to the pig's growth. The ventilation systems used were; negative pressure type for the enclosed pig house (EPH) and natural airflow for the conventional pig house (CPH). Against a highly fluctuating outdoor temperature, the EPH was able to maintain a stable temperature at 24.8 to $29.1^{\circ}C$ during summer and 17.9 to $23.1^{\circ}C$ during winter whilst the CPH had a wider temperature variance during summer at 24.7 to $32.3^{\circ}C$. However, the temperature fluctuation of the CPH during winter was almost the same with that of EPH at 14.5 to $18.2^{\circ}C$. The NH3 levels in the CPH ranged from 9.31 to 16.9 mg/L during summer and 5.1 to 19.7 mg/L during winter whilst that of the EPH pig house was 7.9 to 16.1 mg/L and 3.7 to 9.6 mg/L during summer and winter, respectively. These values were less than the critical ammonia level for pigs with the EPH maintaining a lower level than the CPH in both winter and summer. The air velocity at pig nose level in the EPH during summer was 0.23 m/s, enough to provide comfort because of the unique design of the inlet feature. However, no air movement was observed in almost all the lower portions of the CPH during winter because of the absence of an inlet feature. There was a significant improvement in weight gain and feed intake of pigs reared in the EPH compared to the CPH (p<0.05). These findings proved that despite the difference in the housing systems, a stable indoor temperature was necessary to minimize the impact of an avoidable and highly fluctuating outdoor temperature. The EPH consistently maintained an effective indoor airspeed irrespective of season; however the CPH had defective and stagnant air at pig nose level during winter. Characteristics of airflow direction and pattern were consistent relative to housing system during both summer and winter but not of airspeed. The ideal air velocity measurement favored the EPH and therefore can be appropriate for the Korean environment. Further emphasis on its cost effectiveness will be the subject of future investigations.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2014

최근 자원과 에너지를 절약하고 효과적으로 사용하여 환경 훼손을 줄이고 청정에너지를 이용할 수 있는 기술의 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이와 관련 하여, 친환경적이고 경제적이며 독성이 거의 없는 초임계 유체가 물질의 합성과 프로세스에 많이 응용되고 있다. 이산화탄소는 낮은 임계온도와 압력, 가격 경쟁력 그리고 무독성 등의 장점을 가짐으로써 초임계 공정에 많이 사용되고 있는 용매중에 하나이다. 그러나 분자량이 높은 고분자들에게는 낮은 용해력이 단점으로 있어서 사용에 제한적이다. 따라서, 분자량이 높은 고분자를 용해하기 위해선 하이드로카본 계열의 용매를 사용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 초임계 유체를 이용하여 Poly (methyl methacrylate)/클레이 나노 복합체 제조에 관한 연구를 진행 하였다. 또한, 초임계 유체 내에서 분산성을 극대화 할 수 있도록 $Na^+$-MMT 클레이 표면을 플로린 계열의 surfactant로 개질 시키어 복합체 제조에 응용 하였다. 개질된 클레이를 이용하여 제조 된 복합체는 neat Poly (methyl methacrylate)보다 향상된 기계적, 열적 특성을 보였으며, 제조 된 복합체는 X-ray 회절 방법, 열적 안정성 그리고 TEM 으로 나노 클레이의 분산성을 분석 하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.149-166
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• 2004

한강 하구의 염분 및 생태 환경에 관한 연구를 위하여 기존에 발표된 논문과 국립수산과학원의 국가해양환경측정망 자료를 이용하여 한강 하구의 염분 분포 특성을 구명하였으며, 염분과 연관하여 동식물플랑크톤, 저서생물 및 어류플랑크톤의 분포를 논의하였다. 염분의 시공간적 분포를 고려할 때 인천북항 주변 해역은 계절에 무관하게 연중 한강 유입수의 직접적인 영향을 받고 있으며, 담수 유입량이 많은 하계에는 팔미도 해역까지 담수 영향권이 확대되었다. 반면 해수의 직접적인 영향을 받는 상한선은 한강 본류인 경기도 김포시 고촌면 신곡리의 신곡수중보에 이르며, 해침이 상시적으로 발생하는 수역은 이보다 더 하류인 경기도 김포시 하성면 전류리로 판단된다. 동식물플랑크톤의 분포는 담수 및 해수 지역에서 혼재되어 분포하며, 일반적으로 염분의 분포 범위보다 훨씬 광범위한 분포를 보였다. 그러나 기수성 어류플랑크톤은 매우 제한된 수역에 분포하는 반면, 성어는 그 분포범위가 담수에서 해수에 이르는 광범위한 분포를 보였다. 경험적 분석에 의한 한강하구 환경의 문제점은 1)한강 하구 및 유수지역의 개발 압력에 따른 환경 파괴, 2)갯벌 매립에 의한 조간대 상실, 3)군사용 철책에 의한 육수전이환경(陸水轉移環境)의 생태적 단절이 매우 심각하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 월류에 의한 붕괴 메커니즘의 규명을 위해 모형제방(제방고 0.4~0.8m)과 실물제방(제방고 1.0m)을 대상으로 월류 붕괴실험을 수행하였다. 월류에 의한 제방붕괴는 1단계에서는 월류에 의해 비탈표면에서 세굴이 발생되었으며, 월류의 유속은 완만히 증가되었다. 2단계에서는 붕괴단면이 커지고 유속도 급격히 증가되었다. 3단계에서는 월류에 의해 제방 단면이 완전히 붕괴되고 붕괴면적이 넓어져 유속이 상대적으로 감소되었다. 월류에 의한 제방의 붕괴각(${\theta}$)은 큰 자중, 감소된 전단저항력 및 월류의 흐름에 의한 추가 소류력으로 인해 랭킨토압의 사면붕괴각보다 크게 나타났다. 제방고(H)가 증가될수록 월류에 의한 제방의 월류 유속(${\upsilon}$)이 증가되었으며, 이로 인해 소류력이 추가로 작용되어 제방의 붕괴각(${\theta}$)과 붕괴면적(A)이 함께 증가되었다. 모형실험과 실물실험에 사용된 모래 시료가 동일한 입경크기로 한계세굴유속이 같아 월류 유속변화에 의해 세굴 특성이 지배되는 것으로 나타났다.