• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.288-299
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to identify the current issues and challenges of the nursing education program in Cambodia and to suggest recommendations to improve it. Methods: The World Health Organization Global Standards for the Initial Education of Nurses and Midwives were used as the analytic framework. Data were collected through a critical, constructive analysis of the literature, as well as observation with stakeholders in the area. Results: Cambodia experienced a shortage of nurses based on the demands of nurses. Moreover, the lack of institutional capacity, out dated and rudimentary nursing curriculum, under qualified nursing faculty, overcrowded classrooms, and lack of fundamental education materials and equipment for nursing education hampered the maintenance and improvement of the quality of pre-service nursing education in Cambodia. Conclusion: Strengthening the nursing educational resources and infrastructures, along with proper retention and enhancement of the faculty's capacity, clinical mentorship, and sustainable management of the nursing curriculum were recommended. Integrating the nursing theory and process into clinical practice and using strategic partnerships, would improve the quality and quantity of nursing education in Cambodia. There needs to be a synergistic relationship between nursing education and training relevant to the nursing care to meet the needs of the Cambodian population.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.938-943
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• 2007

In this paper, we show that, in case of piezoelectric micropower generator, just replacing Schottky diodes in the bridge rectifier with ultra-low reverse leakage current diodes improves the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency by more than 100%. Experimental and PSPICE simulation results show that, due to the ultra-low leakage current, the charging speed of the circuit employing PAD1 is higher than that of the circuit employing Schottky diodes and the saturation voltage of the circuit employing PAD1 is also higher. This study suggests that , when the internal impedance of source is very large (a few tens of $M{\Omega}$) such that maximum charging current is a few microamperes or less, in order to realize literally the energy scavenging system, ultra-low reverse leakage current diodes should be used for efficient energy conversion. Since low-level vibration is ubiquitous in the environment ranging from human movement to large infrastructures and the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency is much more critical for use of these vibrations, we believe that the improvement in the efficiency using ultra-low leakage diodes, as found in this work, will widen greatly the application of piezoelectric micropower generator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.3-16
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• 2006

In the age where the Internet changes everything, even the earth has become flat. The boarders between nations, locations, times, and industries are not maningful, and no single company can do the whole process well. Therefore, various types of 'Value network' and 'Relation web' emerge for moving first and fast learning. Bort the relationship maturity model (RMM) proposed and the partnership management initiatives at SKT demonstrate that the concept is important, and that the final goal can be reached only through a series of critical outcome at each phase. In particular, recognizing as core infrastructures various online/offline channels, deep trust, and rich communications is an important finding for a successful relationship management. Also, related literatures suggest the following key factors to be influential in more that two phases: professionalism including expertise, similarity, channel capacity. Based on these findings, future efforts need to be put on the research & development of related measurement and management tools. We do hope more people dance with their partners through these efforts.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2018

Schools are one of the critical social infrastructures in a society, the first place for social activity and the most important indoor environment for children besides the home. Poor IAQ in classrooms can increase the chance of long-term and short-term health problems for students and staffs; affects productivity of teachers; and degrade the student learning environment and comfort levels. The primary objective of this paper is to review and summarize available scientific evidence on indoor air quality of schools and related health effects in children. It was found that the indoor air pollutant levels in school buildings varied over a wide range in different parts of the world depending on site characteristics, climatic conditions, outdoor pollution levels, occupant activities, ventilation type and building practices. Among the indoor air pollutants, particulate matter concentrations were found to be very high in many schools. Outdoor pollutant sources also play a major role in affecting the IAQ of the school building. Hence, scientific knowledge on sources of indoor pollutants, quantification of emissions, temporal and spatial dispersion of pollutants, toxicological properties, chemical and morphological characteristics of the pollutants and associated health risk among children in the school buildings are essential to evaluate the adequacy and cost effectiveness of control strategies for mitigating the IAQ issues.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.635-647
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• 2018

In order to improve the efficiency of the Reinforced Concrete, RC, structures against progressive collapse, this paper proposes a procedure using alternate path and specific local resistance method to resist progressive collapse in intermediate RC frame structures. Cap truss consists of multiple trusses above a suddenly removed structural element to restrain excessive collapse and provide an alternate path. Steel strut is used as a brace to resist compressive axial forces. It is similar to knee braces in the geometry, responsible for enhancing ductility and preventing shear force localization around the column. In this paper, column removals in the critical position at the first story of two 5 and 10-story regular buildings strengthened using steel strut or cap truss are studied. Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis results, steel strut can only decrease vertical displacement due to sudden removal of the column at the first story about 23%. Cap truss can reduce the average vertical displacement and column axial force transferred to adjacent columns for the studied buildings about 56% and 61%, respectively due to sudden removal of the column. In other words, using cap truss, the axial force in the removed column transfers through an alternate path to adjacent columns to prevent local or general failure or to delay the progressive collapse occurrence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.45-67
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• 2000

Broadband access technologies plays an important role in the national information infrastructure. In the evolution path of the information infrastructure, the relative economics of alternative access technology is the most critical determining factor. In this paper, we discuss the economics of local loop access technologies of existing technologies, such as, ADSL, HFC, and new PLC. To do this, we suggest appropriate configuration of access network system and its associated numerical equations. To modelize access network system and drive the numerical equations, we consider the DS (Double Star) and the T&B (Tree ＆ Brench) architecture and analyse the adequate block diagram of each access system for each technology We introduce the density of subscriber as a key variable and the equation of allocating optimal number of cell in a service area. We analyze the relative economics of local loop architecture in two different situations, that is, urban and rural. From the empirical implementation, we found that for the case of urban area, where the cost of cable and infrastructure is not necessary, there is not much difference in the cost per one subscriber. However, for the case of rural region, we found that there is remarkable difference in the cost per one subscriber among technologies. Therefore we conclude that the economics of local loop architecture is depend on the density of subscriber and existing network infrastructures. we hope that this paper contribute to the optimal technology selection of consmer, technology Providers, and government.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4512-4526
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• 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an emerging industry that is broadly used in many fields from industrial and agricultural manufacturing to home automation and hospitality industry. Because of the sheer number of connected devices transmitting valuable data, the IoT infrastructures have become a main target for cyber-criminals. One of the key challenges in protecting IoT devices is the lack of security measures by design. Although there are many hardware and software based security solutions (firewalls, honeypots, IPDS, anti-virus etc.) for information systems, most of these solutions cannot be applied to IoT devices because of the fact that IoT devices have limited computing resources (CPU, RAM,). In this paper, we propose a honeypot system called HoneyThing for modem/router devices (i.e. a kind of IoT device). HoneyThing emulates TR-069 protocol which is prevalent protocol used to remotely manage customer-premises equipment (CPE) devices, e.g. modems, routers. Honeything also serves an embedded web server simulating a few actual, critical vulnerabilities associated with the implementation of TR-069 protocol. To show effectiveness of the HoneyThing in capturing real world attacks, we have deployed it in the Internet. The obtained results are highly promising and facilitate to reveal network attacks targeting to CPE devices.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.329-337
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• 2004

Typhoons Rusa (2002) and Maemi (2003) struck Kangwon and Gyeongnam provinces of Korea and caused the most extensive flood damages ever blown since the foundation of Meteorological Agency in 1927. Many cities are inundated, crippling the critical facilities and resulting In high irreversible losses of human lives, and damages to infrastructures. These kinds of flood damages were among the worst natural disaster that Korean people experienced. In order to reduce flood damage, it is necessary to investigate how to use the information of water environment during the rainfall disaster. Therefore as per the result of this study, we have suggested few but effective countermeasures for controlling the flooding damages and also the advancements in the areas of disaster information dissemination and early warning system for water environmental management by using optical fiber system in Japan are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.11
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• pp.1000-1008
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• 2014

Situation awareness for vehicles and pedestrians is very critical to ensure safety. While on-board sensors or systems can easily detect line-of-sight pedestrians, it is difficult to locate the positions of out-of-sight pedestrians especially with no GPS service. This paper proposes a method for accurate and on-time localization of indoor pedestrians by nearby vehicles. The proposed method is based on mobile ad-hoc networks among vehicles and pedestrians, without relying on infrastructures such as GPS, WiFi AP, and Bluetooth-based systems. Also, this paper develops a genetic algorithm to accurately and promptly locate pedestrians. Finally, simulation results are presented to quantitatively evaluate the proposed method compared to other studies.

• Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Although many years passed since 'The Legislative bill on the support of voluntary activities of enterprises for disaster reduction'(hereinafter referred to as 'enterprise disaster reduction act') has been first enacted in 2007, BCMS is still not activated in our society. In contrast, after 911 Terror, importance of BCM is getting magnified and standardization research & institutionalization i s a lso proceeding i all over world. Lately, Disaster preventing activities is urgently needed like the sinking of 'Sewol ferry'. So the purpose of this paper is proposed for establishment of 'BCMS' and activation of the certificate system for Best-Run Business by analyzing the problem of 'enterprise disaster reduction act' and weak of activation as following. First, propel changing the policy of self-regulated participation to mandatory about the certificate system for Best-Run Business from public entity to government ministry and it is able to activate by propelling demo business of the certificate system for Best-Run Business. Second, public entity that has been given the certificate system for Best-Run Business by affiliating with Disaster Management Assessment of government management can be exempted from Disaster Management Assessment or those entity can arrange for connectivity acquisition method of 'Excellent rate'. Third, to publicize the activation of the law mentioned above, makes public entity r ecognizable by incorporating 'BCMS' into National safety management plan and establishment of National critical infrastructures security plan. Fourth, it should be reviewed to improving the related act regarding to inclusion of public organizations as well as private enterprises.