• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of thesis is to examine the two aspects of realities and fear of criminal victimization in the old. It also intends to provide useful date for criminal victimization prevention strategies and looks for alternatives promoting social welfare of the old in our society. For this, some important theories about criminal victimization and compensating of crime victims are reviewed as theoretical backgrounds. In addition to theoretical reviews, to identify realities of criminal victimization and fear of crime among the old, empirical survey was conducted using questionnaires about 200 respondents of 60 years old in Taegu.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.221-242
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• 2015

Verification for the causality of factors affecting fear of criminal victim which has a bad influence on the senior's quality of life and directions to prevent the crimes against the elderly have been suggested. This study proves the applicability for fear of crime to old people especially based on risk interpretation model consisting of perceived risk of crime, behavioral response and fear of crime. Analysis results are as follows. First, disorder factors as social characteristics showed statistically significant influences on perceived risk of crime, behavioral response and fear of crime. Second, direct experienced crime victimization only affected perceived risk of crime while indirect experienced crime victimization had an effect on perceived risk of crime and fear of crime as well. Third, perceived risk of crime influenced fear of crime. Fourth, perceived risk of crime was concerned with fear of crime. Fifth, behavioral response was affiliated with fear of crime. These results reveal that risk interpretation model can be applied to senior's fear of crime. Moreover, disorder factor as social characteristic and experienced crime victimization as individual characteristic help the elderly perceive the risk of crime, bring behavioral response. Consequently, they play a role of factors affecting fear of crime. It is emphasized that support policy is required for the elderly who had experienced crime and stabilization of community environment if necessary to improve the quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2003

A survey of 220 male and 233 female residents of Seoul was carried out to investigate why women appeared to be more fearful of crime than men. As expected, female respondents reported higher levels of fear of crime and perceived physical vulnerability to crime. Incivility factors in the neighborhood and perceived possibility of criminal victimization were significant predictors of fear of crime for both male and female respondents. For women more psychological variables such as trait anxiety and age were other significant predictors of their fear of crime, whereas the distance to police station and frequency of watching crime-related TV programs were significant predictors for men's fear of crime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.111-115
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• 2008

The government began to move large scale factories in city out to the suburbs because the city we live in is getting over-populated and becoming a highly congested district. However, because of alteration of use The transfed site of factory became to be mixed and used in residence and factory facility. Lately, as criminal technique and personality become cruel and feral, crime occurrence rose on the one of most important thing that decide resident's quality of life. This research tries to find come fear element which resident feel in sub-industry and improvement item for crime prevention. The purpose of this survey is to prevent crime by developing a proper housing environment. The survey was planned to find out factors of resident's awareness of fear about crime through pre-study and analyzed physical surrounding through spot survey. Through these investigation, can make following conclusion. First, The importance of lighting plan throughout the city is necessary to decrease fear of crime. Second, active crime prevention activity is required in park and playgrounds.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

The fear of crime, discussed in the early 1960s in the United States, is a psychological response, such as anxiety or concern about crime, the potential victim of a crime. These anxiety factors lead to the burden of the individual in securing the psychological stability and indirect costs of the crime against the society. Fear of crime is not a good thing, and it is a part that needs to be adjusted so that it cannot be exaggerated and distorted by the policy together with the crime coping and resolution. This is because fear of crime has as much harm as damage caused by criminal act. Eric Pawson has argued that the popular impression of violent crime is not formed because of media reports, but by official statistics. Therefore, the police should watch and analyze news related to fear of crime to reduce the social cost of fear of crime and prepare a preemptive response policy before the people have 'fear of crime'. In this paper, we propose a deep - based news classification system that helps police cope with crimes related to crimes reported in the media efficiently and quickly and precisely. The goal is to establish a system that can quickly identify changes in security issues that are rapidly increasing by categorizing news related to crime among news articles. To construct the system, crime data was learned so that news could be classified according to the type of crime. Deep learning was applied by using Google tensor flow. In the future, it is necessary to continue research on the importance of keyword according to early detection of issues that are rapidly increasing by crime type and the power of the press, and it is also necessary to constantly supplement crime related corpus.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.104-114
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• 2009

The purpose of study was understanding necessity of environment design for underground parking lot in residential design plan and grasping design plans of 'Activity Support' that considerate women, exclude women's unsecured feeling at underground parking lot. The inquiry analyzed 6 design plan in design competition that considerate women according to precede studies, a theory of CPTED, a design guide for wayfinding, and survey. A ramp, circulation, entrance, lighting, ventilation, and space design plan are proceed on this study The result are as below. First, a rectilinear figure ramp suits entrance plan on the circulation, but if it is not possible, cross-using of rectilinear and curvilinear figure ramp plan is desirable. Second, on the circulation plan, vehicles circulation plan and equality parking distribution plan got accomplished generally, and help senses of direction because it is planed network systemize. On a large scale underground parking lot, simplify parking circulation to convenience entrance and exit for weak in sense of direction. Third, the shape and material that‘s environmentally conscious will be in use to the entrance plan. As the first stage to the underground, artwork that women prefer can modulate the rejection of underground space. Forth, natural lighting system and ventilation can make the environment-friendly space, decrease the women’s rejection to the underground, it can also keep a natural watch on the space. Fifth, on the space design plan, it can use bright and comfortable design of wall and ground to decrease the women‘s rejection, also it is useful to the sense of direction. LED indirect lighting plan that 58.7% of women prefers on survey reflects women’s state of desire that bright and atmosphere. In addition, proper use of plans that subsidiary facilities, rest area with Sunken, and nature-friendly material can minimize differences of underground and ground parking lot.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-145
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• 2022

The current study applied the random forest algorithm to Korean crime victim survey data collected biennially between 2010 and 2018 to explore the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and the victim's criminal damages. A total of 3,080 cases including gender, age (life cycle stage), type of crime, perpetrator acquisition, repeated victimization, psychological damage (depression, isolation, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, interpersonal problems, moving out to avoid people, suicidal impulses, suicide attempts), and emotional changes after victimization (changes in self-protection confidence, self-esteem, confidence in others, confidence in legal institutions, and respect for Korean legal system/law) were analyzed. Considering the features of data that are difficult to apply traditional statistical techniques, this study implemented random forest algorithms to predict crime and victim characteristics using the victim's criminal damages (psychological damage and emotional change) and selected good predictors using VSURF function in VSURF package for R. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the relationship between the type of crime and depression, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal problems, between perpetrator acquisition and somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems, and between repeated victimization and changes in respect for Korean legal system/law. Gender and life cycle stage (youth/adult/elderly) were found to be related to extreme fear and changes in self-protection confidence, respectively. However, more empirical evidence should be aggregated to explain the results as meaningful. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to enhance the experts' knowledge and educate them on cases about the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and criminal damage. Strengthening their interview strategy and knowledge about law/rules were also needed to increase the effectiveness of the Korean victim assessment system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

It was just over 20 years ago that the victim who had been seen as the forgotten man in criminal justice system for a long time started to participate in criminal proceedings and state his opinion. Other countries such as America and Japan provide crime victims with the opportunity to state freely about facts of damage as well as their opinions in criminal proceedings at present. However, Korea gives the victim the right of statement as a witness, though the statement of crime victim's opinion is the constitutional right. That is, as crime victims are not free from perjury they cannot actively state their views. Meanwhile, if the freedom of crime victims' statement is guaranteed in law and victims can state opinions with their own voice, victims' statement of opinion will help the victims treat and relieve their psychological damages. For these reasons, it is desirable that Korea, like the U.S. and Japan, gives crime victims the right to state their opinion without fear of perjury in criminal proceedings not as witnesses but as the aggrieved party.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2020

Mobile environment is relatively free from time and space constraints, and has unique characteristics such as not applying physical and social vulnerability because of it's non-face-to-face channel. Since such spatial and temporal speciality is likely to appear in a different form from psychological action and action in a general face-to-face environment, it is necessary to conduct an empirical study based on the results of the existing research that has been studied as major psychological variables of action in mobile environment. However, advance research have not been conducted in earnest on the vulnerability and anxiety of the consumers in a new environment called mobile finance. so this study intends to establish the basis through empirical research. As a result, women among traditional vulnerable groups perceived themselves to be vulnerable in mobile financial environments than men and felt fear of crime strongly. In addition, the vulnerability of mobile financial crime did not have a significant direct effect on mobile financial use, but it was confirmed that mobile crime fear was mediated completely and had an indirect effect on mobile financial use.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.233-285
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• 2004

‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.