• 제목/요약/키워드: Credit Market

검색결과 313건 처리시간 0.026초

금융시장에서 담보가 기업의 자금조달선택에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Influence of Securities on Corporate Financing Behavior in Financial Markets)

  • 박석강
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.201-219
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    • 2018
  • 본고는 산출물 시장에 있어서 독점적으로 행동하는 기업을 고려하여 담보(유담보 융자, 무담보융자)에 의한 차입계약이 차주인 기업의 비용최소화를 통해 비용함수의 형태를 결정하는 모델을 구축하였다. 또한 기업이 금융시장에서의 차입계약이 산출물시장에서 시장균형과 경제후생에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석을 통하여 자기자본이 열악한 기업이 금융기관으로부터 유담보융자에 의해 차입을 실시하면 담보의 범위 내에서 신용을 받을 수 밖에 없는 차입제약에 직면하게 된다는 사실을 증명하였다. 따라서 기업이 생산요소인 자본재를 담보로 설정할 때 생산 요소의 투입비율에 왜곡현상이 발생하며 기업이 금리가 높은 무담보 융자에 의해 대출행위가 이루어지면 한계비용은 상승하기 때문에 기업은 자기이윤을 최대화하는 차입계약을 선택하게 된다. 그러나 기업이 차입계약을 선택할 경우 소비자와 경제전체에 바람직한 현상은 아니며 전체적으로 경제후생을 악화시킨다는 것이 본고의 이론분석을 통한 결과로 볼 수 있다.

수출신용보험이 중소기업의 수출 실적에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Effectiveness of export credit insurance in export performance of SMEs)

  • 진소이;왕흔신;라이폴린;응웬티킴쿡
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.73-92
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    • 2021
  • Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for a large proportion of the total number of enterprises in many countries. The development of SMEs has contributed to job creation and economic benefits. Every government has formulated active diversification strategies to promote the export market of SMEs, but the performance of export capabilities remains insufficient. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of export credit insurance in promoting SME export performance in Canada. Using data from 2008-2017, the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) model to test the stationarity of the concerned variables and the error correction model (ECM) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration test to empirically investigate the cointegration relationship between the research targets. The results represent the positive and critical impact of export relative price and domestic demand pressure on Canada's export performance, and the negative impact of the export volume index at a significant level. Regrettably, the impact of export credit insurance on the export performance of Canadian SMEs is considered exaggerated overall. In view of this result, it is necessary for the Canadian government to enact policies based on the current market status. And enhance confidence among SMEs to begin exports and diversify their markets rather than focusing only on the domestic or US market, especially given the impact of COVID-19. From the case of Canada, Korean government can attempt to learn from them to conduct more efficient strategies for SMEs.

불완전 정보와 신용카드 이자율 (Credit Card Interest Rate with Imperfect Information)

  • 송수영
    • 재무관리연구
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.213-226
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    • 2005
  • 역선택은 금융 산업에서 많이 연구되는 주제이다. 은행 대출 이자율에 대해서는 이자율과 역 선택의 관계에 대해서 공감을 형성하고 있지만, 신용카드 이자율에 있어서 이자율의 변화와 역선택이 발생하는 방향에 대해서 아직 논쟁 중이다. 그러므로 이 논문에서는 신용카드 이자율에 있어서 역선택이 어떻게 발생하는 지를 밝히고, 균형 이자율이 결정되는 과정을 보이려 한다. 신용카드 이용자들과 공급자 사이의 상호 작용이 이자율을 결정하게 되는 중요한 요소이다. 신용카드 이용자들은 거래수단으로서 혹은 자금 조달 수단으로 신용카드와 현금을 이용할 수 있는데, 단위 화폐가치당 소용 비용을 최소화하려는 선택을 하는 합리적인 소비자로 가정하고 있다. 반면에 신용카드 공급자들은 그들의 이익을 최대화하려는 노력을 기울이는데, 현금보다 신용카드가 널리 쓰일수록 유리하다. 이런 가정하에서 신용카드 이자율과 역선택의 관계를 이론적 모형을 통해서 분석하였고, 은행 대출 이자율에서 발생하는 역선택과 같은 역선택이 발생함을 보였다. 즉 증가하는 신용카드 이자율은 역선택을 유발하는 것이다.

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기술금융시장에서의 신뢰성있는 기술평가 정보와 신용평가 정보의 최적화 결합에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Effective Combining Technology and Credit Appraisal Information in the Innovation Financing Market)

  • 이재식;김재진
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.199-208
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 기술신용정보의 기술금융공여자가 신뢰할 수 있는 기술신용정보의 구성요소와 등급산출체계를 분석하고 이를 토대로 기술금융 공급확대를 유인할 수 있는 최적의 기술신용평가시스템을 도출하는 것이다. 기술평가등급과 신용평가등급의 결합비율 변화를 통해 최대 AUROC 값이 되는 최적화된 기술신용평가등급을 산출하고 기존의 신용평가등급 및 체계 간의 격차 시뮬레이션을 통해 기술신용평가등급과 신용평가등급 간 대체가능성을 검증해 본 후 금융기관이 활용할 수 있는 등급체계를 제시하였다. 연구결과, 기업 규모별, 업종별로 동일하게 신용평점 : 기술평점의 가중치 결합비율 70% : 30% 일 때 AUROC가 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 기술신용등급의 부도 유의성이 신용등급 또는 기술등급보다 향상된 결과를 확인함에 따라 기술신용평가정보가 신용등급을 대체 적용 가능성을 발견하였고 나아가서 금융기관에서 여신의사결정 시 기술평가정보와 신용평가정보가 최적화 결합된 기술신용등급을 이용하여 정교한 리스크 관리도 가능함을 시사하고 있다.

다양한 다분류 SVM을 적용한 기업채권평가 (Corporate Bond Rating Using Various Multiclass Support Vector Machines)

  • 안현철;김경재
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.157-178
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    • 2009
  • Corporate credit rating is a very important factor in the market for corporate debt. Information concerning corporate operations is often disseminated to market participants through the changes in credit ratings that are published by professional rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's (S&P) and Moody's Investor Service. Since these agencies generally require a large fee for the service, and the periodically provided ratings sometimes do not reflect the default risk of the company at the time, it may be advantageous for bond-market participants to be able to classify credit ratings before the agencies actually publish them. As a result, it is very important for companies (especially, financial companies) to develop a proper model of credit rating. From a technical perspective, the credit rating constitutes a typical, multiclass, classification problem because rating agencies generally have ten or more categories of ratings. For example, S&P's ratings range from AAA for the highest-quality bonds to D for the lowest-quality bonds. The professional rating agencies emphasize the importance of analysts' subjective judgments in the determination of credit ratings. However, in practice, a mathematical model that uses the financial variables of companies plays an important role in determining credit ratings, since it is convenient to apply and cost efficient. These financial variables include the ratios that represent a company's leverage status, liquidity status, and profitability status. Several statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied as tools for predicting credit ratings. Among them, artificial neural networks are most prevalent in the area of finance because of their broad applicability to many business problems and their preeminent ability to adapt. However, artificial neural networks also have many defects, including the difficulty in determining the values of the control parameters and the number of processing elements in the layer as well as the risk of over-fitting. Of late, because of their robustness and high accuracy, support vector machines (SVMs) have become popular as a solution for problems with generating accurate prediction. An SVM's solution may be globally optimal because SVMs seek to minimize structural risk. On the other hand, artificial neural network models may tend to find locally optimal solutions because they seek to minimize empirical risk. In addition, no parameters need to be tuned in SVMs, barring the upper bound for non-separable cases in linear SVMs. Since SVMs were originally devised for binary classification, however they are not intrinsically geared for multiclass classifications as in credit ratings. Thus, researchers have tried to extend the original SVM to multiclass classification. Hitherto, a variety of techniques to extend standard SVMs to multiclass SVMs (MSVMs) has been proposed in the literature Only a few types of MSVM are, however, tested using prior studies that apply MSVMs to credit ratings studies. In this study, we examined six different techniques of MSVMs: (1) One-Against-One, (2) One-Against-AIL (3) DAGSVM, (4) ECOC, (5) Method of Weston and Watkins, and (6) Method of Crammer and Singer. In addition, we examined the prediction accuracy of some modified version of conventional MSVM techniques. To find the most appropriate technique of MSVMs for corporate bond rating, we applied all the techniques of MSVMs to a real-world case of credit rating in Korea. The best application is in corporate bond rating, which is the most frequently studied area of credit rating for specific debt issues or other financial obligations. For our study the research data were collected from National Information and Credit Evaluation, Inc., a major bond-rating company in Korea. The data set is comprised of the bond-ratings for the year 2002 and various financial variables for 1,295 companies from the manufacturing industry in Korea. We compared the results of these techniques with one another, and with those of traditional methods for credit ratings, such as multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), multinomial logistic regression (MLOGIT), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a result, we found that DAGSVM with an ordered list was the best approach for the prediction of bond rating. In addition, we found that the modified version of ECOC approach can yield higher prediction accuracy for the cases showing clear patterns.

도시 저소득층의 소비자문제지각과 관련요인 연구 (Consumer Problem Perceived by Urban Low-Income Consumers and the Related Factors)

  • 김성숙;이기춘
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 1989
  • The purposes of this study were to identify the overall levels of consumer problem, consumer competencies and purchase pattern of urban low-income consumers and to examine the factors affecting the consumer problem and the subareas-market environment problem(MEP) and transaction relation problem(TRP). The related factors, that is, independent variables were competencies-related factors(consumption-oriented attitude, attitude on consumerism, consumer knowledge), purchase pattern-related factors (search pattern, credit pattern, peddler pattern) and socio-demorgraphic factors(age, educational level, family size). For this purpose, a survey was conducted by interview using questionaires on 198 homemakers that lived in the poor areas of Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were Frequency Distribution, Percentile, Mean, Pearson's Correlation, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Breakdown and Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1) In the level of consum r problem were in the middle level and the level of MEP were higher than that of TRP. The attitude on consumption-orientation was so negative, while attitude on consumerism was positive. The level of consumer knowledge was in the middle level. The urban low-income consumers searched a little and depended on credit and peddler in the low level. 2) Consumer problem perceived by urban low-income consumers differed significantly according to attitude on consumerism, credit pattern, monthly charge of peddler purchase. The MEP depended on attitude on consumerism and monthly charge of peddler purchase, and the TRP was affected by credit pattern and attitude on consumerism. Resulting from MCA, the most influencial variable was attitude on consumerism and credit pattern in the consumer problem, and attitude on consumerism in the MEP, and credit pattenr in the TRP.

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Bank Capital and Lending Behavior of Vietnamese Commercial Banks

  • DANG, Van Dan;LE, Thi Tuyet Hoa;LE, Dinh Hac;NGUYEN, Hoang Dieu Hien
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.373-385
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    • 2021
  • The objective of the study is to empirically investigate the impact of bank capital on the lending behavior of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019. Lending behavior is captured by two dimensions, including the quantity (loan growth) and quality (credit risk) of loans. Instead of investigating loan growth and credit risk separately, we combine these two aspects in our study and further develop the interaction term between capital buffers and credit risk to capture the asymmetric impact. We apply the dynamic model (regressed by the generalized method of moments) and the static models (regressed using the fixed effects, random effects, and the pooled regression approach) to perform regressions. The results show that banks with higher capital ratios tend to expand lending more, while the risk of credit portfolios is controlled at lower levels at these banks. Further analysis reveals that credit risk mitigates some aspects of the relationship between bank capital and loan expansion. The patterns remain robust across alternative measures and econometric techniques. The study provides insightful policy implications for bank managers and regulators in the process of upgrading capital resources to ensure the safety and soundness of the banking industry in an emerging country.

Credit Impact on Firm Profitability in Iraqi, Jordanian, and Kuwaiti Stock Markets

  • MAHDI, Dalal Salih;AL-NAIMI, Adnan Tayeh
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.469-477
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, the relationship between the profitability level of an enterprise and the credit policy adopted by an enterprise was measured. A sample of industrial firms listed on the stock exchanges of Iraq, Jordan, and Kuwait was analyzed. Five industrial firms were randomly selected from each exchange with a condition of having at least 5 year-activity. The total sample size was 15 industrial firms. The study financial data was imported from the sample firms' websites. The financial data was for the financial year 2017. The Regression Analysis was adopted to measure the impact of trade credit on the profitability of an enterprise using the SPSS software. It was found that the receivable accounts have a proportional relationship with the turnover property rights rate. Similarly, the statistical results showed that the turnover property rights rate increased with an increase in the turnover receivable accounts rate and the percentage of investment in receivable accounts. The influence of trade credit on the enterprise profitability percentage in the Iraq stock exchange, Amman stock exchange, and Boursa Kuwait were 0.938, 0.200, and 0.089, respectively. The results showed that the three secondary assumptions were incorrect, while the zeroth assumption, i.e., trade credit has no influence on profitability, was correct.

DEFAULTABLE BOND PRICING USING REGIME SWITCHING INTENSITY MODEL

  • Goutte, Stephane;Ngoupeyou, Armand
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제31권5_6호
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    • pp.711-732
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we are interested in finding explicit numerical formulas to evaluate defaultable bonds prices of firms. For this purpose, we use a default intensity whose values depend on the credit rating of these firms. Each credit rating corresponds to a state of the default intensity. Then, this regime switches as soon as one of the credit rating of a firm also changes. Moreover, this regime switching default intensity model allows us to capture well some market features or economics behaviors. Thus, we obtain two explicit different formulas to evaluate the conditional Laplace transform of a regime switching Cox Ingersoll Ross model. One using the property of semi-affine of the model and the other one using analytic approximation. We conclude by giving some numerical illustrations of these formulas and real data estimation results.

효율적인 신용평가를 위한 데이터마이닝 모형의 비교.분석에 관한 연구 (Study on the Comparison and Analysis of Data Mining Models for the Efficient Customer Credit Evaluation)

  • 김갑식
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 2004
  • This study is intended to suggest1 the optimized data mining model for the efficient customer credit evaluation in the capital finance industry. To accomplish the research objective, various data mining models for the customer credit evaluation are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, existing models such as Multi-Layered Perceptrons, Multivariate Discrimination Analysis, Radial Basis Function, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression are employed for analyzing the customer information in the capital finance market and the detailed data of capital financing transactions. Finally, the data from the integrated model utilizing a genetic algorithm is compared with those of each individual model mentioned above. The results reveals that the integrated model is superior to other existing models.

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