• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.241-245
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• 2022

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are very rare congenital lesions of the lateral neck; thus, our knowledge of this condition derives almost entirely from occasional case reports in the literature. They are thought to originate from the branchial arches and, therefore, can be found anywhere on the pathway along which those branchial arches migrate during embryogenesis. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl presenting with a cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant on the right lateral neck that had existed since birth, with no other anomalies.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn is a congenital cutaneous hamartoma with epidermal, sebaceous, follicular, and apocrine structures that usually appears at birth or in early childhood. It has the potential to generate a variety of secondary neoplasms of different lineages, and the risk increases with patient age. Although multiple neoplasms may occasionally arise within the same lesion, the coexistence of more than five secondary tumors is extremely rare. Here we report a case of seven secondary tumors including syringocystadenoma papilliferum, desmoplastic trichilemmoma, sebaceoma, trichoblastoma, pigmented trichoblastoma, sebaceous adenoma, and tumor of follicular infundibulum arising within a nevus sebaceous. The complete diagnosis relies on the histopathological analysis of multipoint biopsies and delicate pathological sections.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2023

Angiosarcoma is a very rare soft tissue sarcoma that originates from endothelial cells and typically has a poor prognosis. It is most commonly found in elderly white men and can occur anywhere in the body, particularly in the head, neck, and scalp. Patients who have undergone previous radiation treatment or who have chronic lymphedema also face an elevated risk of this condition. Various genetic changes are suspected to contribute to the development of angiosarcoma, and these changes have been identified as potential targets for treatment. For localized disease, wide surgical resection is often the prudent course of action. A multidisciplinary approach, which may include surgery, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, is typically the most effective way to achieve favorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss the general understanding of angiosarcoma and its management, with a particular focus on the current evolving treatments for the disease.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outgrowths of the pharyngeal endoderm, are a key epithelial structure governing facial skeleton development in vertebrates. Pouch formation is achieved through collective cell migration and rearrangement of pouch-forming cells controlled by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. While essential transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have not been reported yet in any vertebrates. Cofilin1-like (Cfl1l) is a fish-specific member of the Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/Cofilin family, a critical regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the expression and function of cfl1l in pouch development in zebrafish. We first showed that fish cfl1l might be an ortholog of vertebrate adf, based on phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate adf and cfl genes. During pouch formation, cfl1l was expressed sequentially in the developing pouches but not in the posterior cell mass in which future pouch-forming cells are present. However, pouches, as well as facial cartilages whose development is dependent upon pouch formation, were unaffected by loss-of-function mutations in cfl1l. Although it could not be completely ruled out a possibility of a genetic redundancy of Cfl1l with other Cfls, our results suggest that the cfl1l expression in the developing pouches might be dispensable for regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics in pouch-forming cells.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.601-611
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• 1996

Craniofacial growth pattern is an important diagnostic data in the course of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning ; it also has great influence in the establishment of occlusion as well as shaping and development of face. There have been many studies to classify different craniofacial growth patterns and attempts to predict growth patterns. This study aimed to correlate craniofacial growth pattern and symphysis morphology. 120 adult patients with age from 19 to 39 (mean age : 23.1) were chosen as subjects , using lateral cephalometric films. their anterior to posterior facial height ratios were calculated. They were divided into 3 groups - clockwise growth pattern with $56\%-62\%$(36subjects), counter-clockwise growth pattern group with $65\%$-80\%$(43subjects) and normal growth pattern group with $62\%-65\%$(41subjects). Symphysis morphology and Prominence evaluation in each subject were studied and the following conclusions were drawn : 1. In comparison of symphysis morphology between the sex groups, men showed large symphysis height and prominence. 2. Concerning the symphysis morphology, the clockwise growth pattern group showed larger height, H/D ratio and actual length but smaller depth, angle, effective length and E/A ratio compared to the counter -clockwise growth pattern group. 3. Those with smaller prominance of symphysis showed clockwise growth tendency and those with larger prominance showed counter-clockwise growth tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.438-443
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• 2004

Objectives : The proper development of the facial structures relies upon a sequence of tightly regulated signaling interactions between the ectoderm and mesoderm involving the participation of several families of signaling molecules. Among these, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been suggested to be a key signal that regulates the development of the mandible and the initiation and morphogenesis of the teeth. The aim of this study was to examine the artificial development of the mandibular structures and to examine the role of BMPs on tooth morphogenesis and differentiation using an organ culture system. Materials and Methods : The tooth germs from Ed 11.5, 13.5 mice were dissected, and transplanted into the diastema of the mandible primordia. The mandibles containing the transplanted tooth germs were cultured in vitro. During this period, beads soaked with BMP4 were implanted around the transplanted tooth germs. In addition, a diastema block containing the transplanted tooth germ was dissected, then transferred to an adult mouse kidney. After the organ culture, the developing mandibular explant was removed from the kidney and prepared for the tissue specimens. Odontogeneis of the transplanted tooth germs was examined after Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson-trichrome staining. Results : Proliferation and differentiation of the tooth germs cultured in the diastema was observed. In the BMP4-treated tooth germs, the formation of the first and second molars was noted. The crown of the developing tooth showed the formation of a mature cusp with the deposition of enamel and dentin matrix. In conclusion, it was confirmed that BMP4 is involved in the formation of a dental crown and the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts of the molar tooth during the development of the transplanted tooth germs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to understand the roles of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling during tooth root and periodontium formation. In this study, we generated the dental mesenchyme-specific Smoothened (Smo) activated/inactivated mice with the activity of Cre recombinase under the control of osteocalcin promoter. In the Smo activated mutant molar sections at the postnatal 28 days, we found extremely thin root dentin and widened pulp chamber. Picrosirius red staining showed loosely arranged fibers in the periodontal space and decreased cellular cementum with some root resorption. Immunohistochemical staining showed less localization of matrix proteins such as Bsp, Dmp1, Pstn, and Ank in the cementum, periodontal ligament, and/or cementoblast. In the Smo inactivated mutant mouse, there was not any remarkable differences in the localization of these matrix proteins compared with the wild type. These findings suggest that adequate suppressing regulation of SHH signaling is required in the development of tooth root and periodontium.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2017

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles is abnormally elevated. Hydrocephalus patients may show macrocephaly and delayed development. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the most commonly used treatment but ventriculoatrial shunt is another treatment option. This report discusses the dental management process employed for a 7-year, 6-month old patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt-treated hydrocephalus. This patient showed dental caries on the deciduous molars, facial swelling, macrocephaly and delayed development. Pulpectomy was performed on the deciduous molars under nitrous oxide sedation and mild protective stabilization. This patient did not appear to have any specific complications until the latest follow-up and was scheduled for the management of overall oral hygiene, development of permanent teeth, and craniofacial asymmetry through periodic follow-up. During dental treatment of shunt-treated patients, care should be taken to avoid applying excessive force to the catheter running along the patient's neck to prevent the displacement of the catheter. A referral to a neurosurgeon is recommended for patients with ventriculoatrial shunts for prophylactic antibiotics. As hydrocephalus patients grow, they may show craniofacial asymmetry or differences in the calcification of the permanent teeth, and require periodic oral and craniofacial assessment.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2016

Background: Lobular keloid appears to be a consequence of hypertrophic inflammation secondary to ear piercings performed under unsterile conditions. We wish to understand the pathogenesis of lobular keloids and report operative outcomes with a literature review. Methods: A retrospective review identified 40 cases of lobular keloids between January, 2005 and December, 2010. Patient records were reviewed for preclinical factors such as presence of inflammation after ear piercing prior to keloid development, surgical management, and histopathologic correlation to recurrence. Results: The operation had been performed by surgical core extirpation or simple excision, postoperative lobular compression, and scar ointments. Perivascular infiltration was noted in intra- and extra-keloid tissue in 70% of patients. The postoperative recurrence rate was 10%, and most of the patients satisfied with treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Histological perivascular inflammation is a prominent feature of lobular keloids. Proper surgical treatment, adjuvant treatments, and persistent follow-up observation were sufficient in maintaining a relatively low rates of recurrence.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2009

Purpose: Nevus comedonicus is a rare disease involving abnormal development of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically appearing confluent clusters of open comedones. It is characterized by follicular epidermic invaginations filled with keratin, with atrophic pilose or sebaceous structures which are open to the lower pole of the invagination. We report a child with inflammatory pustules and cysts correlated to the nevus comedonicus. Methods: A 15-month-old girl was referred for treatment of a nevus comedonicus that has been developed since birth. There were periodic episodes of erythema and swelling of the plaque. The patient had treated previously with retinoid cream for 2 weeks without obvious benefit at dermatology clinic. We excised the nevus comedonicus with Y-shape leaving some lesions. Results: When we incised skin, we could see multiple large whitish cysts beneath the nevus comedonicus. Histopathologic findings showed deep invagination of epidermis filled with keratin plugs, keratinous cyst in the dermis, rudimentary hair follicle. Conclusion: We treated rare nevus comedonicus with multiple large cysts as surgical excision.