• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck stabilization exercise with PNF for neck alignment, neck disability index, and sitting balance in adults with forward-head posture. Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the neck stabilization exercise group (NSG, n = 20) and the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation neck pattern exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) were studied 30 minutes a day three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using cranial vertical angle (CVA), the Korean version of the neck disability index (KNDI), anterior limit of stability (ALOS), and posterior limit of stability (PLOS) before and after the intervention period. Results: There were significant effects in the CVA and the KNDI of both groups pre- and post-intervention. There were significant effects in ALOS and PLOS in the PNFG pre- and post-intervention compared with the NSG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PNF with neck exercise could be beneficial to the static balance of adults with forward-head posture.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2002

Simultaneous implant installation with bone graft was performed in 15 cases. Four cases were cleft alveolus patients. 56 implants were placed immediately with block bone grafts. 2 cases were cranial bone grafts and the others were iliac bone grafts. Three of 56 implants were lost(94.6% Survival rate). One of three was cleft alveolus case. The cleft alveolus patients with simultaneous implants installation showed functional and esthetic results without infraocclusion and positional changes. Bergland index was considered to be type I after 12 months later. Immediate implant installation with bone graft is one of choice of treatment in closing cleft alveolus hoping simultaneous implant installation could be related with function which might result in less resorption of graft. Functional and esthetic results are satisfaction ; there was no infraocclusion and positional changes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate neck posture, range of motion, muscle endurance and self-report of pain and disability in smartphone users. Methods: Seventy-eight university student volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 23.2), were assessed for: a head-neck posture by measuring cranial vertical angle, neck range of motions using cervical range of motion device, and a deep neck flexor endurance using a stabilizer. Finally, subjects were asked about their neck pain and completed disability questionnaires, ie, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Results: Thirty-eight subjects experienced recurrent neck pain with/without upper limb pain (neck pain group) and 40 reported no current neck pain with/without upper limb pain (no neck pain group). Differences were found between groups on pain and disability questionnaires. Subjects with neck pain had significantly higher disability scores than those of no neck pain group. However, there were no differences observed between groups in a head-neck posture, neck range of motions, and deep neck muscle endurance time. The smartphone usage time was negatively correlated with neck pain intensity and disability score whereas it had positive relationship with flexibility and posture. Conclusion: Group differences were observed as lower capacity not only for neck specific daily activities but for general functioning in daily routine when the neck pain and no neck pain groups were compared. Therefore, functioning in daily activities should be investigated as prevention for further developing neck pain in smartphone users.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and anatomical importance of the relevant region from the perspective of surgical approaches by determining the morphometric analysis of the craniocervical junction and foramen magnum (FM) region and determining their distances from important anatomical points. This research was carried out with 59 skulls found at the Anatomy Laboratories of Erciyes and Ankara Medipol University. Metric measurements of FM and condyle, FM shape, condyle-fossa relationship, and pharyngeal tubercle (PT) were made in mm-based dry bone samples of unknown age and sex. The distance between the anterior notches and the FM was 87.01±4.35, the distance between the anterior notches and the PT was 77.70±4.24, the distance between the PT-sphenooccipital junction was 13.23±2.42, and the FM index was 81.86±7.47. The anteroposterior and transverse lengths of FM were determined as 33.80±2.99 and 27.72±2.30, respectively. The morphometric and morphological data available regarding the craniocervical junction showed significant differences between populations. Comprehensive knowledge of this topic will provide a better approach to treat Arnold Chiari Malformation, FM meningiomas, and other posterior cranial fossa lesions. Therefore, we believe that FM and craniocervical junction morphology will be a guide not only for anatomists, but also for radiologists, neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, and orthopedists.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2016

Purpose: Total scalp irradiation (TSI) is a rare but challenging indication. We previously reported that non-coplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was superior to coplanar IMRT in organ-at-risk (OAR) protection and target dose distribution. This consecutive treatment planning study compared IMRT with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective treatment plan databank search was performed and 5 patient cases were randomly selected. Cranial imaging was restored from the initial planning computed tomography (CT) and target volumes and OAR were redelineated. For each patients, three treatment plans were calculated (coplanar/non-coplanar IMRT, VMAT; prescribed dose 50 Gy, single dose 2 Gy). Conformity, homogeneity and dose volume histograms were used for plan. Results: VMAT featured the lowest monitor units and the sharpest dose gradient (1.6 Gy/mm). Planning target volume (PTV) coverage and homogeneity was better in VMAT (coverage, 0.95; homogeneity index [HI], 0.118) compared to IMRT (coverage, 0.94; HI, 0.119) but coplanar IMRT produced the most conformal plans (conformity index [CI], 0.43). Minimum PTV dose range was 66.8%-88.4% in coplanar, 77.5%-88.2% in non-coplanar IMRT and 82.8%-90.3% in VMAT. Mean dose to the brain, brain stem, optic system (maximum dose) and lenses were 18.6, 13.2, 9.1, and 5.2 Gy for VMAT, 21.9, 13.4, 14.5, and 6.3 Gy for non-coplanar and 22.8, 16.5, 11.5, and 5.9 Gy for coplanar IMRT. Maximum optic chiasm dose was 7.7, 8.4, and 11.1 Gy (non-coplanar IMRT, VMAT, and coplanar IMRT). Conclusion: Target coverage, homogeneity and OAR protection, was slightly superior in VMAT plans which also produced the sharpest dose gradient towards healthy tissue.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate effects of McKenzie exercise on the functional recovery and forward head posture of chronic neck pain patients. Methods : The subjects were consisted of fifteen patients who had abnormal neck posture, mild neck pain (28 males, 17 females; mean aged 21.9) from 19 to 33 years of age(mean age 21.9). All subjects were received McKenzie exercise for 35 minutes with clinical massage per day three times a week during 4 weeks period. Neck disability index was used to measure functional disability level. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level. craniovetebral angle(CVA), cranial rotation angle(CRA) was used to measure forward head posture with digital camera. All measurements of each patients were measured at pre-treatment and after 2 week, after 4 week, post-treatment on 2 week. Result : The VAS of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The Neck Disability Index of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CVA of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CRA of McKenzie exercise was not significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05). Conclusion : McKenzie exercise improved pain and function of Chronic neck pain patients.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4819-4825
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• 2011

이 연구는 노인들의 성격유형이 스트레스 저항에 미치는 영향이 있는지를 개인이 지닌 뇌신경 생리학적 지표인 뇌파 측정을 이용하여 비교하여 보았다. 대상자는 한국정신과학연구소에 2007년 9월에서 2010년 12월까지 뇌파측정을 실시한 노인(만 65세 이상)들을 기준으로 선정한 자료이며, 총 1108명이다. 행동성향의 분포도는 긍정 적극성향이 552명, 부정 소극성향이 556명이었으며, 정서성향의 분포도는 명랑(외향)성향이 735명, 우울(내향)성향이 373명이었다. 분석 결과 노인들의 행동성향과 스트레스 저항과는 무관하였으며, 정서성향과 스트레스 저항과는 (p=.000)으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 즉, 명랑(외향)성향이 우울(내향)성향에 비하여 항 스트레스지수에서 평균이 높게 차이가 났으며, 이는 스트레스를 이겨낼 수 있는 능력이 높다고 할 수 있겠다. 이 연구 결과 정서성향과 스트레스 저항능력이 관련이 있음을 보여주었으며 미치는 영향이나 작용기전을 규명하는 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

목 적: 토모테라피 치료 계획 시 여러 가지 다양한 빔 조절 인자들의 수정으로 얻어진 각각의 치료 계획 결과를 특정한 선량체적 히스토그램 표지자(DVH-Index)를 이용하여 치료 전에 비교 함으로써 최적의 치료 계획을 효율적으로 도출할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 토모테라피 적응증례를 가진 3명의 환자(두경부, 복부, 골반부)를 대상으로 치료 전 PQ 5000 (CT simulator, Philips)을 이용하여 전산화 단층 촬영영상을 얻었고, pinnacle ver 7.6c (3D RTP, ADAC)에서 종양 조직과 정상조직의 윤곽선을 묘사하여 토모 치료계획 장비(hi-art system ver 2.0)로 전송한 후 빔 조사야, 피치 혹은 중요도를 각기 다르게 설정하고 치료 계획을 실시하였다. 각각의 치료 계획은 종양 부위와 정상 부위의 선량 통계량(최대선량, 최소선량, 평균선량, 선량체적)을 구하여 치료 적절성을 비교하였고 또한 선량 체적 히스토그램을 이용하여 종양 표적 내의 균일성 지수(homogeneity index, HI), 종양 표적에 대한 선량 조형 지수(conformity index, CI), 정상 조직에서의 선량 감소 지수(dose gradient index, DGI)를 이용하여 치료 계획을 비교한 후 두 가지 비교 결과의 유사성을 확인 하였다. 결 과: 3명의 환자를 대상으로 각각 시행한 3가지 치료 계획을 등 선량 분포와 선량 통계량을 통해 비교한 결과와 선량 체적 히스토그램 표지자를 이용한 치료 계획의 비교 결과 두부, 복부와 골반부에 치료 부위를 가진 환자에 있어서 모두 동일한 치료계획을 우월하게 판정하였다. 결 론: 토모테라피의 치료 계획 비교 시 선량 체적 히스토그램의 표지자를 이용한 방법은 특정한 치료 목표에 따라 다소간의 차이를 나타낼 순 있으나 종양 조직에 대한 선량분포의 적절성과 전체적인 정상조직의 고 선량 위험도를 반영함으로써 다수의 치료계획을 단시간에 상호 비교 검증 할 수 있는 적절한 방법으로 사료 된다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to dosimetrically compare the technique of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), which is a traditional prophylactic cranial irradiation method, and the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques used in the last few decades with the dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) technique. Methods: The 3D CRT, VMAT, IMRT, and DCAT plans were prepared with 25 Gy in 10 fractions in a Monaco planning system. The target volume and the critical organ doses were compared. A comparison of the body V₂, V₅, and V₁₀ doses, monitor unit (MU), and beam on-time values was also performed. Results: In planned target volume of the brain (PTV_Brain), the highest D99 dose value (P<0.001) and the most homogeneous (P=0.049) dose distribution according to the heterogeneity index were obtained using the VMAT technique. In contrast, the lowest values were obtained using the 3D CRT technique in the body V₂, V₅, and V₁₀ doses. The MU values were the lowest when DCAT (P=0.001) was used. These values were 0.34% (P=0.256) lower with the 3D CRT technique, 66% (P=0.001) lower with IMRT, and 72% (P=0.001) lower with VMAT. The beam on-time values were the lowest with the 3D CRT planning (P<0.001), 3.8% (P=0.008) lower than DCAT, 65% (P=0.001) lower than VMAT planning, and 76% (P=0.001) lower than IMRT planning. Conclusions: Without sacrificing the homogeneous dose distribution and the critical organ doses in IMRTs, three to four times less treatment time, less low-dose volume, less leakage radiation, and less radiation scattering could be achieved when the DCAT technique is used similar to conventional methods. In short, DCAT, which is applicable in small target volumes, can also be successfully planned in large target volumes, such as the whole-brain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

Purpose: Improved survival of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has drawn attention to the potential for late consequences of previous treatments among survivors, including metabolic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated changes in 3 parameters, namely, random blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and Z score for BMI (Z-BMI), in children with ALL during chemotherapy and after completion of treatment. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with ALL from January, 2005 to December, 2008 at Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, who completed treatment with chemotherapy only were included (n=107). Random glucose, BMI, and Z-BMI were recorded at 5 intervals: at diagnosis, before maintenance treatment, at completion of maintenance treatment, and 6 and 12 months after completion of maintenance treatment. Similar analyses were conducted on 2 subcohorts based on ALL risk groups. Results: For random glucose, a paired comparison showed significantly lower levels at 12 months post-treatment compared to those at initial diagnosis ($P$ <0.001) and before maintenance ($P$ <0.001). The Z-BMI score was significantly higher before maintenance than at diagnosis ($P$ <0.001), but decreased significantly at the end of treatment ($P$ <0.001) and remained low at 6 months ($P$ <0.001) and 12 months ($P$ <0.001) post-treatment. Similar results were obtained upon analysis of risk group-based subcohorts. Conclusion: For a cohort of ALL patients treated without allogeneic transplantation or cranial irradiation, decrease in random glucose and Z-BMI after completion of chemotherapy does not indicate future glucose intolerance or obesity.