• Title/Summary/Keyword: Crack load

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뜬바닥구조의 균열강도 평가 (Evaluation of Cracking Strength of Floating Floor System)

  • 이정윤;이범식;전명훈;김종문
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2015
  • 이 연구에서는 층간소음을 억제하기 위하여 사용되는 뜬바닥구조의 구조거동을 실험을 통하여 평가하였다. 최근 층간소음을 억제하기 위하여 연질의 완충재가 사용되며, 이로 인하여 마감모르타르나 기포콘크리트에 균열이 발생할 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 완충재의 강성, 하중가력 위치, 바닥 구성층을 변수로 하는 16개의 2방향 뜬바닥구조를 실험하였다. 실험에 의하면 완충재의 강성은 뜬바닥구조의 균열강도에 큰 영향을 미치며 완충재의 할선계수가 0.2MPa인 경우에 낮은 강도에서 균열이 발생하였다. 또한 슬래브의 단부나 모서리에 하중이 가력될 경우에 균열강도가 감소하였다. 뜬바닥구조를 이루고 있는 마감모르타르는 균열강도에 영향을 주었지만 기포콘크리트는 균열강도에 영향을 주지 않았다.

CSA 팽창재를 혼입한 강섬유 보강 콘크리트의 역학적 성능 및 균열 저항성능 평가 (Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Crack Resistant Performance in Concrete with Steel Fiber Reinforcement and CSA Expansive Admixture)

  • 최세진;박기태;권성준
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.75-83
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    • 2014
  • 콘크리트의 취성파괴를 방지하기 위해 강섬유 보강재는 효과적인 복합재료이다. 그러나 시멘트 사용량이 많아지면 건조수축이 증가하고 이로 인해, 강섬유 보강재의 연성증가 효과가 제한될 수 있다. 팽창재를 사용한 콘크리트 내부의 강섬유 보강재는 화학적 프리스트레싱 효과가 발생하여 강섬유 보강효과를 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CSA 팽창재와 강섬유 보강재를 혼입하여 콘크리트의 역학적인 특성을 분석하였다. 체적비 1~2%의 강섬유 보강재와 시멘트 중량의 10%의 CSA 팽창재를 혼입하였으며, 다양한 역학적 특성과 휨거동을 분석하였다. 강섬유 보강재를 혼입한 CSA 콘크리트는 인장강도와 초기균열강도의 증가를 나타냈으며, 균열후의 파괴에너지 증가와 같은 연성거동을 뚜렷하게 나타내었다. 적절한 팽창재 사용과 최적의 강섬유 보강재의 혼입률이 도출된다면 이들의 상호작용은 콘크리트의 취성을 더욱 효과적으로 제어할 수 있다.

운전하중하의 레인플로집계법을 이용한 철도차량 무개화차의 피로누적손상과 수명예측 (Fatigue Cumulative Damage and Life Prediction of Uncovered Freight Car Under Service Load using Rainflow Counting Method)

  • 백석흠;이경영;문성준;조석수;주원식
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2005
  • An end beam is one of the most important structural members supporting uncovered freight under in-service loading. In general, it needs to endure over 25 years. However fatigue fracture has occurred at dynamic stress concentration location of the end beam because user's specifications demanded high speed and vehicle manufacturer made the uncovered freight car with comparatively low strength and stiffness. For durability analysis, finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the problem of uncovered freight structure and local strain. The uncovered freight car was operated on actual problematic railroad line to measure dynamic stress versus time history on the critical part from which a crack is initiated often. Rainflow cycle counting method was used to estimate fatigue damage at dangerous area under operating condition. Therefore, this study shows that analytical fatigue life at the end beam can be predicted on the basis of S-N curve and structure analysis and has a fairly good correlation with experimental fatigue life.

유한요소해석을 활용한 비틀림 제어 확장앵커의 비선형 인장거동 특성 분석 (Nonlinear Tensile Behavior Analysis of Torque-controlled Expansion Anchors Using Finite Element Analysis)

  • 방진수;윤일로;권양수;임홍재
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2020
  • 콘크리트용 앵커볼트는 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 비구조요소의 정착에 주로 사용되고 있으며, 시공성의 이점에 따라 후설치앵커가 주로 사용되고 있다. 앵커의 저항 성능과 관련하여 콘크리트 쪼개짐 영향을 최소화하기 위한 위험 연단거리가 제시되고 있지만 실제 앵커의 경우 이상적인 연단거리를 확보하기 어렵다. 즉, 인장 하중에 따라 발생 가능한 콘크리트 쪼개짐 등 복합적인 요소가 포함된 앵커의 저항 성능과 인장 거동 특성을 파악하기 위함이 본 연구의 목적이다. 표준시험방법을 바탕으로 인장실험을 진행하고 도출된 하중-변위 결과 및 파괴 형상을 분석하였다. 위험 연단거리가 확보되지 않은 앵커의 경우 인장력에 의해 콘크리트 쪼갬 파괴가 동반된 파괴 모드가 도출되고 저항 특성은 강성 구간으로 분류된다. 또한, 실험체 구성 요소를 바탕으로 비선형 유한요소모델을 구성하였으며, 앵커 거동을 모사하기 위해 구속 조건 및 연결요소 조건에 따른 경계조건별 변수 해석을 수행하였다. 이에 따라 도출된 해석 결과는 콘크리트 내부 파괴 영향성 및 실제 앵커의 거동을 바탕으로 검증하여 범용구조해석 프로그램 내 경계조건을 통한 저항 메커니즘 적용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

고성능 FRP를 활용한 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 내진 성능 평가 및 개선 (Improvement and Evaluation of Seismic Performance for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Using High Performance Embedded FRP)

  • 하기주;신종학;강현욱
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.385-392
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    • 2011
  • 이 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 건물의 보-기둥 접합부 및 내진 성능의 개선을 위해 보-기둥 접합부 영역을 기존의 강판 및 FRP보강재(탄소섬유 쉬트, 매입형 탄소섬유봉)를 사용하여 보강한 후 내진 성능을 평가 하였다. 총 6개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 내진 성능을 평가하였으며, 이 연구의 실험 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 접합부 영역(LBCJ 시리즈)를 보강한 결과 초기 재하시 접합부 영역의 균열 억제 효과와 재하 전 과정을 통하여 보강재의 구속 효과로 인하여 균열 억제 효과가 커서 안정적인 파괴 형태 및 내력 향상 효과를 나타내었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 내진 성능을 개선하기 위하여 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부 FRP보강 기술 적용 실험체 LBCJ 시리즈는 표준실험체 LBCJC와 비교하여 최대 내력은 26~50% 증가하였다. 그리고 에너지 소산 능력은 변위 연성 4에서 13.0~14.4% 증가하였다.

Rehabilitation of normal and self-compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete corbels via basalt fiber

  • Gulsan, Mehmet Eren;Al Jawahery, Mohammed S.;Alshawaf, Adnan H.;Hussein, Twana A.;Abdulhaleem, Khamees N.;Cevik, Abdulkadir
    • Advances in concrete construction
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    • 제6권5호
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    • pp.423-463
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    • 2018
  • This paper investigates the behavior of normal and self-compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete (SCC-SFRC) corbels rehabilitated by Basalt Fiber Mesh (BFM) and Basalt Fiber Fabric (BFF) for the first time in literature. The research objective is to study the effectiveness of BFM and BFF in the rehabilitation of damaged reinforced concrete corbels with and without epoxy injection. The experimental program includes two types of concrete: normal concrete, and self-compacted concrete. For normal concrete, 12 corbels were rehabilitated by BFM without injection epoxy in cracks, with two values of compressive strength, three ratios of steel fiber (SF), and two values of shear span. For self-compacted concrete, 48 corbels were rehabilitated with different parameters where 12 corbels were rehabilitated by BFM with and without epoxy injection, 18 heated corbels with three different high-temperature level were rehabilitated by repairing cracks only by epoxy injection, and 18 heated corbels with three different high-temperature level were rehabilitated by repairing cracks by epoxy and wrapping by BFF. All 48 corbels have two values of compressive strength, three values volumetric ratios of SF, and two values of the shear span. Test results indicate that RC corbels rehabilitated by BFM only without injection did not show any increase in the ultimate load capacity. Moreover, For RC corbels that were repaired by epoxy without basalt wrapping, the ultimate load capacities showed an increase depending on the mode of failure of corbels before the rehabilitation. However, the rehabilitation with only crack repairing by epoxy injection is more effective on medium strength corbels as compared to high strength ones. Finally, it can be concluded that use of BFF is an effective and powerful technique for the strengthening of damaged RC corbels.

시공하중 및 균열 효과를 고려한 플랫 플레이트의 장기 처짐에 대한 변수 연구 (Parametric Study on Long-Term Deflections of Flat Plates Considering Effects of Construction Loads and Cracking)

  • 최승민;엄태성;김재요
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.44-54
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    • 2012
  • 보에 의해 지지되지 않는 RC 플랫 플레이트는 강도 조건이 아닌 사용성의 지배를 받을 수 있다. 특히, 양생 초기의 슬래브에 발생하는 과하중과 인장 균열은 시공 중 플랫 플레이트에 심각한 처짐을 발생시키며, 시공 순서와 슬래브 처짐의 영향은 플랫 플레이트에서 중요한 요소이다. 이 연구에서는 시공단계, 콘크리트의 균열 및 장기처짐 효과를 고려하여 슬래브의 처짐을 산정한다. 제안된 방법을 사용하여 플랫 플레이트의 처짐에 대한 변수연구가 실시되었다. 슬래브의 시공주기, 동바리 지지층수, 인장 및 압축철근, 콘크리트 강도, 시공 활하중, 슬래브 두께를 변수로 하여, 시공 중 즉시처짐과 시공 완료 후 장기처짐에 대하여 조사하였다. 산정 결과는 건축구조설계기준에서 제시된 사용성 제한값과 비교하였다.

Adhesive Behaviors of the Aluminum Alloy-Based CrN and TiN Coating Films for Ocean Plant

  • Murakami, Ri-Ichi;Yahya, Syed Qamma Bin
    • International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.106-115
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, TiN and CrN films were coated by arc ion plating equipment onto aluminum alloy substrate, A2024. The film thickness was about 4.65 ${\mu}m$. TiN and CrN films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray equipments. The Young's modulus and the micro-Vickers hardness of aluminum substrate were modified by the ceramic film coatings. The difference in Young's modulus between substrate and coating film would affect on the wear resistance. The critical load, Lc, was 75.8 N for TiN and 85.5 N for CrN. It indicated from the observation of optical micrographs for TiN and CrN films that lots of cracks widely propagated toward the both sides of scratch track in the early stage of MODE I. TiN film began to delaminate completely at MODE II stage. The substrate was finally glittered at MODE III stage. For CrN film, a few crack can be observed at MODE I stage. The delamination of film was not still occurred at MODE II and then was happened at MODE III. This agrees with critical load measurement which the adhesive strength was greater for CrN film than for TiN film. Consequently, it was difficult for CrN to delaminate because the adhesive strength was excellent against Al substrate. The wear process, which the film adheres and the ball transfers, could be enhanced because of the increase in loading. The wear weight of ball was less for CrN than for TiN. This means that the wear damage of ball was greater for TiN than for CrN film. It is also obvious that it was difficult to delaminate because the CrN coating film has high toughness. The coefficient of friction was less for CrN coating film than for TiN film.

Experimental and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete beams containing vertical openings

  • Parol, Jafarali;Ben-Nakhi, Ammar;Al-Sanad, Shaikha;Al-Qazweeni, Jamal;Al-Duaij, Hamad J.;Kamal, Hasan
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제72권3호
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    • pp.383-393
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    • 2019
  • Horizontal openings in reinforced concrete (RC) beams are quite often used to accommodate service pipelines. Several research papers are available in the literature describing their effect. RC beams with vertical openings are commonly used to accommodate service lines in residential buildings in Kuwait. However, there are lack of design guidelines and best practices reported in the literature for RC beams with vertical openings, whereas the detailed guidelines are available for beams with horizontal openings. In the present paper, laboratory experiments are conducted on nine RC beams with and without vertical openings. Parametric study has been carried out using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) with changes in the diameter of the opening, various positions of the opening along the length and width of the beam, edge distance, etc. 50 finite element simulations were conducted. The FEA results are verified using the results from the laboratory experiments. The study showed that the load carrying capacity of the beam is reduced by 20% for the RC beam with vertical openings placed near the center of the beam compared to a solid beam without an opening. Significant reduction in load carrying capacity is observed for beams with an opening near the support (${\approx}15%$). The overall stiffness of the beam, crack pattern and failure modes were not affected due to the presence of the vertical opening. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis is carried out using the FEA generated data. The results and observations from the ANN and FEA are in good agreement with experimental results.

Large-scale testing and numerical study on an innovative dovetail UHPC joint subjected to negative moment

  • Zhang, Qifeng;Feng, Yan;Cheng, Zhao;Jiao, Yang;Cheng, Hang;Wang, Jingquan;Qi, Jianan
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.175-183
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    • 2022
  • To study the working mechanism and size effect of an innovative dovetail UHPC joint originated from the 5th Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, a large-scale testing subject to negative bending moment was conducted and compared with the previous scaled specimens. The static responses, i.e., the crack pattern, failure mode, ductility and stiffness degradation were analyzed. It was found that the scaled specimens presented similar working stages and working mechanism with the large-scale ones. However, the post-cracking ductility and relative stiffness degradation all decrease with the enlarged length/scale, apart from the relative stiffness after flexural cracking. The slab stiffness at the flexural cracking stage is 90% of the initial stiffness while only 24% of the initial stiffness reserved in the ultimate stage. Finite element model (FEM) was established and compared with the experiments to verify its effectiveness in exploring the working mechanism of the innovative joint. Based on this effective method, a series of FEMs were established to further study the influence of material strength, pre-stressing level and ratio of reinforcement on its deflection-load relationship. It is found that the ratio of reinforcement can significantly improve its load-carrying capacity among the three major-influenced factors.