• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2018

The efficacy of formulated Trichoderma harzianum-based Tricho-compost, seed treatment with Tricho-inocula, and chemical fungicide Provax 200 WP against foot and root rot diseases of wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was tested in the pot house and in the research field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Tricho-compost was prepared with a mixed substrate of cow dung, rice bran, and poultry refuse colonized by T. harzianum. Seedling mortality of wheat was significantly reduced by the Tricho-compost, Tricho-inocula, and Provax 200 WP both in the pot house as well as in the field experiments. The yield of wheat was sharply increased over the control due to the T. harzianum formulations and Provax 200 WP. Among the treatments, soil application of Tricho-compost was more efficient in reducing seedling mortality and accelerating plant growth with an increased yield of wheat with S. rolfsii-inoculated pot cultures and field experiments.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.313-315
• /
• 2019

사일리지 제조에 사용하기 위한 섬유소 분해균을 탐색하는 중 절대혐기성 세균인 WCF-2 균주를 선발하였다. WCF-2 균주는 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 유사도가 가장 높은(98.2%) 표준균주인 Cellulosilyticum lentocellum DSM $5427^T$ 보다 높은 섬유소 분해 활성을 나타내었다. WCF-2 균주의 전체 유전체 염기서열을 분석하고 이를 C. lentocellum DSM $5427^T$와 비교하였을 때 두 균주의 OrthoANI 값은 97.9%로 나타나 WCF-2를 C. lentocellum으로 동정하였다. WCF-2 균주의 유전체 크기는 4,779,774 bp이고 G + C 함량은 34.4%였으며 4,154개의 단백질 암호화 유전자 및 142개의 RNA 암호화 유전자를 보유하고 있었다. 또한 WCF-2 균주는 7개의 cellulase를 보유하고 있었으며 이 중 5개는 C. lentocellum DSM $5427^T$의 cellulase와 낮은 유사도를 나타내었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2017

At present, in India, handling of solid waste has become a major challenge for the municipal authorities. Composting of solid waste, especially organic waste, can be one of the solutions to tackle the issue of handling solid waste. The present study is focused on agitated piles composting of flower waste (FW). Five combinations of FW with dry leaves (DL) and cow dung (CD) were prepared to conduct the study. Significant changes were observed due to the addition of bulking agent. The bulking material helps to reduce the production of leachate and also to maintain the aerobic condition within the piles. The reduction of total organic carbon was 21% in FW composting which increased by 36.48% during the composting of FW on addition of DL and CD. On the 120th day of composting, the pH of pile five (70 kg FW + 20 kg CD + 15 kg DL) was 7.33, electrical conductivity 2.77 mS/cm, total organic carbon 26.9%, total nitrogen 2.2%, and C:N ratio was 12. Appropriate proportion of waste mixture played an important role in providing favorable conditions for the microbial transformation of flower waste to stabilized compost. Finally, FW with the combination of CD and DL was found to be successful during pile composting.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.569-578
• /
• 2015

Cold water paddy field soils are relatively unproductive, but can be ameliorated by supplementing with inorganic fertilizer from animal waste-based composts. The yield of two rice cultivars was significantly raised by providing either chicken manure or cow dung-based compost. The application of these composts raised the soil pH as well as both the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, which improved the soil's fertility and raised its nitrification potential. The composts had a measurable effect on the abundance of nitrogencycling-related soil microbes, as measured by estimating the copy number of various bacterial and archaeal genes using quantitative real-time PCR. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria was markedly encouraged by the application of chicken manure-based compost. Supplementation with the composts helped promote the availability of soil nitrogen in the cold water paddy field, thereby improving the soil's productivity and increasing the yield of the rice crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.686-693
• /
• 2000

Biomass yield, nutritive value and nutrient utilization efficiency of different genera of duckweed (DW, Lemnaceae) under the same nutritional and management conditions were studied. Three genera of DW namely: Lemna perpusilla, Spirodela polyrhiza and Woljfia arrhiza, were cultivated in 18 plastic sinks each of $59{\times}54{\times}35cm^3$ size. Each sink contained approximately 80 L of water and was charged once with 6.648 kg of anaerobically fermented cow dung effluent. The seed rate for Spirodela, Lemna and Wolffia were 600, 400 and $600g/m^2$ respectively. Duckweed were harvested at 48 hours intervals. Media total N concentration for Lemna and Wolffia gradually increased with time. Growth of duckweed was measured by subtracting the inoculum from the total biomass production. Growth of Spirodela ceased within 4 days but Lemna and Wolffia continue to grow up to 34 days. Bio-mass yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Wolffia (906 kg/ha/d) than Lemna (631 kg/ha/d). Dry matter (DM) yield was very similar in Lemna (14.80 kg/ha/d) and Wolffia (14.57 kg/ha/d). The N content was non-significant higher in Lemna (5.45%) than Wolffia (5.00%) and Spirodela (4.6%). The crude protein (CP, $N{\times}6.25$) yield was non-significantly higher in Lemna (4.83 kg/ha/d) than Wolffia (4.32 kg/ha/d). The acid detergent fibre (ADF) content was the highest in Wolffia (28.59%), followed by Spirodela (19.47%) and Lemna (12.39%). Utilization efficiency of CP was 273 and 314% respectively for Wolffia and Lemna. However, similar efficiency values for Spirodela was only 1.5%. Considering the bio-mass yield, nutritive value and nutrient utilization efficiency, production performance of DW were in the order of Lemna>Wolffia>Spirodela under the present experimental conditions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.218-242
• /
• 2022

Background: Promising specific growth regulators are employed in the tissue cultures of various bamboo species. Specific natural hardening mixtures support the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo under protected cultivation. Results: The growth regulators like 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin, Gelrite, Benzyl Adenine (BA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Coumarin, Putrescine, Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) has been widely used for callus induction, root regeneration and imposing plant regeneration in various species of bamboo such as Bambusa spp. and Dendrocalamus spp. Different combinations of growth regulators and phytohormones have been used for regenerating some of the major bamboo species. Natural hardening materials such as cocopeat, vermicompost, perlite, cow dung, farmyard manure, compost, soil, garden soil, and humus soil have been recommended for the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo species. Standard combinations of growth regulators and hardening mixtures have imposed tissue culture, acclimatization, and adaptation in major bamboo species. Conclusions: Bamboo contributes to soil fertility improvement and stabilization of the environment. Bamboo species are also involved in managing the biogeochemical cycle and have immense potential for carbon sequestration and human use. This paper aims to review the various growth regulators, natural mixtures, and defined media involved in regenerating major bamboo species through in vitro propagation. In addition, the ecological benefits of safeguarding the environment are also briefly discussed.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2023

The sustainable management of rice straw is essential for protection of human health and environment. This study assesses the impact of stock density of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the quality of the final vermicompost. The vermicompost is produced using different combinations of rice straw, Neem leaves, and cow dung (bulking agent) by varying stock density of earthworms. The vermicomposting experiments are performed in plastic containers (32 cm × 28 cm × 28 cm) in open for 90 days under laboratory conditions. The stock density of the earthworm is found to be an important factor to influence nutritional quality of the final vermicompost. There is observed significant improvement in the total nitrogen (91.8%), phosphate (73.4%), potassium (38.8%), and calcium (59.05%) content of the vermicompost produced with the highest stock density of the earthworms. All the treatments showed decrease in TOC and C:N content after 90 days of vermicomposting. The treatment with Neem leaves showed maximum growth of earthworms (2.65 fold). Neem leaves brought positive changes in the quality of final vermicompost by enhancing the growth and reproduction of the earthworms. The calcium content increased by 39% in the final vermicompost with the addition of Neem leaves at the same stock density of the earthworms. The stock density of the earthworms and Neem leaves are found to significantly improve quality of the final vermicompost as compared with the compost (control). The surface morphology in SEM images showed high degree of fragmentation in the vermicompost as compared with the compost. The combined action of microbes and earthworms resulted in high degree of disintegration in the vermicompost.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 1993

이 보고는 1992년(年) 서울 근교(近郊) 시설채소(施設菜蔬) 재배지(栽培地)인 경기(京畿) 북부지역(北部地域)(양주군(楊州郡), 파주군(坡州郡)) 시설(施設) 재배(栽培) 농가(農家) 포장(圃場)에서 채취(採取)한 토양(土壤)의 화학성분(化學成分)을 조사한 결과(結果)이다. 이를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토성별(土性別) 분포(分布)는 양토(壤土)와 식양토(植壤土)가 각(各) 5%, 미사질(微砂質) 양토(壤土)가 25%였고 사양토(砂壤土)가 65%고 가장 많은 분포(分布)를 보였다. 2. 경작자(耕作者)의 토양관리(土壤管理) 방법(方法)과 재배년수(栽培年數)의 차이(差異)에 따라 토양양분(土壤養分) 함량(含量)의 차이(差異)를 보였으며, 산도(酸度)를 제외(除外)한 전성분(全成分)이 적정치(適正値) 보나 높은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 3. 각 토양(土壤)의 화학성분별(化學成分別) 적정치(適正置)에 대한 과(過), 부족율(不足率)을 보면 pH와 Ca/Mg, Mg/K비(比)에서는 부족율(不足率)이 높았고 다른 성분(成分)은 과다율(過多率)이 높은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 4. 시설재배지(施設栽培地) 농가(農家)에서 가축분(家畜糞)을 시용(施用)하는 비율(比率)은 계분(鷄糞)(48%) > 우분(牛糞)(36%) > 돈분(豚糞)(16%) 순(順)이었고 평균(平均) 시용량(施用量)은 각각(各各) 6.0, 4.5, 2.0 ton/10a이였다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.444-454
• /
• 2016

전국에서 채취한 사일리지 및 우분 시료로부터 사일리지 첨가제로 사용하기 위한 유산균을 순수 분리하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. MRS 배지에서 성장 속도를 기반으로 16개의 유산균 균주를 순수 분리하였으며 이들은 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase alpha subunit, 60-kDa heat shock protein, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit 유전자 염기서열에 기반하여 Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Weissella 속으로 동정되었다. 16균주 중 L. plantarum과 유전적으로 높은 유사도를 보인 균주들은 MRS 배지와 쌀보리 추출배지에서 가장 빠른 성장 및 pH 저하를 나타냈으며 이용 가능한 당 종류 및 생장 가능한 pH, 온도, 염분범위가 상대적으로 넓었다. 또한 이 균주들은 PCR 검사 결과 바이오제닉 아민 생성을 위한 유전자가 없었으며 그 MRS 배지 배양액은 사일리지 부패균에 대한 저해 효과가 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타나 이 균주들이 우수한 사일리지 첨가제로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 분리된 모든 유산균들의 쌀보리 추출배지 배양액은 사일리지 부패균의 성장에 큰 영향을 미치지 않거나 오히려 촉진시켰으며 선발된 유산균들을 사일리지 제조에 사용하기 위하여 그 원인 구명과 대책마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

지렁이 사육상을 조성하는데 있어서 적정한 초기 지렁이 입식 밀도를 추정하기 위해서 단위 면적당 서로 다른 밀도의 지렁이($1m^2$의 사육상 면적당 지렁이 1, 2, 3, 5kg)를 입식하여 12kg의 먹이를 반복 급이하면서 그의 개체군 밀도 변화를 조사하였고, 효율적인 먹이급이량을 추정하기 위하여 최고 한계에 근접한 지렁이 밀도($5kg/m^2$)에서 먹이급이량을 달리하였을 때($1m^2$의 사육상 면적당 먹이 16, 24, 32, 40kg) 먹이섭식속도를 조사하였다. 지렁이 구입비용, 노동비용 등을 고려하였을 때, 지렁이 사육상을 조성하기 위한 초기 입식밀도는 사육상 면적 $1m^2$당 2kg 이하로 하는 것이 합리적인 것으로 판단된다. 지렁이 사육상에 지렁이 밀도가 최고밀도에 근접한 이후에는 단위 사육 면적당 1회에 투입되는 먹이량은 $40kg/m^2$정도인 것이 그 보다 적은 경우보다 지렁이 증식과 먹이급이를 위한 작업효율 측면에서 유리하였다.