• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.363.2-363
• /
• 2001

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

The adsorption of Acid Blue 92 onto three low cost and ecofriendly biosorbents viz., cow dung ash, mango stone ash and parthenium leaves ash and commercial activated carbon have discussed in this work. The ash of all the mentioned bio-wastes was prepared in the muffle furnace at $500^{\circ}C$ and all the adsorbents were stored in an air thermostat. Experiments at total dye concentrations of 10~100 mg/L were carried out with a synthetic effluent prepared in the laboratory. The parameters such as pH and dye concentration were varied. Equilibrium adsorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results indicate that cow dung ash, mango stone ash and parthenium leaves ash could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of dye.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2018

The anaerobically digestion and agricultural application of organic wastes was conducted using food wastes and cow dung. Twenty kilograms each of the feed stocks was added into two 30 liters-capacity batch digesters. The anaerobic digestion was carried out within a temperature range of $25-31^{\circ}C$ for a retention time of 51 days. The results showed a cumulative gas yield of 5.0 bars for food waste and no gas production for cow dung within the retention time. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium sp were isolated. Fungi isolated included Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulan, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton flocossum. The non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis of the biogas produced confirmed that the gas consisted of $CH_4$, $CO_2$ and $H_2$. Statistical analysis revealed there was no significant correlation between temperature and biogas produced from the organic wastes (r= 0.177, p = 0.483).The organic wastes from the biogas production process stimulated maize growth when compared to control (soil without organic waste) and indicated maximum height. The study therefore reveals that food waste as potential substrates for biogas production has a moderate bio-fertilizer potential for improving plant growth and yield when added to soil.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 2011

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of Dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne graminicola. Among the five fungal isolates, isolate D showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of M. graminicola J2s in dual cultures. Another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of D. brochopaga (isolate D) on the management of wheat root-knot disease. Applying a mass culture (10 g/pot) and a spore suspension of the fungus with and without cow dung manure to soil infested with 2,000 M. graminicola juveniles significantly improved plant height, root length, weights of shoots, roots, panicles and grains per hill compared to those in the control. Moreover, the fungus significantly reduced the number of root-knots, the number of egg masses, juveniles, and females per hill compared to those in the control. Bio-efficacy of the fungus was heightened when the mass culture and a spore suspensions were used in combination with cow dung manure to improve the plant growth parameters and reduce the number of root-knot and reproductive factors. Further investigations should be conducted to identify the impact of this fungus in the field.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 1991

우분(牛糞)의 부숙(腐熟)을 용이(容易)하게 하기 위하여 우분(牛糞)에 왕겨를 비율별(比率別)로 섞고 수분함량(水分含量), C/N률(率) 및 C/P률(率)에 대(對)한 조건(條件)을 파악(把握)하여 부숙(腐熟)과 후숙시험(後熟試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 최종제품(最終製品)으로 오이 유식체(幼植物)을 재배(栽培)하였고, 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1 부숙기간중(腐熟期間中) 퇴적내(堆積內) 평균온도(平均溫度)는 속서구(速成區)가 $55{\sim}65^{\circ}C$로 광행구(慣行區) $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$보다 훨씬 높았으며 2. T-N함량(含量)은 속성구(速成區)가 관행구(慣行區) 보다 낮았으나 T-C함량(含量) 및 C/N률(率)은 높았으며, 속성구(速成區)가 관행구(慣行區)보다 부숙(腐熟)이 훨씬 잘 되었다. 3. 후숙기간중(後熟期間中) 부숙온도(腐熟溫度)와 C/N률(率)은 초기(初期)에 증가(增加)하였다가 그후(後) 감소(減少)하였으며 T-N 및 T-C함량(含量)은 시일(時日)이 경과(經過) 할수록 증가(增加)하였다. 4. 속성제품(速成製品)의 균일도(均一道)(위도분포(粒度分布))는 관행구(慣行區) 보다 약간(若干) 미세(微細) 하였으며 입도(粒度)는 -4.00+1.68mm가 가장 많았다. 5. 오이의 유식물(幼植物)은 속성구(速成區)가 관행구(慣行區) 보다 생육(生育)이 양호(良好)하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2007

가축용 구충제로 사용되어지고 있는 ivermectin이 토양 동물중 대표적인 비표적 생물인 지렁이(Eisenia fetida)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Ivermectin $250{\mu}g$를 피하주사한 소로부터 배출되는 우분을 1, 2, 3, 7일째 채취하여 생물검정을 시도한 결과 1, 2일째 배출된 우분은 급성 독성을 나타내어 73.7%와 98.3%의 치사율을 보였다. 또한 발육율에 있어서도 1일째 우분을 섭취한 줄지렁이의 발육이 대조군에 비해 현저히 떨어지는 것으로 나타났고, 전혀 산란을 하지 못했다. Ivermectin 처리후 1, 2 일째 배출된 우분은 지렁이에 있어 급성독성을 나타내고 2세대의 부화율에도 영향을 미치지만, 3일째 이후 배출된 우분에서는 급성 및 만성독성은 나타나지 않았다. 결과적으로, ivermectin을 소에 처리하고 1, 2일째 배설된 우분에는 상당량의 ivermectin이 함유되어 지렁이등과 같은 분해성 비표적 생물의 발육에 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 관찰되어 초지에서 영양물질 순환의 차원에서나 지렁이 먹이로써의 우분에 대한 관리가 요망되는 바이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2012

An experiment was set to understand the seedlings growth and nodulation capabilities of five potentially important leguminous agroforestry tree species of Bangladesh in response to application of organic fertilizer. Study was carried out in nursery bed on the seedlings of Acacia mangium Willd., Acacia hybrid, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth, Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. after sowing their seeds in polybags filled with different medium. Farmyard manure or decomposed cow dung was applied as the source of organic fertilizer with other potting media. The growth and nodulation performance of seedlings of the selected species were measured three moths after the first seed was emerged. The different soil: organic manure ratios' used during the experiment were, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. The effects of organic fertilizer on growth and nodulation were compared to that of seedlings grown in control. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and the different doses of organic fertilization (i.e. seedling growth was enhanced significantly with different treatments containing higher proportion of organic fertilizer). In few cases a negative effect was observed after applying higher levels of organic manure. It was also apparent that the nodulation in terms of nodule number and size was inhibited significantly by the application of organic fertilizer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.739-747
• /
• 2016

The rational utilization of crop straw as a raw material for natural gas production is of economic significance. In order to increase the efficiency of biogas production from agricultural straw, seasonal restrictions must be overcome. Therefore, the potential for biogas production via anaerobic straw digestion was assessed by exposing fresh, silage, and dry yellow corn straw to cow dung liquid extract as a nitrogen source. The characteristics of anaerobic corn straw digestion were comprehensively evaluated by measuring the pH, gas production, chemical oxygen demand, methane production, and volatile fatty acid content, as well as applying a modified Gompertz model and high-throughput sequencing technology to the resident microbial community. The efficiency of biogas production from fresh straw (433.8 ml/g) was higher than that of production from straw silage and dry yellow straw (46.55 ml/g and 68.75 ml/g, respectively). The cumulative biogas production from fresh straw, silage straw, and dry yellow straw was 365 l^-1 g^-1 VS, 322 l^-1 g^-1 VS, and 304 l^-1 g^-1 VS, respectively, whereas cumulative methane production was 1,426.33%, 1,351.35%, and 1,286.14%, respectively, and potential biogas production was 470.06 ml^-1 g^-1 VS, 461.73 ml^-1 g^-1 VS, and 451.76 ml^-1 g^-1 VS, respectively. Microbial community analysis showed that the corn straw was mainly metabolized by acetate-utilizing methanogens, with Methanosaeta as the dominant archaeal community. These findings provide important guidance to the biogas industry and farmers with respect to rational and efficient utilization of crop straw resources as material for biogas production.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2022

Hymenodictyon orixensis (Roxb.) Mabberley (locally known as Bhutum in Bangladesh) is both an ecologically and economically valuable multipurpose tree species for afforestation and reforestation programs in Bangladesh. Seed germination and seedling development study of H. orixense were conducted to find out the response to different growing medium, e.g., polybag (15×10 cm (T₀) and 20×15 cm (T₁)), sand medium in propagator house (T₂), conventional nursery bed (T₃), and root trainer (T₄) in the Nursery. Consequently, germination behavior and seedling morphological parameters of H. orixense were assessed. The results revealed that the sand medium of the propagator house (T₂) provided the highest germination % (58.57±22.30) and the highest germination energy (11.43±2.43) followed by seedlings growing in 20×15 cm polybags (T1) containing forest topsoil and cow-dung at a ratio of 3:1. Except for germination energy, germination values, and germination capacity, other seed biology parameters, particularly imbibition, germination period, germination rate, and plant survival percent in T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ were significantly (p<0.05) different from T₀. Each phenotypic parameter of seedlings and dry matter of shoot and root significantly differed from control except root length (p<0.992). Based on this study, Polybags of 20×15 cm size are regarded as the best medium for quality seedling development of H. orixense. The nursery bed (T₃) had the lowest germination performance and developed more inferior quality seedlings. Thereby, 20×15 cm size of polybags with conventional soil and cow-dung media is recommended for maximum germination and to grow the quality seedlings of H. orixense in the Nursery.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2009

Study on the removal of Acid Green 20 by adsorption on indigenously prepared activated carbons from cow dung, mango stone, parthenium leaves and commercial activated carbon have been carried out with an aim to obtain information on treating effluents from tanneries. The effects of various experimental parameters have been investigated by following the batch adsorption technique. Adsorption data was modeled with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Removal of Acid Green 20 was found to be favorable using Biomass ash and could be considered as alternatives to commercial activated carbon for the treatment of tannery effluents, especially for the removal of dye(s).