• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1979

The objectives of this study have been conducted to establish effective clinical teaching program to I.C.U in terms of proper assignment of the clients for the students, proper rotation schedule, priorities in critical nursing problems and selection of the teaching and learning. We have analyzed statistically 1,850 patients who have been admitted during a period from January 1977 to October 31 1979 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion to the total inpatients number was 6.5% and mortality rate was 16.3%. 2. The average hospitalized days were 5.8 days in I.C.U and the total death was occured from 1 st hospital day to 5th hospital day. So it shows a certain difficulties for clinical experiences of the senior students in I.C.U. 3. In the age of the death, 41.3% of the patients were in the 41-60 year age group. It shows highest mortality rate in socially active and productive age groups. 4. The mortality rates of the departments of the medicine was 18.7%, general surgery 18.5%, and neurosurgery 14.7%. 5. The number of patients admitted to the department of neurosystem was 30.6%, cardiovascular system 22.6%, respiratory system 11.1 ％ and urinary system 2.9%. 6. On utilizing instruments and machine for diagnosis and client's assessment in I.C.U, they have utilized everything a usual. But they never utilize angiogram and cardiac catheterization in cardiovascular system, and retroperitoneal pneumography in the urologic system. Further more we would recommend as follows 1. In consideration of the average hospital days and the date of death, the rotation program for clincal experience need to be adjusted as continuing practice program in apposite to current alternative practice program for comprehensive nursing care. 2. Socioeconomic needs for the patient's families and himself should be emphasized by the students in addition to physical needs. 3. Course content for critical care might be built up in considering of core disease centered nursing problems. 4. The diagnostic procedures and client's assessment items which could not experience in our university hospital by the students might be considered and refilled as filled trips to another hospital and visual aids.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-48
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• 2017

The aim of this paper was to determine the utilization of online information resources by undergraduate students in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. It was undertaken specifically with the objectives of identifying the online information resources used; academic purposes for their use, extent, problems and strategies for improving the academic use of the resources by undergraduate students. Descriptive survey was used as the research design. The population of this study comprises of all 25,657 regular registered undergraduate students in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The sample for this study comprises 2500 students which is 10% of the population. The results of the study shows that most of the online information resources are not used by the undergraduate students. Just a few of them are highly used. Some of the academic purposes for the use of the resources include to do course assignment and project works and to stay up-to-date on social events. The major problems responsible for the low utilisation of the resources include incessant power failure, limited available computers in the university library, and server's low bandwidth. Based on the findings, maintenance of uninterrupted power supply, provision of enough computers in the library; constant upgrade of server's bandwidth and many more were recommended as the strategies for improving the use of online information resources by undergraduate students in UNN. The implication of this study lies in the fact that solutions to the problems raised would be helpful to the university management, librarians and students in ensuring maximum and adequate provision and effective utilisation of online information a resources in the library.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and the nature of biological nursing science education for clinical nurses in general hospital. Methods: Five advanced general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were conveniently sampled. Contents of education for nurses conducted by the hospital nursing department from January 1 to December 31 of 2015 were collected. Contents of education included biological nursing science and the scope of inclusion and time of assignment were analyzed. Results: A total of 271 cases of nursing education data were collected and 223 cases were analyzed after excluding 48 cases whose contents were not confirmed. Biological nursing science was included in the contents of education for 117 cases (52.5%), but not for 106 cases (47.5%). Regarding the frequency of the biological nursing science education contents, 'pathophysiology'was the most frequently included (n= 286), followed by 'structure and function of the human body' (n= 191), 'mechanisms and effects of drugs' (n= 114) and 'clinical microbiology' (n= 43). Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that the education for clinical nurses included a lot of biological nursing science related contents. These results can be used as basis for the development of curriculum and training course for nurses.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 영어 듣기와 읽기 수업을 위한 블렌디드 러닝에서 학생들의 학습행태를 파악함으로써 그 교육적 효과를 진단하는 사례연구이다. 연구대상은 Academic English Listening and Reading 과목을 수강했던 75명의 학생이며 연구도구는 2차례 실시한 설문이다. 연구 결과 영어듣기를 위한 온라인 수업에서 학생들은 스크립트를 보거나 교수 동영상 강의를 보고 듣기 퀴즈를 풀고 있었으며, 예습의 역할을 하고 있는 스크립트 요약 과제의 경우 번역본을 찾아보는 등의 바람직하지 않은 학습행태를 형성했음을 알 수 있었다. 반면 오프라인 수업에서 학생들은 조별활동에 성실하게 참여했으며 교수 해설 강의에 잘 집중하는 모습을 보여주었다. 따라서 학생들의 바람직하지 않은 온라인 수업의 학습행태를 감안할 때 이 블렌디드 러닝은 면대면 수업에 비하여 교육적 효과가 떨어진다고 판단되었다. 이에 이러한 부정적인 학습행태를 개선하기 위한 해결책들을 논의하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.293-305
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to measure cognitive load levels by analyzing the EEG of Koreans and foreigners, when they read a Korean text with care selected by level from the grammar and vocabulary aspects, and compare the cognitive load levels through quantitative values. The study results can be utilized as basic data for more scientific approach, when Korean texts or books are developed, and an evaluation method is built, when the foreigners encounter them for learning or an assignment. Background: Based on 2014, the number of the foreign students studying in Korea was 84,801, and they increase annually. Most of them are from Asian region, and they come to Korea to enter a university or a graduate school in Korea. Because those foreign students aim to learn within Universities in Korea, they receive Korean education from their preparation for study in Korea. To enter a university in Korea, they must acquire grade 4 or higher level in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK), or they need to complete a certain educational program at each university's affiliated language institution. In such a program, the learners of the Korean language receive Korean education based on texts, except speaking domain, and the comprehension of texts can determine their academic achievements in studying after they enter their desired schools (Jeon, 2004). However, many foreigners, who finish a language course for the short-term, and need to start university study, cannot properly catch up with university classes requiring expertise with the vocabulary and grammar levels learned during the language course. Therefore, reading education, centered on a strategy to understand university textbooks regarded as top level reading texts to the foreigners, is necessary (Kim and Shin, 2015). This study carried out an experiment from a perspective that quantitative data on the readers of the main player of reading education and teaching materials need to be secured to back up the need for reading education for university study learners, and scientifically approach educational design. Namely, this study grasped the difficulty level of reading through the measurement of cognitive loads indicated in the reading activity of each text by dividing the difficulty of a teaching material (book) into eight levels, and the main player of reading into Koreans and foreigners. Method: To identify cognitive loads indicated upon reading Korean texts with care by Koreans and foreigners, this study recruited 16 participants (eight Koreans and eight foreigners). The foreigners were limited to the language course students studying the intermediate level Korean course at university-affiliated language institutions within Seoul Metropolitan Area. To identify cognitive load, as they read a text by level selected from the Korean books (difficulty: eight levels) published by King Sejong Institute (Sejonghakdang.org), the EEG sensor was attached to the frontal love (Fz) and occipital lobe (Oz). After the experiment, this study carried out a questionnaire survey to measure subjective evaluation, and identified the comprehension and difficulty on grammar and words. To find out the effects on schema that may affect text comprehension, this study controlled the Korean texts, and measured EEG and subjective satisfaction. Results: To identify brain's cognitive load, beta band was extracted. As a result, interactions (Fz: p =0.48; Oz: p =0.00) were revealed according to Koreans and foreigners, and difficulty of the text. The cognitive loads of Koreans, the readers whose mother tongue is Korean, were lower in reading Korean texts than those of the foreigners, and the foreigners' cognitive loads became higher gradually according to the difficulty of the texts. From the text four, which is intermediate level in difficulty, remarkable differences started to appear in comparison of the Koreans and foreigners in the beginner's level text. In the subjective evaluation, interactions were revealed according to the Koreans and foreigners and text difficulty (p =0.00), and satisfaction was lower, as the difficulty of the text became higher. Conclusion: When there was background knowledge in reading, namely schema was formed, the comprehension and satisfaction of the texts were higher, although higher levels of vocabulary and grammar were included in the texts than those of the readers. In the case of a text in which the difficulty of grammar was felt high in the subjective evaluation, foreigners' cognitive loads were also high, which shows the result of the loads' going up higher in proportion to the increase of difficulty. This means that the grammar factor functions as a stress factor to the foreigners' reading comprehension. Application: This study quantitatively evaluated the cognitive loads of Koreans and foreigners through EEG, based on readers and the text difficulty, when they read Korean texts. The results of this study can be used for making Korean teaching materials or Korean education content and topic selection for foreigners. If research scope is expanded to reading process using an eye-tracker, the reading education program and evaluation method for foreigners can be developed on the basis of quantitative values.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

조영제를 사용한 방사선과 검사의 조영제 부작용에 대한 위험성은 잘 알려져 있으며, 조영제의 부작용을 줄이기 위한 연구도 지속적으로 진행되어 왔다. 또한 조영제 부작용에 대한 사전검사를 하더라도 조영제에 의한 치명적 부작용을 예측하기 어렵다. 이러한 조영제 부작용에 대한 법적책임에 대하여 최근에는 의료기관개설자의 책임이 중요시되고 있다. 의료기관은 환자의 건강을 목적으로 하는 조직체이다. 그리고 조직체는 그 구성원에 의한 과실에 책임이 있다. 그러므로 의료기관개설자는 의료서비스에 대해서 기대가능한 모든 노력을 하여야 하며, 불충분 또는 불완전한 조직편성 및 진료조치가 이루어지지 않게 하여야 할 조직의무를 부담한다. 이러한 점에서 의료기관은 방사선조영검사시에 조영제를 주입하는 단계로부터 검사의 완료에 이르기까지 전과정에 충분하고도 완전한 조직편성과 적정한 진료 확보를 위한 제반조치를 취할 책임이 있다. 따라서 환자의 안전과 진료의 적정을 위하여 의료기관이 조직적으로 필요한 조치를 시행하지 않거나 불충분한 경우에는 불법행위법상 의료기관 독자적인 조직책임을 지게 되며, 의료기관의 조직의무위반은 의료기관 자신의 책임이므로 내부관계에서 의료기관종사자 개인에게 구상권을 행사할 수 없다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.593-596
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• 1997

시설내 토양으로부터 식물병원균에 활성을 갖는 길항균을 탐색하는 과정에서 주요 식물 병원균인 Phytophthora capsici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum 및 Fusarium oxysporum에 활성을 갖는 4종류의 길항균(AF1, AE2, AE3, AF4)을 분리하였다. 이들 중 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 AE2균을 동정한 결과, 생육한 균은 짙은 오렌지색과 황갈색을 띄었으며, 현미경의 morphology는 column형의 conidial head와 foot cell로 부터 곧게 뻗은 분생자와 2중층의 포자낭병을 형성했다. 그리고 MY20 agar 배지에서 투명한 둥근세포의 형성등이 Aspergillus terreus의 형태와 일치 하였다. Pot에서 병원균과 A. terreus를 동시에 처리하여 오이의 생육을 조사한 결과, 토양중량당 A. terreus의 균체를 1% 처리에 40%, 5% 처리에 57%, 10% 처리에는 75% 병발생율을 억제시켰다. 그리고 A. terreus의 배양여액으로부터 activity-guided fractionation을 실시하여 항진균성 물질인 화합물 I 을 얻었다. $^1H$, $^{13}C\;NMR$, DEPT, $^1H-^1H\;COSY$, HMQC, HMBC 및 질량스텍트럼을 분석한 결과 화합물 I 은 butyrolactone I (${\alpha}$-oxo-${\beta}$-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-${\gamma}$-(p-hydroxy-m-3,3-dimethyl-allylbenzyl)-${\gamma}$-methoxycarbonyl-${\gamma}$-butyrolactone, $C_{24}H_{24}O_7$, M.W. = 424)로 동정되었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 대학 교양과목으로 개설된 '유튜브 영상을 활용한 대학생들의 인성교육'을 수강한 대학생들에게 인성을 주제로 한 UCC를 과제로 제작하는 것이다. 최근 학습자 교육의 패러다임 전환 속에서도 여전히 교수자 중심의 교육이 학습자의 참여의욕을 저해한다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 학습자주도의 UCC 제작과정은 효과적인 학습자 중심교육의 실천을 위해 필요하다 할 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 현상학적 연구방법을 적용하였다. 연구 참여자들은 10명이고 자료수집을 위해 심층면담을 실시하였으며. 수집된 자료는 Colaizzi의 연구방법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 9개의 주제와 4개의 주제 묶음, 그리고 2개의 범주로 도출되었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 연구 참여자들은 UCC 과제가 바른 생각과 행동으로의 실천 그리고 인성 개념의 재정립 등 성숙의 장으로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 그들은 UCC 제작 과정이 자존감을 높여주는 기회가 되었다고 하였다. 셋째, 그들은 UCC 과제가 자신을 넘어 타인에게 관심을 기울이는 계기가 되었다고 인식함으로 보다 성숙해진 인성을 보여주었다. 넷째, 그들은 UCC 과제를 수행하면서 주제 선정에 가장 큰 어려움을 겪었고, UCC 제작의 기술적인 미숙으로 인해 질 좋은 과제의 한계를 경험하고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 학습자들이 주도하여 제작하는 과제개발의 필요성과 이를 공유할 수 있는 상호작용의 장이 마련될 때, 보다 효과적인 인성교육을 기대할수 있다는 시사점을 제공한다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-111
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• 1995

In our society today, a variety of medical caring system, along with a scientific development in the area of oriental medical science plus national demand, has increased the augmentation and the opening of oriental wards and hospitals (Han Bang), which has come to create an additional requirement of nursing activity at oriental medicine wards should be different from that of the general wards or the same as the other. In view of this, various studies need to be made in this connection. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the number of nurses who want to work at oriental medicine wards and measure job satisfaction in nursing as compared with those working at general wards so as to provide basic materials for future assignment and supplementary training for the nurses. An attempt was made to contribute toward nursing administration on the one hand improving nursing training course on the other hand. A total of 72 nurses currently working at two oriental medicine hospitals available in Seoul and 82 general nurses were selected for this study using the questionaire from December 1993 to January 1994. An instrument for the study was based on the measurement of work satisfaction developed by Paula L. Stamps including 37 questions complemented by Kim for revision (1993) and 14 questions regarding general characteristics and oriental medicine wards. The instrument to test dependability showed Cronbach's=0.7711. The collected data have been processed by computer package SPSS. General characteristics of the two groups and the matters involved in oriental medicine wards were calculated into real figure and percentage an similarities between the two groups were analyzed by t-test and F-test according to the characteristics of variables. The comparative test on work satisfaction among the two groups including general characteristics and work factors were conducted by t-test and F-test. The major findings as a result of the study are as follows : 1. As general characteristics, age group of $26{\sim}30$ years are more than any segment of age. As to marital status, the number of those in single status is slightly higher than the married. Approximately 80% of them are graduates of nursing schools and nursing colleges. They are mostly in service for one to three years. There is no significant difference between the two groups. 2. The number of those who want to work at oriental medicine wards represents 40.3% against 58.4%, being in favor of general wards. 3. The reason for service at oriental medicine wards is that "there is room for potential research" which happened to rank first, followed by "easy job," "good working atmosphere" and "growing interest in oriental medicine." 4. Work satisfactions among nurses who work at oriental medicine wards prove greater than that of nurses who work at general wards. 5. Work satisfaction between the two groups by work factors is reflected with significant difference statistically on task requirement, interaction and doctor-nurse relationships. 6. The general charcateristics and the work satisfaction by work factors prove that there are significant difference in age, marital status, education and the period of work. They tend to be more satisfied with the work as they grow in age. Significant differneces are found in the work factors such as autonomy, adiministration and professional job in the relationship with doctor-nurse. As to marital status, the married are more satisfied than the unmarried. There are significant differneces in the factors respecting administration and doctor-nurse college graduates are highly satisfied with task requirement. However, satisfaction with the professional level has proven the highest degree for those having master degree. The period of work and satisfaction : There are significant differneces in task requirement, administration, interactions, professional level and doctor-nurse relationships. As a general rule, the degree of satisfactions is in proportion to the lengrh of service. The following conclusions are drawn based on the fndings mentioned above. Even though the work satisfaction of the nurse who work at oriental medicine ward is relatively high, it is desired that personal consultation be given as to disposition of nurses when they are assigned to oriental medicine wards. It is also recommended that lectures on oriental medicine be conducted through supplementary training and/or basic nursing course in order that they may be motivated for ingenious activities with an increasing sense of self-esteem which will eventually enhance positive changes for the patients who are in need of oriental medicine nursing and for the medical teams. In addition, joint reseaches involvingclinical care and education should be in constant process for unique and scientific development for those who are subject to oriental medicine nursing care.

• 직업교육연구
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2018

이 연구는 직업훈련 부정 예방교육(이하 '예방교육')에 참여한 훈련기관 관계자의 만족도 조사를 통하여 개선방안을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2017년 집합교육과 이러닝으로 실시하는 예방교육에 참여한 훈련기관 관계자를 대상으로(5,939명) 만족도 조사를 실시하였다(4,263명). 최종적으로 회수된 유효 응답자료(4,237명)를 기술통계 및 회귀분석 등을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 훈련기관 관계자가 인식한 교육서비스 품질(4.42)과 만족도(4.44), 이해도(4.44) 및 도움도(4.45)는 모두 매우 높고, 교육서비스 품질을 구성하는 하위요인도 4점 이상으로 모두 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 방법별 교육서비스 품질과 만족도, 이해도 및 도움도는 집합교육에 비해 이러닝으로 참여한 훈련기관 관계자의 인식도가 모든 변인에서 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 예방교육 서비스 품질 하위요인 모두는 집합교육과 이러닝에서 각각 만족도, 이해도, 도움도에 영향을 미치는데, 교육서비스 품질 하위요인 중에서 만족도, 이해도, 도움도에 공통적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 집합교육에서는 교육내용이, 이러닝에서는 자료구성으로 나타났다. 넷째, 예방교육에서 추가적으로 희망하는 교육내용은 부정훈련 사례(70.7%), 처분규정(47.9%), NCS과정 운영 유의사항(32.8%), 훈련운영 우수사례(32.4%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 추가 요구사항에서도 심화과정 개설, 훈련생 대상 부정 예방교육 콘텐츠 제공, 이러닝에서 집중할 수 있는 화면전환 및 시스템 안정성 등이 추가적으로 제기되었다. 따라서 이 연구의 제언으로는 첫째, 집합교육에 비해 이러닝의 만족도 등이 더 높게 나타난 것을 반영하여, 예방교육 이러닝을 보다 활성화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 예방교육 만족도와 이해도 및 도움도에 공통적으로 가장 큰 영향을 주고, 희망사항 및 기타의견에서도 교육내용에 대한 보완이 제시되고 있어, 예방교육 내용을 다양화 하여 보다 풍부하게 제공할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 집합교육에서 교육내용 다음으로 만족도 등에 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 전달방법과 교육장소로 나타난 바, 전달력이 뛰어난 강사 배정과 편의성 등을 고려한 교육장소 마련이 필요가 있다. 넷째, 이러닝에서 자료구성 다음으로 이해도와 도움도에 공통적으로 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 운영자지원으로 나타난 바, 보다 활발한 운영자 지원활동이 요구된다. 다섯째, 직업훈련에 참여하는 훈련생을 대상으로 한 부정훈련 예방활동도 요구되며, 여섯째, 예방교육의 내용을 보다 체계적으로 구성하기 위하여 교육 요구도 분석을 수행할 필요가 있다.