• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to objectify the shape of curvature and average change rate of angular and arched eyebrow makeup. The data for the analysis were the final 336 pieces for the cosmetology students in the whole country. SPSS 20.0 program was used for the collected data, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and crossover analysis were performed. First, the frequency of the average change rate of eyebrow makeup (angular and arcuate) was analyzed. As a result, the eyebrows suitable for the angled type showed the highest level of 'A-2' and the arched eyebrows had the highest level of 'B-2'. Second, to analyze the important factors of eyebrow makeup, frequency of eyebrows was the most important, followed by the inclination of eyebrows and eyebrow tail. Third, factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to examine each dimension of eyebrow makeup perception, and it was derived from three factors including acceptability, aggressiveness, and playability. Fourth, in order to analyze the difference of important factors in the form of the standard eyebrow makeup, the cross - analysis was performed with chi - square test, and it was confirmed that the angular eyebrow makeup showed the most objectivity when the average change rate was 0.29 and the curvature was 0.67. Fifth, arcuate eyebrow makeup showed the most objectivity when the average change rate was 0.57 and curvature was 0.56. The results of this analysis can be used as objective data of aesthetic criteria when designing the eyebrow shape.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

For twenty years, in the EU there has been a trend of a lack of maritime infrastructure and a redundance of the road one, which has a negative impact on the economy. The intermodal transport market structure in the EU has not changed over the past ten years. The stability of transport systems due to the lack of changes in the transport market remains under threat, affecting supply chains and networks through the optimization of warehousing and transportation costs. The research methodology is based on a quantitative assessment of cause-and-effect relations between economic growth and transport and logistics in the EU. A statistical analysis of security indicators, intermodal and modal transport, international trade in goods within the EU and in the world trade in goods, the dynamics of GDP of the EU countries, the level of openness of the EU economy, investment and maintenance costs of different modes of transport and infrastructure has been carried out. The results show that in 2000- 2010 there were positive changes in the transport and logistics infrastructure of the EU, which had a positive effect on trade, openness of the economy of the EU, GDP growth. However, at that time, negative effects of environmental impact and the load on road and rail transport were accumulating. Investment in different modes of transport is limited, and technical maintenance and infrastructure maintenance costs form a significant part of GDP of the EU. A slowdown in economic growth leads to budget constraints and infrastructure financing gap. As a result, the freight and passenger intermodal and modal transport market structure remains virtually unchanged. The load on rail and road transport remains stable, despite the reduced level of transport hazards. Transport productivity has declined over the past ten years. Herewith, the intensification of trade and the openness of the EU economies require constant modernization and innovative renewal. The EU policy in this direction remains normative, uncontrolled, which is reflected in investment differences within the EU and maintenance costs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1133-1143
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• 2012

Currently, Many Cyber Security Centers(CSC) are established and being operated in our country. But, in the absence of indicators to evaluate activities of the Managed Security Service(MSS), We can't identify the CSC's level of overall job performance. Therefore, we can't derive strengths and weaknesses from the CSC. From these reasons, The purpose of this research is to develop an objective indicator to evaluate activities of the MSS. I studied both international and domestic Information Security Management System(ISMS) as related standards(ISO/IEC 27001, G-ISMS). Moreover, I analysed the NIST Computer Security Incident Handing Guide and the Incident Management Capability Metrics(IMCM) of Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute(SEI). The implications for this analysis and domestic hands-on experience are reflected in the research. So I developed 10 evaluation domains and 62 detail evaluation items. This research will contribute to our understanding the level of the CSC's job performance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2021

Modern small farms are important link components in the structure of the world agro-industrial complex. It ensures the food and nutritional sustainability of the country exclusively at the local regional level. The purpose of the research is to examine the role of farming in ensuring nutritional security and food stability based on the analysis of the Food Sustainability Index (FSI). Research methods: modeling, abstraction, analogy, analysis, synthesis, formalization, logical abstraction, theoretical cognition, systematization and classification, abstract-logical, etc. Results. Having analyzed the Food Sustainability Index for 2018, it has been established that there is a lack of a clear relationship between the pace of economic development and the level of food and nutritional sustainability. In addition, this study has identified the countries with the largest number of small farms, as well as the number of farms within the region. The correlation between the size of the farm and the area of agricultural land that it cultivates has been determined. The problems faced by small farms in the process of their activity have been analyzed. The programs implemented in the field of agro-industrial complex development by international profile institutions have been systematized. Particularly, the regional structure of agricultural development programs under the guidance of IFAD is defined, as well as the areas to which they are directed. Specific measures taken by governments to stimulate the development of small farms have been outlined. Reasonable conclusions have been formed based on the study. The direction of future research is seen in the assessment of the export potential of small farms in terms of range, volume of export deliveries and geographical direction of movement of their products.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.543-556
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence multicultural adolescents' proficiency in their mother's native language, or their immigrant mother's native language. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed on data from the survey answered by 1,028 multicultural adolescents aged 15 years old and whose mothers were from foreign countries for the 6th Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) in 2016. The main results are as follows. First, multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency was generally low and significant differences were observed according to their gender, parents' educational level, household income, and mother's native country. More specifically, a higher proficiency in minority language was found for girls than boys, adolescents with a higher parental educational level, adolescents with a higher income, and adolescents whose mothers were from Japan or China, compared with those from the Philippines, Thailand, or Vietnam. Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency and 1) foreign culture acceptance, 2) parent's educational support, and 3) the use of the minority language at home. Third, foreign culture acceptance, parents' educational support, and the use of the minority language at home were predictors of multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency. The study is meaningful in that it examined multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency, elucidating their bilingual development, whereas previous studies have only focused on their proficiency in Korean, which is the majority language.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.304-316
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• 2022

Background: As prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in healthcare settings has become a critical component in its effective management, COVID-19 specific infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines were developed and implemented by numerous countries. Although largely based on the current evidence-base, guidelines show much heterogeneity, as they are influenced by respective health system capacities, epidemiological risk, and socioeconomic status. This study aims to analyze the variations and concurrences of these guidelines to draw policy implications for COVID-19 response and future guidelines development. Methods: The contents of the COVID-19 IPC guidelines were analyzed using the categories and codes developed based on "World Health Organization guidelines on core components." Data analysis involved reviewing, appraising and synthesizing data from guidelines, which were then arranged into categories and codes. Selection of countries was based on the country income level, availability of COVID-19 specific IPC guideline developed at a national or district level. Results: The guidelines particularly agreed on IPC measures regarding application of standard precautions and providing information to patients and visitors, monitoring and audit of IPC activities and staff illnesses, and management of built environment/equipments. The guidelines showed considerable differences in certain components, such as workplace safety measures and criteria for discontinuation of precautions. Several guidelines also contained unique features which enabled a more systematic response to COVID-19. Conclusion: The guidelines generally complied with the current evidence-based COVID-19 management but also revealed variances stemming from differences in local health system capacity. Several unique features should be considered for benchmark in future guidelines development.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

Tuvalu is a small reef islands country in the Pacific Ocean. Its coastal regions are very much dynamic due to the profound effects of tropical cyclones and sea level rise (SLR). However, research works on coastline dynamics of Tuvalu mainly cover its capital, Funafuti. Therefore, this review summarizes the extent of long-term coastal changes in different islets of Funafuti and on overall Tuvalu. In Funafuti, highly accreting areas are Te Afualiku, Fuafatu, Motugie, and Amatuku, and highly eroding areas are Fuagea and Tefala with the fully disappeared islet of Vasafua after 2005. However, in spite of different causes and supposition of scientists on disappearing these lands the accretion is more dominant than erosion which resulted in 7.3% net increase of land areas of Tuvalu over 117 years till 2015. Severe tropical cyclones mainly caused accretion of land areas by forming coral rubble rampart formation and further reworks and erosion to small sandy islands whereas frequent low-energy cyclones mainly caused erosion. Though, till now severe erosion of coastal areas are not evident by global SLR, islets of Funafuti experienced remarkable shoreline increase as formation of 30-40 m wide rubble rampart formation along 19 km in 1971 by tropical cyclone Bebe and net increase of area of 3.45 ha by tropical cyclone Pam in 2015. In spite of such overall accretion of coastal areas several scientists suspect drowning of its areas in future because of high SLR (~5.1±0.7 mm/year) at Funafuti which supposedly will not work as a breakwater anymore. Thus, protection measures should be taken to prevent coastline erosion as well as land reclamation activities should be done following the global examples.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between the viewing of sensational videos of idol stars through the mass media and the sexual openness of adolescents. Methods: This study used the 'Study on countermeasures against sexual commodification of adolescents through mass media in the smart era' conducted by the 'Korea Youth Policy Institute' in 2014 for the entire country as the main data. Variables consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects, video viewing, social support, and sexual openness. For data analysis, SPSS ver 23.0 program was used. Results: As a result of comparing the averages, male students (20.40) had higher sexual openness than female students (18.67), and high school students (20.27) had higher sexual openness than middle school students (18.05) at school level. By grade level, sexual openness increased from the first year of middle school (17.47) to the third year of high school (20.82) (p<0.001). In order to verify the mediating effect of video viewing on the effect of adolescent social support on sexual openness, 3-step mediated regression analysis and Sobel test were conducted. As a result, video viewing had a significant effect on sexual openness through social support (p<0.001). Conclusion: Rather than obscuring the environment of mass media unconditionally, creating an atmosphere according to the tendency of realistic social support and reinforcing emotional education will help prevent the adverse effects of reckless sexualization of adolescents.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

The aim of the article is to investigate socio-political processes in Ukraine on the basis of institutional and behavioral approaches, in particular their regulatory and informational support. Methodology. To determine the nature and content of sociopolitical processes, the following approaches have been used: 1. Institutional approach in order to analyze the development of Ukraine's political institutions. 2. The behavioral approach has been used for the analysis of socio-political processes in Ukraine in the context of political behavior of citizens, their political activity which forms the political culture of the country. Results. The general features of the socio-political situation in Ukraine are as follows: the formed model of government, which can be conditionally described as "presidential"; public demand for new leaders remains at a high level; the society has no common vision of further development; significant tendency of reduction of real incomes of a significant part of the society and strengthening of fiscal pressure on businessmen will get a public response after some time. Increasing levels of voice, accountability, efficiency of governance and the quality of the regulatory environment indicate a slow change in the political system, which will have a positive impact on public sentiment in the future. At the same time, there has been little change in the quality of Ukraine's institutions to ensure political stability, the rule of law and control of corruption. There are no cardinal changes in the development of the institution of property rights, protection of intellectual rights, changes in the sphere of ethics and control of corruption. Thus, Ukraine's political institutions have not been able to bring about any change in the social-political processes. Accordingly, an average level of trust and confidence of citizens in political institutions and negative public sentiment regarding their perception and future change can be traced in Ukraine.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.289-307
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• 2022

The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is used to diagnose a country's cybersecurity development level and to strengthen its cybersecurity capabilities. This paper analyzes GCI and tries to suggest a way to strengthen its effectiveness. In addition, we analyze the GCI version 1~GCI version 4 evaluation index in advance, and examine the development plan through SWOT analysis. Through this, basic principles for GCI improvement and utilization will be established, and new indicators related to the GCI version 5 questionnaire will be discovered and suggested. This paper is expected to be used as basic data for GCI performance analysis and improvement plan. In addition, it is intended to contribute to enhance the effectiveness of GCI and the nation's cybersecurity capabilities by proposing more advanced proactive and reactive indicators to be applied to the future GCI evaluations. This paper is an improvement and development for the research result of [1].