• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.357-382
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to report the effects of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students through meta-analysis of previous studies. For this research, 22 of previous studies were selected which were all conducted in the country, and calculated the effect size of 'standardized change of the mean difference' for many factors included in each research. The findings were as follows: first, the overall effect sizes of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students were .665 and .702 in the affective and cognitive domain, respectively, meaning that the self-directed and self-regulated learning programs had average or greater effects on elementary, middle, and high school students and exerted somewhat greater effects in the cognitive domain. Second, when the areas of moderating effects were divided into self-directed and self-regulated learning, the former and latter had more influences on the cognitive and affective domains, respectively. Third, the elementary school level recorded a larger effect size both in the affective and cognitive domains than the secondary school level. Fourth, the findings show that the characteristics of affective domain, "reflective thinking" and "self-confidence," recorded a very large effect size both at the elementary and secondary school levels. Finally, the programs were more effective when the application period was one to four weeks in the affective domain and more than four weeks in the cognitive domain. And, Significance and implications of this research were discussed.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.59-74
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• 2011

Despite of increasing digital materials, it is still important to collect print materials and keep their storage space for national level self supporting system as a science and technology(ST) material import country. In order to deal with the storage space issue, we conducted a ST material storage space and its expanding plan for Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI). This paper examined first the domestic and overseas standard for the library stack space, analyzed current KISTI library stack space, and finally forecasted its demand in 2020 based on the increasing rate of the stack space. The expanding plans are suggested at the individual library level and also at the cooperative library storage facilities. The results of this paper will help that other libraries diagnose the present status and forecast the future library stack space when they face with the similar problems as it is examined in the KISTI case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate demographic profiles between the consumer group under high time pressure(HTP) and the group under low time pressure(LTP) during the shopping, to examine the level of association between the fashion information sources and time pressure variable, to determine the difference in clothing benefits sought between HTP and LTP, and to determine the difference in purchase criteria. We distributed questionnaires to 600 women aged in 20-65. The reliable 562 questionnaires were used for a statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on t-test, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and Chi square test. We obtained the following results: There was a significant association between demographic variables such as age, occupation, education, residence area, & family cycle and time pressure variable. Fashion information sources were classified into 4 factors. HTP searched information on fashion products using more various sources than LTP did. There was also a significant difference between HTP and LTP in clothing benefit sought. Four clothing benefit factors such as trendy/social position, economic value, protection/comfort, and makeup of body shape were sought more by HTP than by LTP. In addition, HTP considered significantly more purchase criteria such as color/pattern, comfort, quality, suitability, material, sewing finishing, coordination, price, brand, easy care, and country of origin than LTP.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

Since the appearance of moving images, the expansion of mass media such as 1V or VCR has made the pace and range of spreading information to people faster and widely popular. Recendy, the development of digital image technique has resulted in solving the problem -great defect- of the display quality of analogue system; special effects by means of computer graphics have risen to a higher quality level; showed the new direction of digital image; and popular wi1h people all c:Ner the world. This paper reestablishes the notion of image up to now, and analyses the technical differences between analogue system and digital system on the basis of the SpecifIC property and skill of digital image editing; it also studies the special effects which can be applied to the image editing software. Moreover, in researdting 1V advertising, the special effects by digital system in use in 1his country today complies with the statistics in their own field. The special effects in 1V advertising is performed at a higher standard by a professional production. Accordingly, with the help of technology of digital moving image, the special effects are expected to continue developing into a level of high quality

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.459-468
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• 2016

This study analyzed in depth the students' health fitness trend characteristics based on the per generation characteristics longitudinal grade level document that was produced by collecting heath fitness measurements of students from all over the country for the purpose of exploring the appropriate wellness management plan. The following conclusion was derived through the collected materials and results according to the research purpose and method. First, it was determined that muscular endurance trends for both boys and girls in their elementary school period were similar for the current generation and the previous one, but as they went through their middle school period their muscular endurance development levels were found to be reduced compared with the previous generation students. Second, there was no difference in the cardiorespiratory endurance trends between the current and the previous generation students, unlike all other physical factors. Third, the boys displayed deteriorated reflex development during their growth period compared with their previous generation counterparts. On the other hand, girls displayed mostly stagnant development once they reached 8th grade level within their generation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1992

The purpose of this survey is to grasp the special school therapeutic education teachers, stress degrees in the real educational fields, and to campare the different stress degrees by the teaching responsibilities, by set by age, by the careers of special teaching profession, by his or her assiduity by the academic careers and teacher qualification, and by the reasons of stress. To perform this survey, the writer analyzed the answer sheets of the questionnairs returned by 85 special school therapeutic education teachers all over the country. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the mean value of stress by the whole teachers was shown as endurable, and there was no difference among stress towels by the teaching responsibilities. As for the ratio of teachers confronted with the dangerous level of stress. the teachers taking charge of feebleminded school teachers the highest ratio, and those charging of deaf & dumb school teachers, the lowest. Second, the comparison by age didn't result in any difference, but in the relation of age to the handicap division there appeared meaningful differences. That is in the case of the therapeutic education theachers charging of crippled school, it revealed that the older they were, the more stress they suffered. In the case of the teachers charging of visually deaf & dumb school the tendency was opposite. The comparison by the special teaching profession careers, there showed no difference in the stress degree. The high or low academic careers didn't make any influence on the therapeutic education teachers stress degree. Third, The revealed on the highest stress degress, because reasons of relation the student's parents with students behavior.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2018

Poncirus Fructus (PF) is obtained by drying the trifoliate orange fruit belonging to the Rutaceae family. In our country of medicine, PF has been used as a treatment of indigestion, allergy and inflammation. But Mechanism and medical data for PF is insignificant. Recently, the effect of the study PF of biological activity was reported, such as anti- thrombosis, anti-bacteria, anti-virus, anti- allergic. We investigated that the effect of PF on anti-inflammatory in murine macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 cells. Our results show that the expression level of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Matrix-metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) significantly decreased. Moreover, to determine the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the phosphorylation pattern of signaling molecules of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, we performed ELISA and westren blot in Raw264.7 cells. In addition, nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway was confirmed. PF extract inhibited the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6. The extract suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. Our results suggest that PF can be used as a potential therapeutic agent or functional food to relieve inflammation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

In these days, frequency of constructions on e freeway are increasing according as growing of the importance of e road maintenance and the road management. Work zone on the freeway where vehicles pass with high speed needs control method of lane closure and construction equipment. Because there are seldom researches in domestic study about reflecting characteristics of domestic road, sometimes we have applied for foreign cases to our traffic circumstance but it is not proper to apply for standard of other countries in our cases. foreign nation has different country square, condition of road, and level of people mind. Therefore, this study shows traffic accident characteristics in freeway work zones in Korea. At first, this study collected traffic accident data which include for 3 years $2003{\sim}2005$ in the whole freeway in Korea and then divided the data to five parts - level of the accident, type of the construction work, type of the accident, reason of the accident, according to geometric. According to comparing with non-work zones accident, this study found traffic accident characteristics in freeway work zones in Korea and suggested some alternative ideas for safety of work zones.

• Survey Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2011

Mortality for oldest-old age (aged 80 or over) in Korea has never been studied mainly due to lack of data leaving its quality aside. The rapid aging recently occurring in Korea, which no other country has never experienced, must introduce a drastic change in the structure of future population pyramid, requring a careful investigation on mortality level, pattern, and trend for the oldest-old age in Korea. For mortality trend, we need to extend the past mortality data, which has provided only an open-ended age interval 80 or 85 years and over, to age-specific mortality up to 115 years old. A prerequisite for such an extension is constructing a Korean standard mortality by which one can figure out the mortality level and pattern of the oldest-old age. A Korean standard mortality is proposed by applying one relational model and eleven functions from which we select best models for each sex in terms of three measures of fits and three consistencies of mortality. Then we extend the mortality of the open-ended age intervals by providing a method to avoid the longitudinal consistency of mortality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.736-744
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• 2009

The abrupt failure of slope caused by a concentrated rainfall would be a disaster in this country. Specially, the soil slope may be collapsed by the rainfall seepage, however, there is not much information for the mechanism of slope failure during rainfall. As analyzing the stability of slope by rainfall, the conventional method is to put the ground-water level on the surface of slope. However, it may provide the over-reinforcement for the slope stability. Futhermore, although over-reinforcement for the slope was fulfilled, the possibility of potential slope failure still exists. In this study, the slope stability by the conventional design method and the causes of unstable slope during rainfall were investigated. To analyze the slope stability by rainfall, the computer program SEEP/W for the analysis of seepage was used. As changing the intensity and duration of rainfall in SEEP/W, the analysis were performed. After completion of analysis, the porewater pressure data from SEEP/W was applied to SLOPE/W. As a results of this analysis, it is not reasonable that the groundwater level is going up to the surface of slope during rainfall. Therefore, the conventional reinforcement for the slope stability is not obvious to satisfy the criterion safety factor during rainfall. The reasonable counterplan is to install drainage hole on the surface of slope in order to prevent erosion and debris flow.