• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.170-179
• /
• 1994

Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease, is closely related to lipid nutrition , Data from well known epidemiological studies including Seven Country , Framinghsam Study and several intervention trials have confirmed that serum cholesterol is the major risk factor and elevation of LDL-cholesterol level is most undesriable. On the basis of results concurring in that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol increase serum cholesterol while polyunsaturated fat decrease it, changes in serum choesterol level have been predicted by regression equations developed by Keys et al. and other investigators. Effects of individual fatty acids on the level of serum cholesterol have been further differentiated by chain length, cis-trans isomers and n-6 vs n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them the effect of n-3 fatty acids has been well recogniaed as antiplatelet activity, thus reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis. Role of vitamin E in prevention of atherosclerosis has been evovled from works showing that LDL oxdiation stimulates formation of ateroma and also from epidemiologic studies. Dietary recommendations at present are : (ⅰ) 30 and 10 cal % as upper limit of total and saturated fat intakes, respectively (ⅱ) no more than 300 mg cholesterol/day, (ⅲ) 1-2 g of n-3 fatty acid/day and (ⅳ) some increase RDA of vitamin E which is 8-10 TE.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1153-1164
• /
• 2008

The ozone data is one of the important environmental data for measurement of the atmospheric condition of the country. In this article, the Autoregressive Error (ARE) model have been considered for analyzing the ozone data at the northern part of the Gyeonggi-Do, Uijeongbu monitoring site in Korea. The result showed that both overall and monthly ARE models are suited for describing the ozone concentration. In the ARE model, seven meteorological variables and four pollution variables are used as the as the explanatory variables for the ozone data set. The seven meteorological variables are daily maximum temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall, dew point temperature, steam pressure, and amount of cloud. The four air pollution explanatory variables are Sulfur dioxide(SO2), Nitrogen dioxide(NO2), Cobalt(CO), and Promethium 10(PM10). Also, the high level ozone data (over 80ppb) have been analyzed four ARE models, General ARE, HL ARE, PM10 add ARE, Temperature add ARE model. The result shows that the General ARE, HL ARE, and PM10 add ARE models are suited for describing the high level of ozone data.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To identify work stress and job satisfaction of the emergency medical technician (EMT) and to contribute to the improvement of emergency care under the current emergency medical law. Methods: The data were collected by questionnaire from the total 849 EMTs (635 National emergency management agency (119) workers and 214 hospital workers) throughout the whole country from January 5, to March 5, 2012. Each level of indicator calculated under 100-point-scale was compared by t-test and ANOVA. Factors affecting stress and satisfaction were analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (${\alpha}$=.05). Results: Mean level of job stress was markedly higher among 119 workers (76.9) than those in the hospital (56.6) (p<.001). Mean level of job satisfaction was higher among 119 workers (63.2) than those in the hospital (60.2) (p<.001). Conclusion: To diminish work stress and to increase job satisfaction, efforts to support the pride and to improve working condition considering the situations of the agency and to offer more education chance to keep and strengthen the specialty are needed.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.59-89
• /
• 2002

The rapid diffusion of information and telecommunication (IT) technologies during the recent decennia produced fundamental changes in the economic activity at a global level, resulting in what became coined as the "new economy". However, empirical evidence on the contribution of IT equipment to growth and productivity is at best mixed, with the more or less consistent results on the positive link between the two relating to the United States in the 1990-s. Although the empirical literature on the link between IT investment and economic performance employs a wide variety of methodologies, the overwhelming majority of the studies appears to be employing the assumption of linearity of the IT-performance relationship and predominantly explores the direct nature thereof. In this study we relax both these assumptions and find that the indirect, or aggregate productive efficiency, effects of IT investment are as important as are the direct ones The estimated non-linear nature of the indirect relationship between IT investment intensity and productive efficiency accommodates the concepts of critical mass and complementary (infrastructure) capital offered in the literature. Our key finding is that the world economy′s average level of IT investment intensity remained below the estimated critical mass. Since in this study we developed a methodology that allows one to explicitly measure the critical mass of IT investment intensity, its individual estimation at a country or industrialsector level may help evaluate the extent to which IT investment activity has to be encouraged or discouraged.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.617-627
• /
• 2021

In the field of on-road motor vehicles, the level for autonomous driving technology is defined according to J3016, proposed by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) International. However, in the field of agricultural machinery, different standards are applied by country and manufacturer, without a standardized classification for autonomous driving technology which makes it difficult to clearly define and accurately evaluate the autonomous driving technology, for agricultural machinery. In this study, a method to classify the autonomy levels for autonomous agricultural machinery (ALAAM) is proposed by modifying the SAE International J3016 to better characterize various agricultural operations such as tillage, spraying and harvesting. The ALAAM was classified into 6 levels from 0 (manual) to 5 (full automation) depending on the status of operator and autonomous system interventions for each item related to the automation of agricultural tasks such as straight-curve path driving, path-implement operation, operation-environmental awareness, error response, and task area planning. The core of the ALAAM classification is based on the relative roles between the operator and autonomous system for the automation of agricultural machines. The proposed ALAAM is expected to promote the establishment of a standard to classify the autonomous driving levels of self-propelled agricultural machinery.

• Water for future
• /
• v.52 no.8
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 2019

Nepal is bestowed with abundant water. With more than 1500 mm average annual rainfall in the country, a vast quantity of underutilized groundwater in the Terai belt, and the water stored in snowcaps in the Himalayas, aquifers in the mountains and glacial lakes, Nepal is potentially in an advantageous position in terms of per capita availability. However, low emphasis in management aspect of water and high emphasis in infrastructural developments related to water resources management has resulted in conversion of water in Nepal from a resource to a burden. The global climate change, reduction in number of rainy days, increase in intensity of rainfall during wet monsoon season, encroachment of river banks for settlement, inadequate release of environmental flows from hydropower plants, and attempt to tame the mighty and high velocity rivers of Nepal have resulted in increasing number of water induced disasters (flood and landslide), rise in conflict between local residents and hydropower developers, higher number of devastating landslides, and in some extreme cases mass migration of residents resulting in climate refugees. There is a ray of hope; the awareness level of the people regarding sustainable use of water resources is increasing, the benefit sharing mechanism is gradually being implemented, the role of interdisciplinary and integrated water resources management is appreciated at a higher level and the level of preparedness against flood and landslides is at a higher degree compared to a couple of decades ago. With the use of renewable energy sources, the possibilities for sustainable and productive use of water are on the rise in Nepal.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.153-174
• /
• 2019

Measuring alignment of various educational components is an important issue in educational research because with aligned educational system, we can have clear expectations about what to teach and assess. In this study, we examined the alignment between mathematics curriculum standards and college entrance examinations from Korea and China. The results indicate that curriculum standards and high stakes assessments from both countries are not well aligned to each other. Their Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) indices were lower than what previous studies have found and the critical values (Fulmer, 2011; Liu & Fulmer, 2008; Liu et al., 2009). There are several topics that are not assessed in both countries' national assessments. Also, discrepancies between the most frequently covered topics in the curriculum standards and the most frequently assessed mathematical topics in the national assessments caused topic level misalignment. We also found misalignment in cognitive level. Both national assessments included more perform procedures and demonstrate understanding items than their respective curriculum standards. Thus, previous findings about the inclusion of more items with higher cognitive demand in assessments is only partially true for either country. With these results, it is difficult to say that whether mathematical topics in the curriculum standards appropriately represent and support students to do well on the CSAT and the NCEE or that the mathematical items in the CSAT and the NCEE validly assess students' level of mathematical understanding.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.671-679
• /
• 2021

House ownership is considered as one of the important pre-conditions for marriage in China. Given that gender imbalance is a prominent issue in the country, competition for marriage partners might motivate males to look for a house and probably bigger and more expensive house. This is believed to have caused house price hikes in recent years. This study aims to investigate the impact of gender imbalance on house prices using data from 30 provinces in China for the 2000-2017 period. The results based on the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations show that house price is strongly influenced by gender imbalance. However, there is no evidence to support differential effects across eastern and mid-western regions. One potential reason is that pre-marriage house ownership has become a common culture for the whole community and therefore it does not vary significantly across regions. There are several important policy implications. Firstly, the issues should be addressed by the policymakers at national level and not regional level. Secondly, the government should intervene to bring back gender ratio to its normal level. Finally, the government should limit the number of houses people can buy and increase the supply of houses in the market.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the main aspects of the introduction of modern management technologies into the security system in the context of socio-economic development and digitalization of the economy. Socio-economic development and a high level of security include growth in income, labor productivity, production volumes, increased competitiveness, changes in the institutional environment, consciousness, activity, social security, the quality of the education system, healthcare, etc. Despite the root cause of economic development, it is not an end in itself, but a tool for ensuring social development. Gaining access for citizens to education, health care, observance of the principles of equality and justice, ensuring protection are directly dependent on the level of economic well-being, the level of economic potential of the country or regions. The research methodology involved the use of both theoretical and practical methods. As a result of the study, the key elements of the introduction of modern management technologies into the security system in the context of socio-economic development and digitalization of the economy were identified.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.115-129
• /
• 2023

This study compares and analyzes domestic and international carbon prices through CPS, which represents the level of carbon pricing. The results show that countries implementing carbon taxes had lower carbon intensity compared to those that did not. The introduction of a carbon tax is expected to enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. As the carbon price rises to the level required for carbon neutrality, CPS decreases significantly, particularly in the residential and commercial sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a carbon tax in the country to reach the required carbon price level for carbon neutrality, with a priority on introducing it in the residential and commercial sectors.