• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.3 s.31
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• pp.285-295
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• 1990

The utilization of medical care services has been partly regionalized with the implementation of referral requirement by the government since July 1, 1989 when the health insurance coverage was extended to all the people. For the purpose of regionalization, the whole country has been primarily divided into tertiary care regions, and each of them again into secondary care regions. This study investigates the self-sufficiency for in-patient care services of secondary care regions focusing on why it varies among the regions. In doing so, analysis is performed to examine a model which embodies three sets of hypotheses as follows : 1) The regional self-sufficiency for medical care services would be subject to direct influences of regional characteristics, amount of available services and structural properties of regional medical care system ; 2) The regional characteristics would have indirect effects on the self-sufficiency which are mediated by medical care services ; and 3) The amount of available services would indirectly affect the self-sufficiency by influencing the structure of regional medical care system. The results of analysis were generally consistent with the model. The findings have some practical implications. The regional self-sufficiency for medical care services partly depends upon basic properties of each region which cannot be changed in a short period of time. Thus the self-sufficiency for medical care services can be improved mainly by health policy measures. In some of the regions the self-sufficiency for in-patient care services was much higher or lower than can be predicted from the bed-population ratio. Indication is that the allocation of health resources should be made considering a variety of factors bearing upon the supply of and demand for health care ; not on the basis of just a single criterion like the availability. The self-sufficiency of a certain region is related to not only its own characterstics but also the characteristics of neighboring regions. Therefore, attention should be also directed to the inter-regional relationships in health care when the needs for investment of health resources in a region are assessed. However, it should be noted that this study used the data collected before the referral requirement was imposed. A replication of this analysis using recent data would provide an evaluation of the impact on the self-sufficiency of the referral requirement as well as a confirmation of the findings of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2007

Recently, tunnels are increasingly constructed in this country with the increased construction of highways, high-speed railways and subways. Shotcrete is one of the major processes in the tunnel construction. Many problems, however, exist in the current shotcrete practice. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to explore the trobles in the current shotcreting practice, and to develop high-quality silica fume shotcrete. For the purpose of security a long-term durability of shotcrete, this study conducted combined deterioration tests. In this study, a combined deterioration test in consideration of a variety of deterioration factors were proceeded. Especially, micro-silica fume that was used frequently in overseas because of a outstanding strength-promotion effect was applied to combined deterioration test, and a long-term durability of shotcrete was investigated according to additions mixing. As a result of test, the shotcrete mixed Micro-silica fume showed a good deterioration quality compared with the other mixes. And is shows that the Micro-silica fume has an outstanding strength-promotion effect and is effective to secure a long-term durability of shotcrete by means of decreasing a deterioration caused by steel fiber mixed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2020

Cattle feeding in South Korea has been heavily dependent on domestically produced rice straw and imported grain. Around 42% of domestically produced rice straw is utilized for forage, and the remainder is recycled to restore soil fertility. Approximately 35% of round baleages were made with rice straw. However, higher quality hay is desired over rice straw. Due to increasing stockpiles of rice, there has been an economic burden on the government to store the surplus; therefore production of annual forage crops in rice fields has been further promoted in recent years. Hay import from the USA currently constitutes more than 80% of total imported hays. The main imported hays are alfalfa (Medicago sativa), timothy (Phleum pretense), and tall fescue (Festica arundinacea). The estimated forage required for cattle feeding was approximately 5.4 million MT in 2016. Domestically produced forage sates only 43% of that value, while low quality rice straw and imported hay covered the rest of demand by 33% and 20%, respectively. As utilization of domestically produced forage is more desirable for forage-based cattle production, long-term strategies have been necessary to promote domestic production of high quality baleage. One such strategy has been utilizing the fertile soil and abundance of fallow rice fields of western region of S. Korea to produce forage crops. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is the most successfully produced winter annual in the region and is approximately 56% of the total winter annual forage production. Forage sorghums (Sorghum bicolor), sorghum × sudangrass hybrids, and hybrid corn (Zea mays) produce a substantial amount of warm-season forage during summer. Produced forage has been largely stored through baleage due to heavy dew and frequent rains and has been evaluated according to S. Korea's newly implemented baleage commodity evaluation system. The system weighs 50% of its total grading points on moisture content because of its importance in deliverable DM content and desirable baleage fermentation; this has proved to be an effective method. Although further improvement is required for the future of forage production in South Korea, the current government-led forage production in rice fields has been able to alleviate some of the country's shortage for quality hay.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2011

Specific surface area is becoming a very important factor when newly developed advanced nano-materials are evaluated. But there have been many differences in results when measuring specific surface areas, depending on the measuring equipments and analysis method. To verify the reliability of the specific surface area measurement device supplied within the country, Round Robin Test (RRT) has been done at 21 affiliated research institutes. As a result, it was found that several institute had problems in measuring of gas adsorption amount in measuring equipment, and this proved the need for certified reference material (CRM). Furthermore, it was also found that the results from BET analysis is easily swayed by the analyst's subjectivism, and the calculated results may differ up to 16% in case of CRM I depending on the selection range of BET analysis. So this showed that a standard guideline for BET constant C value and fitting correlation coefficient R is needed, to properly select range in BET analysis. The experience in RRT, distribution of CRM, and standardized procedure would result in improved reliability in industrial processes, and thus, would contribute to the quality management, the productivity improvement, the safety evaluation, and the new material development.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.501-505
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• 2014

In recent years, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been widely used for malaria detection, primarily because of their simple operation, fast results, and straightforward interpretation. The Asan $EasyTest^{TM}$ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag is one of the most commonly used malaria RDTs in several countries, including Korea and India. In this study, we tested the diagnostic performance of this RDT in Uganda to evaluate its usefulness for field diagnosis of malaria in this country. Microscopic and PCR analyses, and the Asan $EasyTest^{TM}$ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag rapid diagnostic test, were performed on blood samples from 185 individuals with suspected malaria in several villages in Uganda. Compared to the microscopic analysis, the sensitivity of the RDT to detect malaria infection was 95.8% and 83.3% for Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. falciparum, respectively. Although the diagnostic sensitivity of the RDT decreased when parasitemia was ${\leq}500\;parasites/{\mu}l$, it showed 96.8% sensitivity (98.4% for P. falciparum and 93.8% for non-P. falciparum) in blood samples with parasitemia ${\geq}100\;parasites/{\mu}l$. The specificity of the RDT was 97.3% for P. falciparum and 97.3% for non-P. falciparum. These results collectively suggest that the accuracy of the Asan $EasyTest^{TM}$ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag makes it an effective point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria in Uganda.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.337-339
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• 2006

A 4-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of generalized tremor, right-sided head tilt, horizontal nystagmus, and mild ataxia with 4-day duration. However, the dog was bright, alert, and responsive. The neurological examinations revealed that bilateral horizontal-, positional nystagmus, and mild ataxia. Menace responses were also absent in both eyes. Typically, moderate generalized intension tremors were noted in four limbs and the head. No abnormalities were found in hemogram, radiography, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) revealed a mild nonsuppurative inflammation. Thus, steroid responsive tremor syndrome(SRTS) was strongly suspected because of its inflammatory and idiopathic features. The dog excellently responded to immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroid. Therefore, we definitively diagnosed the dog as SRTS based on the exclusion of other causes of the tremor, clinical signs, and response to treatment. This is a first case report of SRTS in our country and we here describe clinical and neurological features in SRTS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2434-2438
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• 2011

Ghana is the country that produces world's biggest production of Cacao. Cacao is the main ingredient of chocolate, which has been widely used in a variety of food as its anti-oxidantal effect is well known to public. Moreover, Ghana-produced Cacao is known to have a bigger amount of polyphenol compared to the ones produced elsewhere, and as they are not processed with alkali Ghana-produced Cacoa is slightly acidic as it is. This project aimed at analysing this natural Ghana Cacao's polyphenol composition, developed cosmetic mask using it and don skin irritation tests in order to study skin improvement effect. As a result, it was found that Ghana-produced Cacao contains approximately 3.6% of tannin, showing 5.6 pH. From the result of the first skin irritation test, the result of experiment of the cometic masks which contain 15% of Ghana cacao powder showed that the irritation was not shown. After 120 minutes, in the experiment of skin improvement effect, it was proved to have skin improvement effect, appearing 20% increase in skin moisture, -17% decrease in skin moisture evaporation, convergence of 5.3pH, 24% increase in skin elasticity.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.907-925
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• 2002

Due to the emersion of J2EE(Java 2, Enterprise Edition), many enterprises inside and outside of the country have been developing the enterprise applications appropriate to the J2EE model. With the help of the component model of Enterprise Java Beans(EJH) which is the J2EE core technology, we can develop the distributed object applications quite simple. EJB application can be implemented by using the component-oriented object transaction middleware and the most applications utilize the distributed transaction. EJB developers can concentrate on the business logic because the EJB server covers the middleware service. Due to these characteristics, EJB technology became popular and then the study for EJB based application has been done quite actively However, the research of metrics for measuring the performance during run-time of the EJB applications has not been done enough. Tn this paper, we explore the workflow for the EJB application service on the run-time and classify the internal operation into several elements. We propose the metrics for evaluating the performance up to the bean level by using the classified elements. First, we analyze the lifecycle according to the bean types which comes from the EJB application on the run-time as to extract each factor used in performance measurement. We also find factors related to a performance and allocate the Performance factors to the metrics as the bean types. We also consider the characteristics like the bean's activation and message passing which happens during bean message call and then analyze the relations of the beans participating in the workflow of the application to make the workflow performance measurement possible. And we devise means to bring performance enhancement of the EJB application using the propose.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 2016

This study clarified the definition and interpretation of terms relating to SMEs Priority System. First, 'Domestic' is defined that the address of office is in our country. Second, 'Technology utilization capacity' is defined that the de facto capacity to technology commercialization and utilization. for example. development or production or sales activity of the production using national r&d performance. Third, 'priority' in priority consideration is defined that when there are many companies trying sign technology utilization contract, technology providers shoud provide the opportunity of signing contract to SMEs primarily. 'priority consideration' is defined that technology providers shoud try to do enough to sign a contract with SMEs. This study has significance in that raising the application of the current SMEs Priority System.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 2014

Phylogenic relationships and morphological characteristics were classified and investigated among the 233 collected strains of Agaricus spp. The 38 strains were differently identified as different characteristic group using analysis of ITS regions in rDNA. A. bitorquis was showed close relationship in groupA whereas A. campestris was in groupC as different characteristic group among with A. bisporus. There was no phylogentic difference with strains collected by country and different pileus colored Agaricus bisporus. Also the strains were cultivated twice to investigate morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies. The characteristics and yield of collected strains were compared with molecular varieties and seasons by the cultivation. In this result, A. campestirs showed good yield and quality in terms of hardness off-white mushroom was more harder than other number of A. bisporus. Also earliness and color of pileus was influenced by external environment all conditions.