• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.106.3-107
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• 2003

VIAGRATM, an oral therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, is the citrate salt of sildenafil. VIAGRATM is formulated as blue, film-coated rounded-dia-mond-shaped tablets, equivalent to 25mg, 50mg and 100mg of sildenafil for oral administration. ViagraTM has been allowed to be sold at the drug store in Korea officially, but it is still increased to sell or use counterfeits or smuggled goods, because of its high price or strict restriction on both sale and purchase. Discrimination and analysis of 13 cases of VIAGRATM tablets for verification of genuineness or counterfeit were requested to our institute on the period, from January 1999 to July 2003. (omitted)

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2011

The Chinese counterfeits has begun to gain great attention recently because of the drastic increase in its volume. The consumption of counterfeit harms to manufacturer who spend millions of dollars to create and develop new product. The counterfeits in Chinese can cause international dispute and lower national reputation. The purpose of this study were to examine if the buyers of counterfeits tend to care more about interpersonal relationship than non-buyers among Chinese. Data were gathered by surveying Chinese consumer living in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou metropolitan area using convenient sampling, and 480 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, structural equation modeling with AMOS were conducted. The results of this study were follows, first, attitude toward counterfeits was classified into three factors such as interpersonal relationship, perception, and involvement. It is general belief that attitudes toward counterfeits were correlated with on brand attachment, however this study show that the buyers of counterfeits tended to purchase counterfeit goods as more alternatives of genuine(original) product than non-buyers. Perhaps, the buyers of counterfeits tended to have lower consumer ethics than non-buyers because they value counterfeit high. It is generally accepted that both a producer and a buyer violate the laws, but they are rather generous for buyer. The results of this study suggest consumers' attitude towards counterfeit need to be changed, following consumer education and strict law enforcement. Based on these results, global brand marketing strategies for luxury goods were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.480-489
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• 2020

Controversy and legal disputes over counterfeit fashion designs have recently arisen in the fashion industry. The purpose of this study is to examine cases of counterfeiting disputes over fashion designs, and how the perception of counterfeit fashion designs is fostered from the learner's point of view, suggesting implications for the counterfeiting problem. As a result of this study, first, counterfeiting disputes over fashion design started from a lack of utilization of the Design Protection Act and the ambiguity in counterfeit design criteria. Second, the negative perceptions of counterfeit designs were mainly about unethical behavior, inhibiting the growth of the fashion industry, and reducing consumers' willingness to buy the genuine article. Positive perceptions were mainly about the process of creation, the promotion of a developmental environment for the fashion industry, and the expansion of opportunities to promote new designs. The most common perception was the absence of clear criteria for judgments about counterfeiting. Third, the implications of the counterfeiting problem in fashion design require effective institutional improvement in the fashion industry, the establishment of standards to deal with counterfeiting, the development and practical introduction of education proposals regarding intellectual property rights, and changing the perception of counterfeiting in the fashion industry.

• Fashion Information and Technology
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• v.6
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• pp.34-42
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• 2009

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2011

To protect the market for various products, existing authentication techniques using ID, hologram and RFID have been gradually developed. However, these methods can be easily exposed the authentication information, and also these exposed information easily copy. Thus, production of the counterfeit goods can not completely prevent. In this paper, to solve these problems, we designed JCVM file system for saving and managing the authentication information, user's information and a sales agency information into the smart card. And we designed and implemented an authentication protocol that can authenticate to avoiding exposure using processor of the smart card. Through this, this proposed scheme can prevent occurrences of the counterfeit goods. And also, can be used for authentication as any product that can attach the smart card.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.120-136
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumers' perceived risk which is shown in the process of purchase phase and consumption phase for the counterfeits of fashion luxury brands and to analyze the interrelationship of each type of perceived risk. The research method of the study used a qualitative approach. 6 informants were selected and then an in-depth interview was held with them. Through this process the data on the perceived risk for counterfeits were collected and analyzed. The results of the study are as follows; The perceived level of psychological risk including counterfeits exposure was extremely high; besides, economic risk and performance risk were also perceived. On the contrary, the perceived level of social risk and fashionability loss were relatively low. The risk perception for counterfeits appeared not only on the purchase phase but also on the consumption phase, and when perceived risk existed on the consumption phase, it had an influence on the level of perceived risk on the next purchase phase. However the psychological risk was continuously perceived on both purchase and consumption phase, even if it did not exist on the consumption phase. Psychological risk, economic risk and performance risk were not independent but interdependent. Moreover, the entire level of perceived risk could be controlled by reducing the level of other perceived risks when a certain type of risk was highly perceived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1438-1447
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to examine if the buyers of counterfeits tend to care less about ethical beliefs than non-buyers among Korean, Japanese, and Hong Kong consumers, and if they have more supportive attitudes toward counterfeit products. 573 female college students living in Seoul, Tokyo, and Hong Kong were surveyed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and t-test were used. As the results, 65.8% of respondents had experiences of purchasing fashion counterfeits. Handbags among fashion counterfeits were the most frequently purchased by the respondents. The buyers of counterfeits tended to purchase counterfeit goods as more alternative of genuine products than non-buyers, and did not feel guiltier toward purchasing of counterfeits than non-buyers. Also, the buyers of counterfeits tended to have more positive attitudes toward the legality of manufacturing, selling, and buying of counterfeits than non-buyers. In addition, they tended to consider much more purchasing of counterfeits as a way to fight against big-firms than non-buyers. Finally, the buyers of counterfeits tended to have lower consumer ethics than non-buyers. Based on these results, global marketing strategies for fashion goods were suggested.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2017

Due to the recent advances of IT industry, many companies and institutions have been used electronic documents rather than original paper copies. However, the characteristic of electronic document allows it to be readily damaged from proscribed copying, counterfeit, and falsification. These can cause the serious security problems for electronic documents. Conventional security methods for digital documents involve adding a separated image or marker, but these methods can reduce the readability of document. Therefore, we proposed a digital Jikin (Korean traditional stamp) which is normally used to identify the source or author of a document in asia. The proposed digital Jikin can preserve the readability of electronic document while protecting the document from proscribed copying, counterfeit, or falsification using image processing approach. In this paper, a digital Jikin application is designed and implemented under android platform and it converts the critical information of document onto the digital Jikin. The proposed digital Jikin contains important information in the boundary of Jikin not only about the author of documents or source, but also keywords, number of images, and many more. Therefore, the authenticity of document or whether the document has been altered or not by other person can be evaluated by the server. The proposed digital Jikin can be sent to a server through the wireless networks and can be stored using PHP and MySQL. We believe that the proposed method can offer the better and simple solution for strengthening the security of electronic document.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2015

Pharmaceutical companies over the world are exposed to risks of lessened sales and negative impact on corporate image due to circulation of counterfeit drugs, which eventually threatens safety of patients. thus, in order to eradicate distribution of counterfeit drugs, many countries are taking initiatives to legalize and set serialization through e-Pedigree, which is based on RFID technology or barcode system to track and trace distribution of drugs from point of manufacturing to usage. therefore, this study contemplates domestic and international management system of medical drugs and suggests application methods of e-Pedigree based on RFID technology that promotes safety of patients and distribution of drugs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.628-635
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• 2017

It is important to prescribe and take medicines that are appropriate for symptoms, since medicines are closely related to human health and life. Moreover, it becomes more important to accurately classify genuine medicines with counterfeit, since the number of counterfeit increases worldwide. However, the number of high-quality experts who have enough experience to properly classify them is limited and there exists a need for the automatic technique to classify medicine tablets. In this paper, we propose a method to classify the tablets by using a handheld spectrometer which provides both Near Infra-Red (NIR) and visible light spectrums. We adopted Support Vector Machine(SVM) as a machine learning algorithm for tablet classification. As a result of the simulation, we could obtain the classification accuracy of 99.9 % on average by using both NIR and visible light spectrums. Also, we proposed a two-step SVM approach to discriminate the counterfeit tablets from the genuine ones. This method could improve both the accuracy and the processing time.