• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2014

Although Monty Hall dilemma is used in many areas including philosophy, economics, and psychology, it is used in the current mathematics textbooks only as a material for reading or one of probability questions. The present study tries to explore students' understanding of Monty Hall dilemma through a class case. In this study, a group of high-school students participated in group activities, in which they read an argument about Monty Hall dilemma, and tried to resolve it through small-group and whole-class discussions, and then studied the conditional probability. The analysis supports the studies in psychology that intuitive understandings on probability do not change easily, and that counter-intuitivity in Monty Hall dilemma induces confusion and offers a basis for discussions among students. Similar results are anticipated when other dilemmas on probability are used.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2011

We review the current understanding of modularity in biological motor control and its forms, and then relate this modularity to proposed modular control structures for biomimetic robots. We note the features that are different between the robotic and the biological 'designs' with features which have evolved by natural selection, and note those aspects of biology which may be counter-intuitive or unique to the biological controls as we currently understand them. Biological modularity can be divided into kinematic modularity comprised of strokes and cycles: primitives approximating a range of optimization criteria, and execution modularity comprised of kinetic motor primitives: muscle synergies recruited by premotor drives which are most often pulsatile, and which have the biomechanical effect of instantiating a visco-elastic force-field in the limb. The relations of these identified biological elements to kinematic and force-level motor primitives employed in robot control formulations are discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2017

Generalized fractal dimension is used to detect the presence of partial delamination in a composite laminated beam. The effect of boundary conditions and location of delamination on the fractal dimension curve is studied. Appropriability of higher mode shape data for detection of delamination in the beam is evaluated. It is shown that fractal dimension measure can be used to detect the presence of partial delamination in composite beams. It is found that the torsional mode shape is well suited for delamination detection in beams. First natural frequency of delaminated beam is found to be higher than the healthy beam for certain small and partial width delaminations and some boundary conditions. An explanation towards this counter intuitive phenomenon is provided.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2015

In this paper, an ARS-EKF based motion counting algorithm for repetitive exercises such as calisthenics is proposed using a smartwatch. Raw sensor signals from accelerometers and gyroscopes are widely used for conventional smartwatch counting algorithms based on pattern recognition. However, generated features from raw data are not intuitive to reflect the movement of motions. The proposed motion counter algorithm is composed of navigation based feature generation and counting with error correction. The candidate features for each activity are velocity and attitude calculated through an ARS-EKF algorithm. In order to select those features which reveal the characteristics of each motion, an exercise frame from the initial sensor frame is introduced. Counting processes are basically based on the zero crossing method, and misdetected counts are eliminated via simple classification algorithms considering the frequency of the counted motions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm efficiently and accurately counts the number of exercises.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.109-112
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• 2005

Identifying orthologous paralogenes is a fundamental problem in comparative genomics and can facilitate the study of evolutionary history of the species. Existing approaches for locating paralogs make use of local alignment based algorithms such as BLAST. However, there are cases that genes with high alignment scores are not paralogenes. On the other hand, whole genome alignment tools are designed to locate orthologs. Most of these tools are based on some unique substrings (called anchors) in the corresponding orthologous pair to identify them. Intuitively, these tools may not be useful in identifying orthologous paralogenes as paralogenes are very similar and there may not be enough unique anchors. However, our study shows that this is not true. Paralogenes although are similar, they have undergone different mutations. So, there are enough unique anchors for identifying them. Our contributions include the followings. Based on this counter-intuitive finding, we propose to employ the whole genome alignment tools to help verifying paralogenes. Our experiments on five pairs of human-mouse chromosomes show that our approach is effective and can identify most of the mis-classified paralog groups (more than 80%). We verify our finding that whole genome alignment tools are able to locate orthologous paralogenes through a simulation study. The result from the study confirms our finding.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

파론도 역설은 두 개의 지는 게임이 결합하여 이기게 되거나, 두 개의 이기는 게임이 결합하여 지게 되는 현상을 말한다. 본 논문에서는 여러 명으로 구성된 집단에서 임의로 한 명을 선택하여 본인의 과거 실적에 의해 승패 확률이 정해지는 과거의존 파론도 게임을 실시하거나 또는 단순히 상금을 임의로 선택한 또 다른 사람에게 전달만 하는 게임을 진행하는 경우를 살펴본다. 각 게임은 지거나 공정한 게임인 반면에 두 게임을 임의로 결합한 혼합게임은 이기게 되는 파론도 효과가 존재함을 확인한다. 또한 각 게임은 이기거나 공정한 게임인데 임의로 결합한 혼합게임은 지게 되는 역 파론도 효과가 존재하는 확률 모수의 범위도 완성한다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1187-1221
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• 2014

The uplifting and rocking of slender, free-standing structures when subjected to ground shaking may limit appreciably the seismic moments and shears that develop at their base. This high-performance seismic behavior is inherent in the design of ancient temples with emblematic peristyles that consist of slender, free-standing columns which support freely heavy epistyles together with the even heavier frieze atop. While the ample seismic performance of rocking isolation has been documented with the through-the-centuries survival of several free-standing ancient temples; and careful post-earthquake observations in Japan during the 1940's suggested that the increasing size of slender free-standing tombstones enhances their seismic stability; it was George Housner who 50 years ago elucidated a size-frequency scale effect that explained the "counter intuitive" seismic stability of tall, slender rocking structures. Housner's 1963 seminal paper marks the beginning of a series of systematic studies on the dynamic response and stability of rocking structures which gradually led to the development of rocking isolation-an attractive practical alternative for the seismic protection of tall, slender structures. This paper builds upon selected contributions published during this last half-century in an effort to bring forward the major advances together with the unique advantages of rocking isolation. The paper concludes that the concept of rocking isolation by intentionally designing a hinging mechanism that its seismic resistance originates primarily from the mobilization of the rotational inertia of its members is a unique seismic protection strategy for large, slender structures not just at the limit-state but also at the operational state.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-55
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• 2003

In the school mathematics, the negative numbers have been instructed by means of intuitive models(concrete situation models, number line model, colour counter model), inductive-extrapolation approach, and the formal approach using the inverse operation relations. These instructions on the negative numbers have caused students to have the difficulty in understanding especially why the rules of signs hold. It is due to the fact that those models are complicated, inconsistent, and incomplete. So, students usually should memorize the sign rules. In this study we studied on the didactical phenomenology of the negative numbers as a foundational study for the improvement of teaching negative numbers. First, we analysed the formal nature of the negative numbers and the cognitive obstructions which have showed up in the historic-genetic process of them. Second, we investigated what the middle school students know about the negative numbers and their operations, which they have learned according to the current national curriculum. The results showed that the degree they understand the reasons why the sign rules hold was low Third, we instructed the middle school students about the negative number and its operations using the formal approach as Freudenthal suggest ed. And we investigated whether students understand the formal approach or not. And we analysed the validity of the new teaching method of the negative numbers. The results showed that students didn't understand the formal approach well. And finally we discussed the directions for improving the instruction of the negative numbers on the ground of these didactical phenomenological analysis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.805-820
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• 2016

A fully coupled non-linear effective stress response finite difference (FD) model is built to survey the counter-intuitive recent findings on the reliance of pore water pressure ratio on foundation contact pressure. Two alternative design scenarios for a benchmark problem are explored and contrasted in the light of construction emission rates using the EFFC-DFI methodology. A strain-hardening effective stress plasticity model is adopted to simulate the dynamic loading. A combination of input motions, contact pressure, initial vertical total pressure and distance to foundation centreline are employed, as model variables, to further investigate the control of permanent and variable actions on the residual pore pressure ratio. The model is verified against the Ghosh and Madabhushi high acceleration field test database. The outputs of this work are aimed to improve the current computer-aided seismic foundation design that relies on ground's packing state and consistency. The results confirm that on seismic excitation of shallow foundations, the likelihood of effective stress loss is greater in deeper depths and across free field. For the benchmark problem, adopting a shallow foundation system instead of piled foundation benefitted in a 75% less emission rate, a marked proportion of which is owed to reduced materials and haulage carbon cost.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2022

Numerical modelling of an integrated Carbon NanoTube (CNT) membrane is only achievable if probable deformations and realistic alterations from a perfect CNT membrane are taken into account. Considering the possible forms of CNTs, bending is one of the most probable deformations in these high aspect ratio nanostructures. Hence, investigation of effect associated with bent CNTs are of great interest. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulation is utilized to investigate fluid flow dynamics in deformed CNT membranes, specifically when the tube cross section is not affected. Bending in armchair (5,5) CNT was simulated using Tersoff potential, prior to flow rate investigation. Also, to study effect of inclined entry of the CNT to the membrane wall, argon flow through generated inclined CNT membranes is examined. The results show significant variation in both cases, which can be interpreted as counter-intuitive, since the cross section of the CNT was not deformed in either case. The distribution of fluid-fluid and fluid-wall interaction potential is investigated to explain the anomalous behavior of the flow rate versus bending angle.