• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

One hundred forty four bacterial colonies which were able to degrade crude oil were isolated from soil samples that were contaminated with oil in Daejeon area. Among them, one bacterial strain was selected for this study based on its emulsification activity, growth rate and surface tension activity, and this selected bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. HN37 through physiological- biochemical tests and analysis of its 16S rRNA sequence. Pseudomonas sp. HN37 utilize the several aliphatic hydrocarbons, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and 2,4-dichlorophooxyacetic acid as a sole carbon source. And this bacterial strain showed a high resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol, as well as heavy metals such as Ba, Cr, Li and Mn. Also, it was found that the optimal pH and temperature for the cell growth, surface tension, and emulsification activity of Pseudomonas sp. HN37 were pH 6.0-9.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The emulsification and surface tension activity was reached the maximum to 1% (V/V) crude oil and 1% (W/V) NaCl concentration. The surface tension of the culture broth was decreased from 62 to 27 dyne/cm after fifteen hours of inoculation in LB media.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine the testis toxicities of metal compound, manganese (Mn), which may be generated as mist or fume in the industrial sites. As well as serum prolactin (PRL) concentration was analyzed because Mn accumulation in basal ganglia up-regulates serum PRL and hyperprolactinemia consecutively induces the testis toxicity. Male F344 rats were divided into the 4 groups (2 controls and 2 Mn treated groups, n=10) on the basis of the test condition (inhalation, Mn $1.5mg/m^3$ or not) and treatment period (for 4-weeks and 13-weeks). The treatment time was 6 hr. a day, 5 days a week for the whole body. Basic tests including changes in body weight, feed rate were observed. Blood and testis Mn concentration, and testis toxicity test such as the number and deformity test of sperm were also observed. Serum PRL level was analyzed by ELISA to certify the relationship between the Mn induced increase of the serum PRL level and sperm production. Blood and testis Mn concentrations were significantly and dose-dependently increased. Sperm count was decreased in Mn-treatment groups than control in a treatment time dependent manner. Morphological analysis of cauda epidydimal sperm showed that the frequencies of morphologically abnormal sperms such as bent tail and small head were increased in the both Mn-treatment groups than control. A significant increase in serum PRL levels was found in response to Mn treatment but it was not hyperprolactinemia range. These results suggest that treatment of Mn up-regulates the serum PRL concentration and induces the testis toxicity. The No Aversed Effect Level (NOAEL) of inhaled Mn on the male rat testis may be under the $1.5mg/m^3$.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 1999

The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to determine the sequences of reverse transcriptase (RT) codons 41, 67, 70, 210, 215 and 219 of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) pol gene. Template DNA was obtained from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 Korean HIV-1 infected patients treated with ZDV and Korean red ginseng. The second PCRs were done for 2 separated regions (RT codons $13{\sim}98$ and $152{\sim}259$) with $5\;{\mu}l$ of the first PCR productNucleotide sequences were determined by direct sequencing. In the 27 patients, CD4+ cell count decreased from $230{\pm}117/{\mu}l$ to $152{\pm}162/{\mu}l$ for $46{\pm}26$ months (Mo), and actual duration of ZDV intake was $72{\pm}16$ Mo. In the 16 patients who had been treated with ZDV therapy ${\ge}25$ Mo, the incidences of 70R, 215F/Y, and 41L were 61%, 28% and 22%, respectively and those of 67N, 210W and 219Q were 17%. The incidences of 215F/Y were 6.7% for group ${\le}12$ Mo treatment, 22.7% for group with 13 to 24 Mo, and 27.8% for group ${\ge}25$ Mo. There was no mutation in 9 patients. It might be associated with the interruption of ZDV therapy for more than 6 months in 6 patients. This study shows that the detection of mutation could be useful prognostic marker with other clinical and virological data, and very low mutation rate is dectected compared to overseas reports.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 2007

Purpose : It is difficult to diagnose acute pyelonephritis(APN) in young children, because of their nonspecific symptoms. The younger the age, the higher the risk of renal scars after APN, which can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. We compare the significance of renal imaging studies by age for diagnosis of APN in febrile urinary tract infection(UTI) in children. Methods : Fifty-three hospitalized children(34 patients under age 2 and 19 patients over age 2) with febrile UTI and who had undergone dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan, renal ultra sonography(RUS) and voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) during the acute stage were re-viewed. We compared the renal imaging studies between the different age groups. Results : The DMSA scan showed cortical defects in 23.5% of patients under age 2, which was significantly lower than 63.2% of patents over age 2(P<0.05). The renal cortical defects on DMSA scan were associated only with a high peripheral leukocyte count, but not with fever duration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), and C-reactive protein(CRP). And there was no correlation between the DMSA scan, VCUG or RUS findings. Conclusions : The DMSA scan is not sensitive for diagnosis of APN in children less than 2 years of age and the findings cannot predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). VCUG may be necessary for proper management in this age group.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2 s.94
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• pp.119-125
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• 2001

Total bacterial density was investigated in the main stream and tributaries of the Kyongan Stream and inlet parts of Paltang Reservoir from September 2000 to February 2001 by acridine orange direct count (AODC) method. Total bacterial number in the Kyongan Stream was mainly under influence of the effluent discharge of sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) located in the upstream or downstream. Decreasing rate with water flowing distance (km) in the main stream is $0.13\;{\time}\;10^6$ cells/ml, and it was estimated to much accumulating quantity on the stream bed during transport to downstream. Average values of total bacterial number in September${\sim}$October, November and December${\sim}$February were range $1.74{\sim}3.10{\time}10^6$, $1.86{\sim}7.30{\time}10^6$ and $4.56{\sim}8.75{\time}10^6$cells/ml, respectively, and were high at low temperature than that of high temperature period. Total bacterial number was more abundant at below $10^{\circ}C$ with $2.1{\sim}3.0$ folds than at above $10^{\circ}C$. Water quality by total bacterial number was classify to eutrophic and the potential of wastewater treated effluent for the microbial contamination assessed to very high. The results of this study indicate that the management of point source, SWTP effluent, is urgent to mitigate bacterial impact of Paltang Reservoir as well as the Kyongan Stream.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2016

To evaluate the physicochemical and radiological properties of raw materials and by-products in domestic distribution, about 220 samples with 16 species were prepared. We measured the energy spectrum and the chemical content, such as U, Th, and K, using a $LaBr_3$ scintillation detector and ED-XRF. In addition, HPGe detector was used to analyze the radioac-tivity of $^{234}Th$, $^{234}mPa$, and $^{214}Bi$ in uranium decay series and $^{228}Ac$, $^{212}Pb$, and $^{208}Tl$ in thorium decay series, and $^{40}K$. The correlation between characteristic variables, such as the count rate in several ROIs, chemical content, and radioactivity, was assessed to infer the radioactivity of natural radionuclides through a rapid screening method. Based on the results, a characteristic database for raw material and by-product in domestic distribution was established and it will provide useful information in the analysis procedure and improve the accuracy and reproducibility in the analysis of natural radionuclides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

AADT(Annual Average Daily Traffic) can be obtained by using short-term counted traffic data rather than using traffic data collected for 365 days. The process is a very important in estimating AADT using short-term traffic count data. Therefore, There have been many studies about estimating AADT. In this Paper, we tried to improve the process of the AADT estimation based on the former AADT estimation researches. Firstly, we found the factor showing differences among groups. To do so, we examined hourly variables(divided to total hours, weekday hours. Saturday hours, Sunday hours, weekday and Sunday hours, and weekday and Saturday hours) every time changing the number of groups. After all, we selected the hourly variables of Sunday and weekday as the factor showing differences among groups. Secondly, we classified 200 locations into 10 groups through cluster analysis using only monthly variables. The nile of deciding the number of groups is maximizing deviation among hourly variables of each group. Thirdly, we classified 200 locations which had been used in the second step into the 10 groups by applying statistical techniques such as Discriminant analysis and Neural network. This step is for testing the rate of distinguish between the right group including each location and a wrong one. In conclusion, the result of this study's method was closer to real AADT value than that of the former method. and this study significantly contributes to improve the method of AADT estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1994

This study was conducted to find out the successive habitual practice of dietary life and all the educational tasks for the purpose of activating with female college students in Korea and Japan. The reesults are as follows. Housewives in both countries prepare ${\ulcorner}the\;same\;menu{\lrcorner}$ for dinner about 65%. ${\ulcorner}The\;rate\;of\;domestic\;manufacturing\;of\;preservated\;food\;{\lrcorner}$ is superior in Korea. ${\ulcorner}Goch'ujang{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 92% of Koreans, ${\ulcorner}Doenjang{\lrcorner}\;89%,\;{\ulcorner}Ganjang{\lrcorner}\;48%,\;{\ulcorner}Oiji{\lrcorner}\;44%\;and\;{\ulcorner}Kimchi{\lrcorner}\;40%.\;{\ulcorner}Umeboshi{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 65% of Japanese, ${\ulcorner}Rakkyo-Zuke{\lrcorner}\;37%,\;{\ulcorner}Kajitsu-syu{\lrcorner}\;40%,\;and\;{\ulcorner}Miso{\lrcorner}$ 27%. Two countries' common seasonings are ${\ulcorner}Ganjang{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Salt{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Chemical\;condiment{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Sugar{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Pepper{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}Doenjang${\lrcorner}\;and\;{\ulcorner}Vinegar{\lrcorner}$. Koreans use the traditional seasonings, and in addition flavoring vegetables and oil which is Korea's own characteristic. Japanese use western seasonings frequently besides traditional seasonings. ${\ulcorner}Mother's\;representative\;food{\lrcorner}$ as home dish are conscentrated on each count's native food. ${\ulcorner}Kimch'i\;lyu{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 42% of Koreans, ${\ulcorner}Doenjangchigae{\lrcorner}\;39%,\;{\ulcorner}Dakgangjong{\lrcorner}\;31%,\;and\;{\ulcorner}Saongsonmaeuntang{\lrcorner}\;19%.\;{\ulcorner}Misoshiru{\lrcorner}$ is made by the 83% of Japanese, ${\ulcorner}Nishime{\lrcorner}\;76%\;and\;{\ulcorner}Nikujaga{\lrcorner}$ 38%. Korea has more diverse kinds of food. People eat out ${\ulcorner}when\;they\;have\;special\;home \;events{\lrcorner},\;{\ulcorner}when\;they\;would\;like\;to\;do{\lrcorner},\;and\;{\ulcorner}when\;they\;are\;going\;out{\lrcorner}$, It means that to eat out is one of the daily dinning styles. Therefore, for those who are engaged in eating house business it is necessary to form their righteous view of evaluation. Koreans learn more various items of table manner than Japan, which are the symbols of dietary culture. ${\ulcorner}Carriage{\lrcorner}\;and\;{\ulcorner}Eating\;politely{\lrcorner}$ are common items. The extent to which ${\ulcorner}people\;practice\;table\;manner{\lrcorner}$ and to which ${\ulcorner}people\;think\;of\;it\;as\;being\;worth\;practicing{\lrcorner}$ are high in Japan than Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.938-945
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• 2020

A dynamic model was developed to predict the Escherichia coli cell counts in pig trotters at changing temperatures. Five-strain mixture of pathogenic E. coli at 4 Log CFU/g were inoculated to cooked pig trotter samples. The samples were stored at 10℃, 20℃, and 25℃. The cell count data was analyzed with the Baranyi model to compute the maximum specific growth rate (μ_max) (Log CFU/g/h) and lag phase duration (LPD) (h). The kinetic parameters were analyzed using a polynomial equation, and a dynamic model was developed using the kinetic models. The model performance was evaluated using the accuracy factor (A_f), bias factor (B_f), and root mean square error (RMSE). E. coli cell counts increased (p<0.05) in pig trotter samples at all storage temperatures (10℃-25℃). LPD decreased (p<0.05) and μ_max increased (p<0.05) as storage temperature increased. In addition, the value of h₀ was similar at 10℃ and 20℃, implying that the physiological state was similar between 10℃ and 20℃. The secondary models used were appropriate to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on LPD and μ_max. The developed kinetic models showed good performance with RMSE of 0.618, B_f of 1.02, and A_f of 1.08. Also, performance of the dynamic model was appropriate. Thus, the developed dynamic model in this study can be applied to describe the kinetic behavior of E. coli in cooked pig trotters during storage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Background : For unknown reasons, the serum ferritin concentrations are higher in patients with acute lung injury. A pretreatment with aspirin reduces the acute lung injury in rats subjected severe hemorrhage, and increases the rate of ferritin synthesis in vitro. This study investigated the effect of aspirin on the serum ferritin changes in rats subjected to severe hemorrhage. Methods : Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood (20 ml/kg of B.W.) through the femoral artery for 5 min. The rats were pretreated with aspirin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min before hemorrhage. Results : The protein content and leukocyte count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue myeloperoxidase activities were significantly higher after hemorrhage. The aspirin pretreatment prevented these changes. The serum and lavage fluid ferritin concentrations were elevated higher after hemorrhage. These were also attenuated by the aspirin pretreatment. Conclusion : The changes in the serum and lung lavage ferritin level might be closely related to the severity of hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, the serum and lavage ferritin concentrations can be a useful biomarker for patients with precipitating conditions.