• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2008

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria involved in 5 Korean fermented vegetables (Cot kimchi, Dongchimi, Baechu kimchi, Oisobagi, and Chonggak kimchi) was investigated using PCR-based method. PCR primer pairs targeted the recA gene were used for the detection of 7 species of lactic acid bacteria mainly found in kimchi and Lactobacillus acidophilus involved in dairy fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei were detected in all samples tested but Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lb. acidophilus were not detected. Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc citreum were detected only from Baechu kimchi and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was detected from Got kimchi, Dongchimi, Baechu kimchi, and Oisobagi. The difference of detected species from fermented vegetables may be originated from the difference of main materials. Lb. plantarum and Lb. sakei are supposed to be broadly involved in Korean fermented vegetables.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.611-615
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• 1995

The design of appropriate chemically modified electrodes should allow development of new voltammetric measurement schemes with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Microorganism like algae has high ability to trap toxic and heavy metal ions and different affinities for metal ions. A copper(II) ion-selective carbon paste electrode was constructed by incorporating alga Anabaena into a conventional carbon paste mixture, and then the film of 10% Nafion was coated to avoid the swelling of the electrode surface. Copper ion could be deposited at the 25% algamodified electrode for 15 min without the applied potential while stirring the solution by only immersing the electrode in a buffer (pH 4.0) cot1taining copper(II). Temperature was controlled at $35^{\circ}C$. After preconcentration was carried out the electrode was transferred to a 0.1 M potassium chloride solution and was reduced at -0.6 volt at $25^{\circ}C$. The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was employed. A well-defined oxidation peak could be obtained at -0.1 volt (vs SCE). In five deposition / measurement / regeneration cycles, the responses were reproducible and relative standard deviations were 3.3% for $8.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ copper(II). Calibration curve for copper was linear over the range from $2.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-3}M$. The detection limit was $7.5{\times}10^{-5}M$. Studies of the effect of diverse ions showed that the coexisting metal ions had little or no effect for the determination of copper. But anions such as cyanide. oxalate and EDTA seriously interfered.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1996

The genome of red pepper was investigated by thermal denaturation, reassociation kinetics and measurement of nuclear volume for its base composition, spectrum of kinetic components and genome size. Base composition was estimated to be 37% (G+C) based on melting temperature. The reassociation of 300 nt fragments analyzed by hydroxyapatite chromatography revealed the presence of three kinetic components differing in fraction of genome, kinetic complexity and number of copies as follows; 4.8% (fast) with $5.6{\times}10^{4}\;bp$ and 10,754, 26% (intermediate) with $1.9{\times}10^{6}\;bp$ and 177, and 65% (slow) with $8.48{\times}10^{8}\;bp$ and 1. These measurements demonstrate that the genome of red pepper has a 1C DNA content of $1.25{\times}10^{9}\;bp$, which is about 33% of $4.05{\times}10^{9}\;bp$ calculated from nuclear volume of $62.4\;\mu\textrm{m}^3/1C$..

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.484-492
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• 1998

The formation mechanism of the epitaxial cobalt silicide from Co/Ti/OOO) Si structure has been investigated. The transition temperature of CoSi to CoSi, was found to increase with increasing the Ti interlayer thickness, which may be owing to the occupation of the tetrahedral sites by Ti atoms in the CoSi crystal structure as well as the blocking effect of the Ti interlayer on the diffusion of Co. Also, the Co- Ti-O ternary compound formed at the metal! Si interface at the begining of silicidation, which seems to play an important role in epitaxial growth of Co silicide. The final layer structures obtained after a rapid thermal annealing of the Cot Ti/( 100) Si bi-layer structure turned out to be Ti oxide/Co- Ti-Si/epi-$CoSi_2$/OOO)

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2002

Continuous multimedia applications require a guaranteed retricval and transfer rate of streaming data, which conventional file server mechanism generally does not provide. In this paper we describe a dynamic negotiated admission control and dick bandwidth scheduling framework for Continuous Media (CM : e.g., video) servers. The framework consists of two parts. One is a reserve-based admission control mechanism and the other part is a scheduler for continuous media streams with dynamic resource allocation to achieve higher utilization than non-dynamic scheduler by effectively sharing available resources among contending streams to improve overall QoS. Using our policy, we could increase the number of simultaneously running: clients that coo]d be supported and cot]d ensure a good response ratio and better resource utilization under heavy traffic requirements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.721-729
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• 1995

The Korean optimal nuclear fuel cycle strategy from the year 2000 to 2030 is derived using linear programming. The fuel cycle cost, the cost uncertainty, and the natural uranium consumption are used as the criteria for the optimization. These objectives are compromised by fuzzy decision-making technique which maximizes the minimum degree of satisfaction among the three objectives. The options for the back-end fuel cycle are direct disposal, reprocessing, and DUPIC. The optimal fuel cycle strategy of Korea is to start reprocessing in around 2010 and increase its capacity with the maximum of 800 tHM in around 2025, and to star DUPIC processing in 2025. The cot uncertainty and the natural uranium consumption of the optimal fuel cycle strategy are reduced by 7.1％ and 6.1％, respectively, at the cost penalty of 5.4％ compared with the cost-only optimal solution.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

This study identified the complaint ratio of musculoskeletal symptom by 119 EMTs and investigated the work risk extent through ergonomics evaluation about the patient transport works, which cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) to 119 EMTs. For this, the complaint ratio of musculoskeletal symptom utilized questionnaire tool based on KOSHA Code H-30-2008 and the risk extent about the patient transport work evaluated by using ergonomics evaluation tools such as OWAS, RULA and REBA. According to the study result, 60.9% of 119 EMTs experienced musculoskeletal symptom. Among them, the symptom on back was the most common (36.1%). The work, which mostly causes WMSDs, has been found as patient transport work (48.4%). Among the patient transport motion, loading/unloading of ambulance cot to/from ambulance and the lifting of patient by stretcher were OWAS risk-level 3 and RULA/REBA risk-level 3 to 4. Among the patient transport environment, carrying patient on stairway using emergency mini-stretcher, moving patient in vehicle using spine board and piggy-back carrying or cradle carrying patient on stairway or slope way were OWAS, RULA, REBA risk level 3 to 4. It is suggested that immediate improvement in work postures for these works should contribute to prevention against WMSDs to 119 EMTs.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2003

Rare and unusual occurrence of hydrothermal minerals were found in Geode mine area. They are developed in the late stage of hydrothermal alteration of earlier skarns and later by the open-space filling crystallization. The alteration of earlier skarns of clinopyroxene, garnet, and plagioclase formed mainly chlorite or sometimes uncommon hydrothermal minerals of prehnite, illite, and pumpellyite. Open-space filling crystallization characterized by hydrothermal minerals developedin open sapce or good are prehnite, pumpellyite, clinozoisite, illite, and Ca-zeolites of stilbite annstellerite. Mineral phases and paragenesis are examined in detail by microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EPMA. Using the Schreinemaker's method, equibrium reactions among these minerals are establishedand isothemal-isobaric phase diagrams of $\mu$$H_2O$-$\mu$$CO_2$cot are plotted. Hydrothermal minerals such asprehnite, pumpellyite, clinozoisite, illite, and some chlorite were ffrmed under high partial pressure of $CO_2$with relatively low $H_2$O fugacity. Later, stilbite and calcite in association with illite crystallized under relatively both high partial Pressure of $CO_2$and high $H_2$O fugacity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.525-529
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• 2009

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) represent an emerging family of newly described bacterial products that are produced by a number of pathogens. The genes encoding these toxins have been identified as a cluster of three adjacent genes, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, plus 5 cdt genetic variants, designated as cdt-I, cdt-II, cdt-III, cdt-IV, and cdt-V, have been identified to date. In this study, a general multiplex PCR system designed to detect Escherichia coli cdts was applied to investigate the presence of cdt genes among isolates. As a result, among 366 E. coli strains, 2.7% were found to carry the cdtB gene. In addition, the use of type-specific primers revealed the presence of cdt-I, cdtIV, and cdt-V types of the cdt gene, yet no cdt-II or cdt-III strains. The presence of other virulence genes (stxl, stx2, eae, bfp, espA, espB, and espD) was also investigated using a PCR assay. Among the 10 cdtB gene-positive strains, 8 were identified as COT-producing typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains ($eae^+$, $bfp^+$), whereas 2 were identified as CDT-producing atypical EPEC strains ($eae^+$, $bfp^-$). When comparing the cytotoxic activity of the CDT-producing typical and atypical EPEC strains, the CDT-producing atypical EPEC strains appeared to be less toxic than the CDT-producing typical EPEC strains.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.8 s.114
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• pp.649-655
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• 2006

Waves progressing into the coastal area can be amplified, swashed and overtopped by a wave overtopping control structure, and it converts the kinetic energy of the waves to the potential energy with a hydraulic head above the mean sea level by conserving the overflow in a reservoir. Then the potential energy in the form of hydraulic head can be converted to electric power utilizing extremely low-head hydraulic turbine. This study aims to find the most optimal shape of wave overtopping structure which maximizes overtopping volume rate of sea water. Laboratory experiments for the performance evaluation of wave overtopping control structures were carried out in three dimensional wave tank, and the three dimensional structure models with planar wave concentration shapes(B/b) were manufactured into five classes, which were optimized by cross sectional parameters of the structure, ie, length of ramp(l), gradient of inclined ramp($cot{\phi}$) and freeboard height of the wave overtopping structure($h_e$) proposed by Shin and Hong(2005). The wave overtopping discharges were investigated with 20 incident wave conditions and wave directions of $0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$.