• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2008

Objectives: Overactive bladder(OAB), defined as 'urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia', is a major burden for patients and impairs quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of overactive bladder including quality of life in societal perspective. Methods: A decision-analysis model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of solifenacin and tolterodine IR over 12 weeks. We used data from the published literature to develop the framework for the model. Resource utilization and costs were calculated with public institutional data and supplemented this information with clinical expert opinion, where necessary. Results: The expected costs per patient for solifenacin were 48,762 KRW less expensive than tolterodine IR over 12 weeks. Also, all outcomes including quality of life for solifenacin were more effective than tolterodine IR over 12 weeks. In conclusion, solifenacin dominates tolterodine IR and appears to be cost-effective options for the management of overactive bladder.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Objectives This study is aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of treatment of Korean Medicine for whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and to suggest the direction of future research. Methods We searched papers in Pubmed database to use some keywords indicating whiplash injury syndrome, treatment of Korean Medicine and cost-effectiveness. After searching, appropriate papers were selected depending on the exclusion criteria. The selected papers were analyzed in the sections of author, publication year, intervention and control groups, outcome measurement, the list including in the cost, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and study design. Results Four studies about effect of Korean medicine and 3 studies about economic evaluation were finally included. Acupuncture was effective for balance disorder and neck pain. Economic evaluation studies used analytical decision model or cost-consequence analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis using visual analog scale and cost-utility analysis using quality adjusted life years were performed. Initiating timing of proper management affected the consequence of treatments. Direct and indirect medical costs including supportive devices, and non-medical costs such as litigation were considered. Conclusions We conclude that studies haven't been conducted so far to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Korean Medicine in whiplash injury syndrome. Thus, future studies are needed in this section.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

This study suggests the effectiveness of an "extended" power system evaluation methodology based on LCA and energy input-output analysis techniques. This "extended" evaluation methodology is designed to incorporate total energy system costs through fuel cycle and external costs, including CO$_2$abatement cost. As an empirical test, we applied the methodology to orimulsion-fired power generation technology and found that orimulsion could be considered as in attractive base-load power generation fuel in terms of economic and environmental aspects, compared to conventional coal-fired power plant.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.45-58
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• 2008

Ergonomic techniques have been required to analyze the effectiveness of functional clothing design improvement in a systematic and analytic manner. The goals of the present study are to: (1) comprehensively and analytically examine the effectiveness of clothing improvement by using the relationship analysis between clothing design components (D) and ergonomic evaluation measures (E) and (2) prove the usefulness of cost-effectiveness analysis for clothing design optimization. The cost effectiveness analysis is comprised of the preliminary evaluation based on expertise and the in-depth evaluation where the D-E relationship analysis is applied. As a result of the cost effectiveness analysis applied to flame-proof clothing, an optimal design was identified by analyzing costs and qualitative/quantitative effects. In the preliminary evaluation, the expected effectiveness of each design alternative on wear efficiency and wear comfort was estimated. In the in-depth evaluation, however, the effectiveness of each design alternative was analyzed by quantitative evaluation in a wearing test using a questionnaire prepared based on the D-E relationship analysis. It was concluded that the D-E relationship analysis and the cost-effectiveness analysis are useful for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of functional clothing design.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-94
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• 2013

The prinary cause of the decreasing SME's competitiveness in technology is the intensifying human resource shortages. The government supports a part of labor costs for SMEs as a means of policy. There are two ways of supporting labor costs for R&D personnel. One is to hire R&D personnel first then support their partial labor costs. The other is to support labor costs first for R&D personnel in national R&D programs then hire R&D personnel. This study analyzes the effectiveness of two different ways by classifying sales, no. of employees, R&D expenditure, no. of researchers, and no. of MA/Ph.D. researchers. In terms of employing researchers with MA or Ph.D., the effectiveness on employment subsidy is significantly higher than that of R&D subsidy. Its effect has been relatively high in non-metropolitan areas and manufacturing industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2721-2728
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• 2012

Background: There are limited data evaluating the cost-effectiveness of gastric cancer screening using endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal x-ray in the general population. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for gastric cancer in South Korea by decision analysis. Methods: A time-dependent Markov model for gastric cancer was constructed for healthy adults 30 years of age and older, and a deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Cost-utility analysis with multiple strategies was conducted to compare the costs and effects of 13 different screening alternatives with respect to the following eligibility criteria: age at the beginning of screening, screening interval, and screening method. The main outcome measurement was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: The results revealed that annual endoscopic screening from ages 50-80 was the most cost-effective for the male population. In the females, biennial endoscopy screening from ages 50-80 was calculated as the most cost-effective strategy among the 12 screening alternatives. The most cost-effective screening strategy may be adjustable according to the screening costs and the distribution of cancer stage at screening. The limitation was that effectiveness data were obtained from published sources. Conclusions: Using the threshold of $19,162 per quality-adjusted life year on the basis of the Korean gross domestic product (2008), as suggested by the World Health Organization, endoscopic gastric cancer screening starting at the age of 50 years was highly cost-effective in the Korean population. The national recommendation for gastric cancer screening should consider the starting age of screening, the screening interval, and the screening modality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This study first addresses the ineffectiveness of indirect regulation on industrial machines. Analysis of causes of industrial accidents associated with industrial machines further reveals the fact that technical causes need to be resolved at the manufacturing stage to reduce the frequency and strength of industrial accidents. Balanced safety certification on manufacturers and safety inspection on users of industrial machines are then suggested to effectively resolve such technical causes. The effectiveness of such safety certification and safety inspection can be justified by cost-benefit analysis. Particularly, balance in expected benefits of safety certification and safety inspection is a key issue for validity of such analysis. The accumulated benefit-costs for press brake and portable sawing machine confirm the effectiveness of such safety system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2003

The monitoring effectiveness not only depends on the effectiveness of the network, but also the costs of the network. Generally the costs of the monitoring network are mainly on the equipment and personnel; the implementation and maintenance; the observation and sample connection; the sample analysis; and the data storage and processing. The cost of the monitoring network can be expressed as a function of monitoring frequency because the monitoring method can be an automatic or a manual measurement. To determine the sampling frequency of subsidiary groundwater monitoring stations, time series data of national groundwater monitoring stations were used. The proposed optimal sampling frequency for subsidiary groundwater monitoring station is about 7 to 20 days and the average frequency is about 2 weeks.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.151-156
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• 2012

Objective: In 2010, the rate of injuries and illnesses in the shipbuilding industry was 1.20, about 1.74 times higher than the average of overall industries(0.69). Musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) became a major problem since 2000 in shipbuilding industry. The purpose of this study was to provide efficient implementation management through evaluating the economic effectiveness of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Program(MDPP). Successfully implementing the MDPP in the workplace may decrease the risk of MSDs and therefore reduce MSDs related costs. Methods: Occupational accident index (frequency rate, severity rate, and frequency severity indicator), estimated direct costs, and total occupational accident occurrence rate were provided by analysis of MSDs, statistical analysis of MDPP decreed companies, and data analysis of implementation. Results: The study shows the number of MSDs for MDPP decreed companies decreased 76.2% from 2,319 in 2004 to 551 in 2008. Above all, the number of MSDs decreased 78.7% in Shipbuilding industries. Forty companies (85.1%) showed a decreasing tendency and 27.7% of those had an $R^2$ > 0.7. Similar results were found in severity rate and frequency severity indicator. From these results, it appears there are a number of advantages in implementing the MDPP. Conclusion: MDPP effectiveness was demonstrated by analysing implementation and occupational accident index. A more effective and efficient implementation would take into account business sector, size, policy, and organization of the company.