• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1983

This study has examined the principle of rationalization as a guiding principle in fisheries management. Generally speaking, the guiding principle of business management is the principle of profitability which is oriented to the profit maximization, but it has been insisted by Dr, Mohri that the principle of profitability should be translated into the maximization of ratio of added value on gross capital, According to Dr. Durcker, added value (contributed value) can be used to analyze productivity only if the allocation of costs which together make up the figures is economically meaningful. Therefore, the rationalization of fisheries management can be measured as a result of economic allocation of costs, The analysis of economic allocation of costs divides into macro-allocation of costs and micro-allocation of costs. In fisheries management, the former makes use of the analysis of break-even point, and the latter analyzes the efficiency of individual cost respectively and the state of division of costs which allocate into above-the-line expenses of lay system and management's burden expenses. In macro-allocation of costs, it is advisable that fixed costs be converted into variable costs. This is characteristically possible in fisheries management, because wages belong to variable costs in fisheries management while they are regarde as fixed cost in the other industires. Because we could find that all costs would belong to above-the-line expenses, in micro-allocation analysis, the very costs which are directly related to fisherman's poduction activity should be classified into above-the-line expenses, and the other costs into management's burden expenses. This is a central problem in the rationalization of fisheries management.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.2711-2717
• /
• 2011

This paper presents the classification scheme of the signal facilities on the railroad considering the construction costs and maintenance costs in a low population area. The construction costs of the new signal facility system can be compare with the costs of the present signal facilities as the classification scheme. The signal facilities on the railroad were classified as the railroad security regulations and then the scheme is considered through the LCC analysis. In order to test this research, the costs of signal facilities obtained from ones on TAEBACK railroad line. The costs categorized the construction costs, the labor cost and the maintenance costs can be effectively applied to the LCC analysis. The scheme is very useful to make a decision whether the new signal facilities on railroad in low population area is build or not in terms of the costs.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2016

Social costs analysis seeks to reveal the environmental effects of transportation policy. It delivers a sense of the effects of the public's daily travel and the costs that are or would be incurred from individual trips. Moreover, the accumulated total number of trips will uncover the effects of travel on society. This article shows the quantitative analysis of the economic outcomes of travel using social costs estimation methods. In order to support urban planning tasks, this research implemented analysis tool for social costs estimation by travel behavior. For a case study, a jave based application which can convert people's trip data into social costs is developed. the application used for simulating student-housing effects by estimating social costs changes. The analysis included the attributes, building scale and locational changes of the student housing as well as transforms of the students' trips.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.483-495
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to identify the dimensions of benefits and costs that consumers perceive in utilizing locationbased applications (LBAs) on smartphones, and to distinguish consumer groups according to their perceptions of those benefits and costs. A web-based consumer survey was conducted-among consumers who had experience using LBAs. Four hundred participants were 20's to 40's, with 200 women and 200 men. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, t -tests, one-way analysis of variance, and cluster analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study are as follows: first, LBAs accounted for about 20% of the smartphone apps used by consumers. Second, factor analysis identified the underlying dimensions of the benefits and costs of smartphone LBAs. The underlying dimensions of benefits perceived by consumers were information/economic/convenience, entertainment and personalization. Privacy concerns, lack of trust and lack of behavioral control were the underlying dimensions of the perceived costs of LBAs. Third, ANOVA showed that the perceived benefits and costs of smartphone LBA services differed according to the characteristics of the consumer. Cluster analysis identified three distinctive consumer groups according to the levels of perceive costs and benefits of smartphone LBAs. The three groups were labeled the 'benefit-cost balanced group,' 'cost centered group,' and 'benefit centered group.'

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1254-1259
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze elemental maintenance costs for educational buildings. The adapted research method selected three school buildings in Seoul as BTL projects. On the basis of the selected case, the study suggested a model to establish a system for each parts and to estimate analyzed maintenance costs through that system. According to the analysis, the study proposed a partial maintenance costs standard and analyzed proper maintenance costs. The results of this study are as follows 1) The system is divided into 8 large-groups and 24 small-groups for the analysis elemental maintenance costs. 2) The average rations followed by analysis of partial maintenance costs of the three school buildings are as followings, the total maintenance costs are analyzed 3,992 million won and each part of average rations is exterior of building 10.9%, interior of building 41.58%, electricity & fire fighting facility 14.22%, water supply & healthy facility 11.39%, heating & water supply facility 12.93%, landscape 6.3%, civil engineering works 2.69%.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2024

Purpose: A railroad project is a complex system with large construction costs in the initial stage and ongoing operating costs over its lifecycle. Current railroad projects tend to be based on construction options, which leads to huge deficiencies in operating costs. This phenomenon results from a lack of appropriate tools to accurately estimate a railroad project's lifecycle costs. This study attempts to analyze the major components of railroad operating costs and to propose a decision-making system for analyzing the long-term lifecycle costs of railroad projects. Research design, data and methodology: We review the literature and analyze the current status of railroad operating costs in Korea and overseas. Based on previous projects, a framework for project options and operating costs is proposed. The framework is applied to actual railroad projects to demonstrate the validity of the model. Results: Case analysis shows that our framework is comprehensive in analyzing the primary aspects of railroad operating costs and plays an effective role in choosing various railroad project options. This study points out that the railway project operates inefficiently because estimating long-term costs without reflecting specific project options causes many errors. Conclusions: A major contribution of this study is the development of an improved framework for accurately estimating operating costs and providing policymakers and engineering firms with a holistic decision support system. Detailed components in estimating operating costs of the railroad business are discussed. And we present a decision-making tool that policymakers and private businesses can use in planning the railroad business.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.305-318
• /
• 2009

A marine ranching project in Tongyoung was established in 1998, lasting 9 years to 2006. Project activities included the deployment of artificial reefs, the release of young fishes like jacopever and rockfish, and input/output control for specific marine ranching areas in Tongyoung. This report focuses on the economic feasibility of the project in hindsight. Analysis concentrates on three aspects; (a) direct economic benefits, such as increasing effects of fisheries income and savings in harvesting costs, (b) indirect benefits, including increasing effects of recreational fishing and saving R&D costs, and (c) costs, including releasing and purchasing costs of artificial reef and juvenile fish, R&D costs, maintenance costs and harvesting costs. Results show that NPV=4.7 billion won, IRR=8.55% and B/C ratio=1.286 under Scenario 1, which considers the saving effects of R&D costs, and NPV=0.9 billion won, IRR=6.03% and B/C ratio=1.11 under Scenario 2, which does not consider the saving effects of R&D costs, based on 5.5% of the social rate of discount. According to sensitivity analysis, the economic feasibility is very sensitive to the recapture rate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2020

Objectives: Aging is assumed to be accompanied by greater health care expenditures. The objective of this retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study was to identify and analyze the variables related to increased health care costs for the elderly from the provider's perspective. Methods: The analysis included all elderly inpatients who were admitted in 2017 to a hospital in Tehran, Iran. In total, 1288 patients were included. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: Slightly more than half (51.1%) of patients were males, and 81.9% had a partial recovery. The 60-64 age group had the highest costs. Cancer and joint/orthopedic diseases accounted for the highest proportion of costs, while joint/orthopedic diseases had the highest total costs. The surgery ward had the highest overall cost among the hospital departments, while the intensive care unit had the highest mean cost. No statistically significant relationships were found between inpatient costs and sex or age group, while significant associations (p<0.05) were observed between inpatient costs and the type of ward, length of stay, type of disease, and final status. Regarding final status, costs for patients who died were 3.9 times higher than costs for patients who experienced a partial recovery. Conclusions: Sex and age group did not affect hospital costs. Instead, the most important factors associated with costs were type of disease (especially chronic diseases, such as joint and orthopedic conditions), length of stay, final status, and type of ward. Surgical services and medicine were the most important cost items.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2003

This study intends to predict prospective defects and establish the plan of Preventive Maintenance through research and analysis of defect occurrences and their repair costs in the public equipment of ‘H’ apartment house from 1998 to 2001. According to results of the analysis, more than 90% of defects and their repair costs for 4 years of the building have occurred in heating, hot water and water supply equipments. In case of specific classification in each equipment, more than 60% of defects were found at hot water pipes and heating pipes, and their repair costs covered more than 60% of the total defect costs. After two repairs by ‘Preventive Maintenance’ had been performed in the year 1998, total defects and defects of each equipment each yew have increased in number from 1999 to 2001. But total repair costs and repair costs of each equipment have not increased as time has gone by, because repair costs have relationship with the price of materials and labor, the part of defect and the scale of repair.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.561-574
• /
• 2006

This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.