• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1694-1714
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• 2007

This study is to estimate economic benefits of Standardization R&D of Urban Rail System. Benefit was to be realized through standardization of main areas such as train vehicle, railway, power system, and signal system. To derive and calculate the quantitative benefit, the sources of economic impact was divided into three dimensions -operational cost savings, import substitution, and safety effects. Economic effect of the standardization was categorized based on a modified BSC model. Economic benefits from time and labor savings are converted into cost savings. Import substitution and investment multiplier effect have a positive impact in addition to cost savings. The estimation of the standardization R&D of Urban Rail System was conservatively estimated 370 billion Won. Cost effectiveness of standardized safety system was conservatively translated into economic benefit in this analysis. This study provides a practical guide to economic evaluation of the various railway R&D projects.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2006

Objectives : We wanted to evaluate the economic value of a pharmaceutical product, Kremezin, for treating patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) by estimating the amount of cost savings due to its effect for delaying the initiation of dialysis treatments. Methods : We defined a conventional treatment for CRF accompanied by Kremezin therapy as 'the treatment group' and only conventional treatment as 'the alternative group.' The types of costs included were direct medical and nonmedical costs and costs of productivity loss. The information on the effect of Kremezin was obtained from the results of earlier clinical studies. Cost information was derived from the administrative data for 20 hemodialysis and 20 peritoneal dialysis patients from one tertiary care hospital, and also from the administrative data of 10 hemodialysis patients from one free-standing dialysis center. Per-capita cost savings resulting from Kremezin therapy were separately estimated for the cases with delay for the onset of hemodialysis and the cases with immediate performance of peritoneal dialysis. By computing the weighted average for the cases of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, the expected per-capita cost savings of a patient with CRF was obtained. Using a discount rate of 5%, future cost savings were converted to the present value. Results : The present value of cumulative cost savings per patient with CRF from the societal perspective would be $18,555,000{\sim}29,410,000$ Won or $72,104,000{\sim}112,523,000$ Won if Kremezin delays the initiation of dialysis by 1 or 4 years. Conclusions : The estimated amount of cost savings resulting from treating CRF patients with Kremezin confirms that its effect for delaying the onset of dialysis treatments has a considerable economic value.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.35-55
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• 2005

This study attempts feasibility analysis of cataloging outsourcing. The economic analysis model based on information economics categorizes the benefit into direct benefit and value linking. We measure direct benefit by cost savings and cost avoidance, value linking by the degree of improvement in cataloging quality The results show that there is no feasibility overall, because librarians spent more time to control the quality due to vendor's lack of professionalism, resulting little effect on cost savings. When cataloging outsourcing is forcibly used under the economically infeasible condition, it is impossible to achieve the basic purpose of operating cost savings and improvement of service function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.4 s.35
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• pp.473-481
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• 2006

This study attempts to estimate economic benefits in terms of cost sayings and qualitative effects resulting ken implementation of new vehicle maintenance information system. It is widely expected that the effect of new vehicle maintenance information system will be significant in cost savings by information sharing and electronic documentation. To evaluate the economic feasibility of new system implementation, the study conducted seven subsystems case studies on the vehicle maintenance information system of Seoul Metro. Economic benefits are estimated by measuring the time savings, in turn, are calculated into cost savings by multiplying the average wages per hour of employee. The result of case study showed that over the 20 billion Won will be saved owing to new vehicle information system implementation. In conclusion, this study will contribute to the field of practices for the most, in evaluation of the economic benefits resulting from new information system implementation in the railway organization.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2008

Purpose: This analysis was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy for non small-cell lung cancer patients in an outpatient setting compared with the traditional inpatient setting. Methods: A cost-effective analysis was conducted from a societal perspective. The effects of treatment, which was measured as an adverse event rate, were abstracted from a published literature search and empirical data from one university hospital. The costs included both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs included hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and lab tests. Pharmaceutical costs were excluded in analysis because they were same for both options. Indirect costs included productivity loss of patients as well as care-givers. In order to determine the robustness of the results, sensitivity analysis on treatment protocol was conducted. Results: Literature search showed no difference in adverse effect rates between inpatient treatment protocol and outpatient treatment protocol. Therefore, this analysis is a cost-minimization analysis. Cost-savings in the outpatient setting was 555,936 won for one treatment cycle. Our sensitivity analysis indicated that the outpatient chemotherapy still showed cost-savings, regardless of changes in treatment protocol. Conclusion: The outpatient gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy for non small-cell lung cancer resulted in cost savings compared to inpatient chemotherapy. More importantly, outpatient chemotherapy could improve the utilization of health service resources in terms of available beds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.104-117
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• 1998

Rising concern about climate change has evoked interest in the potential for urban vegetation to help reduce the level of atmospheric CO\sub 2\, a major heat-trapping gas. This study quantified the functio of home energy savings and carbon emission reduction by shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction of urban vegetatioin in Chuncheon. Tree and shrub cover averaged approximately 13% in residential land. The effects of shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction annually saved heating energy by 2.2% and cooling energy by 8.8%. The heating and cooling energy savings reduced carbon emissions by 3.0% annually. These avoided emissions equaled the amount of carbon emitted annually from fossil fuel consumption by a population of about 1,230. Carbon emission reduction per residential building was 55kg for detached buildings and 872 kg for multifamily buildings. Urban vegetation annually decreased heating and cooling energy cost by ￦1.1 billions, which were equivalent to annual savings of ￦10,000 savings and carbon emission reduction due to tree plantings in the wrong locations, while windspeed reduction had a great effect. Plantings fo large trees close to the west and east wall of buildings, full tree plantings on the north, and avoidance of shade-tree plantings or selection of solar-friendlytrees on the south were recommended to improve the function of building energy savings and carbon emission reduction by urban vegetation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.311-317
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• 2016

In a smart commerce market, customers are seeking customized shopping services optimized for personal tastes and customized shopping experiences based on customers' tastes. Accordingly, individually customized services are needed more than anytime now. According to this demand, companies provide messaging services to the consumer, but do not include a personalized service for each individual. The purpose of this study is to combine the techniques of personalized services with messaging services and presents system construction plan and integrated model system for corporate messaging services and thereby possible are maximizing marketing effects and analyzing effects of cost savings. Applying the operation of the integrated model is proposed and message transmission scheme through effective personalization can be applied to personalized model using the personalized information according to customers' requirements. The integrated model of personalization on this study is expected to be highly effective when combined with the search service.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of maximal sterile barrier precaution on the central venous catheter-related infection and subsequent cost savings. Methods: Study subjects were 462 hospitalized patients with central venous, catheter of more than 48 hours duration. Data collection period was from April 2008 to February 2009 at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the treatment or the usual care group. Patients in the treatment group (n=209) were treated by staff using maximal sterile barrier precautions and the comparison group(n=253) received traditional care. Results: Central venous catheter-days was2,821 in treatment group and 3,515 in comparison group. The incidence density of central venous catheter-related infection was 2.1 times higher in the comparison group (8.2 per 1,000 catheter-days) compared with the treatment group (3.9 per 1,000 catheter-days). The incidence density of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection was 4.54 times higher than in the comparison group (3.2 per 1,000 catheter-days) compared with the treatment group (0.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). The attributable cost of central venous catheter-related infection in the treatment group was 10,174,197 won and that of the comparison group was 22,224,554 won. Attributable cost by area was also significantly lower compared with that of the comparisons. Conclusion: The maximal sterile barrier precaution during central venous catheter insertion was an effective intervention to reduce central venous catheter-related infection rate and provides a significant cost savings.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2015

The high-pass(brand name of Electronic Toll Collection System) utilization trend on the highway continues to grow as 59.4% (by the end of 2013). In this study, we applied the carbon balance method using a fuel chassis dynamometer with the four passenger car classes in order to measure the fuel consumption of the car using the expressway tollgate. We experimented 18 driving mode at general tollgate and high-pass tollgate. As a result, in case of entry/exit toll there were 21.0~56.4ml/veh fuel consumption savings, in case of open toll fuel consumption savings was analyzed as 10.5~28.1ml/veh. In addition, the annual fuel cost savings by virtue of high-pass was 28.2~57.3 billion won at 70% utilization rate, 32.2~65.5 billion won at 80%, 36.2~73.7 billion won at 90% and 40.3~81.9 billion won at 100%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.304-305
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• 2014

New and Renewable eco-friendly energy technique can be to enable rational use of resources, as well as securing economic efficiency. Therefore, most of the public facilities must apply eco-friendly energy systems. In this study was applied the solar light energy system to the construction projects. As a result, the proposed system was implemented various effect such as the power cost savings in public facilities. In addition to, the proposed system was improved functional aspects such as improving space utilization.