• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1709-1717
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• 2009

This review presents a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to assist Asian smallholder dairy farmers in identifying the possible causes for their poor farm performance and profitability. When assessing farm profitability, these indicators can be split into two types, those diagnosing problems with feeding management and those indicating poor herd management. As home grown forage is generally cheaper to source than purchased forage, the more produced on farm, the better. Too many stock on limited land is a common feature on Asian dairy small holdings. Unlike other classes of livestock, milking cows have very high nutrient requirements, therefore high quality forages and concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. Milk income less feed cost is one of the simplest and easy to measure indicators of farm profitability and is also quick to respond to small changes in farm practices. Problems with herd management can be diagnosed using measures such as the proportion of cows actually milking in the herd or their peak yield and persistency of production. There are also simple indicators of herd reproductive performance and of health and growth of young stock that assist in searching for the underlying causes of poor farm profitability.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

The concectration and distribution of contaminants obtained from a contaminated land investigation or an environmental geochemistry survey constitutes the basis of a decision-making process on environmental policies or of scientific researches. As the quality of data determines the reliability of the result, the investigation plan should be adjusted according to the purpose of the investigation. In general, the effort to improve the data quality had been focused mainly on the QA/QC procedures in laboratories. The rapid progress of analytical instrument has also contributed toward improving the analytical precision to a sacrificable degree. Nevertheless, in many cases, it is not the analytical precision that needs improvement for the better precision of overall measurement process: it is rather during the sampling process in the field that is responsible for the poor precision. To assess the data quality on a measured value, ISO recommends to provide information on "measurement uncertainty" along with the measured value. The measurement uncertainty in an environmental measurement context can be explained as the statistical number that expresses the degree of the uncertainty stemming from the sampling and analytical procedures. There is a cost involved in order to improve the precision of sampling and analytical methods so as to decrease the degree of measurement uncertainty. The economical point of compromise in an investigation planning can be achieved when the allowable degree of uncertainty has been set before-hand. The investigation can then be planned accordingly not to exceed the uncertainty limit. Furthermore, if the measurement uncertainty estimated from the preliminary investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the investigation should be allotted cost-effectively to reinforce the weakest link of the whole investigation process. This paper aims to present a method of estimating the level of measurement uncertainty of a measured contamination concentration at a site used as an example and to show how the estimated uncertainty can be applied to serve the particular purpose of an investigation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1995

This paper aims to study regional difference in strawberry farming technology and its causal factors based on the survey of controlled strawberry farmers in three major strawberry cultivating regions, which are Nonsan county of Chungnam Province, Damyang County of Junnam Province and Guchang County of Kyungnam Province. There are differences in variety adoption, packaging and grading method which cause the farming income gap among these regions. Farmers of Guchang County, who adopt new variety Yeobong and packing system, raised highest gross receipts but ranked next to Damyang in terms of net income because of high packing cost. Farmers of Nonsan County earned lowest income because of poor quality and low price in spite of adopting packing cost saving method. Therefore, results of this study shows that successful farming technology depend on whether or not farmers adopt market oriented technology. It is suggested that direction of strawberry farming technology should focus on adopting new varieties which can contribute to increasing farmers' paid price and developing technology of reducing cost such as labor saving and packing machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2007

This study focuses on the manufacturing process of a magnesium alloy impeller used for the fuel cell car using the hot forging technology. The impeller has the very complicated shape with sharply curved blade and thus generally produced by mechanical machining or casting process. However, since these technologies give the high manufacturing cost or poor mechanical properties, the forging technology is required to make the high-quality impeller with the lower manufacturing cost. In order for production of the impeller by forging technology, the parametric studies using finite element analyses were carried out to find the optimal perform shape of impeller made of magnesium alloy AZ 31 and finally die design was proposed based on the simulation results.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.525-528
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a novel idea to integrate low cost Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) for Telematics applications. As well known, low cost IMU produces large positioning and attitude errors in very short time due to the poor quality of inertial sensor assembly. To conquer the limitation, we present a bimodal approach for integrating IMU and DGPS, taking advantage of positioning and orientation data calculated from CCD images based on photogrammetry and stereo-vision techniques. The positioning and orientation data from the photogrammetric approach are fed back into the Kalman filter to reduce and compensate IMU errors and improve the performance. Experimental results are presented to show the robustness of the proposed method that can provide accurate position and attitude information for extended period for non-aided GPS information.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.4 s.94
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• pp.288-292
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• 2007

This study focuses on the warm forging of a magnesium alloy impeller used for the fuel cell. The impeller has the very complicated shape with sharply twisted blade and thus is generally produced by mechanical machining or casting process. However, since these technologies give the high manufacturing cost or poor mechanical properties, the forging technology is required to make the high-quality impeller with the lower manufacturing cost. In order for production of the impeller by warm forging technology, the parametric studies using finite element analyses were carried out to find the optimal perform shape of impeller. Based on the FE simulation results, dies for impeller forging were designed and the resultant forged impeller was shown.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.175-190
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• 2013

This study considers reliability growth management as the excellent method for construction equipment development with the effect on decreasing COPQ(Cost of Poor Quality Cost) of new products. MIL-HDBK-189A(1981) and RADC-TR-84-20(1984) standards provide a general concept of reliability growth management including to reliability growth test, models and FRACAS(Failure Reporting and Corrective Action System). There is no study how to apply reliability growth management to construction equipment(or machine) development. This paper propose the method to apply it to construction equipment development process from the reliability target setting for developing products to launching them at market. It is expecially showing how to set target reliability for new developing equipment and the development risk to reach the reliability target in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.3-7
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• 2002

In vitro embryo culture techniques provide significant contributions not only for a basic research of fertilization and early embryogenesis, but also for a low cost mass production of bovine embryos for transfer, embryo diagnosis, nuclear cloning and the production of transgenic cows. This presentation introduces newly developed serum-free media (IVD101 and IVMD101) that are effective far high yields of transferable embryos of excellent quality from in vitro-matured and fertilized oocytes. Both serum-free media are superior to a conventional serum-containing medium on the increased rates of blastocyst formation, post-thaw embryo viability, and pregnancy after transfer. Furthermore, reduced risks of calf mortality and large calf syndrome are also observed for the serum-free-derived embryos. Serum-derived embryos contain a large number of lipid droplets and immature mitochondria in their cytoplasm that may account for the lower production of transferable embryos and poor embryo quality.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2004

With labor shortage and high-wage era, the construction cost is rising and the construction business is dull, demanding the construction environment of Korea to raise profitability through major cost savings and rationalization of construction management. However, although reinforcing bar(rebar) work, which greatly effects the building's safety, endurance, and construction time, is an important phase in construction, it holds serious problem of quality and productivity deterioration due to its characteristic of intensive-labor and maintaining of old work methods resulting in poor management, and costs increase. Therefor in this study to investigate current situation and problems of rebar work and to find methods of betterment, a survey was conducted to site engineers and individuals in division of cost estimate of domestic construction company. The survey questions were on the subjects of (1) calculating rebar quantity, (2) ordering and procurement, (3) rebar cutting and bending, and (4) rebar work management. Method of improvement was sought by analyzing the results of the survey

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.683-689
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• 2005

The consecutive combination process of a biological process as the pre-treatment and a chemical process as the post-treatment is applied for the dyeing wastewater. The poor efficiency of biological treatment using pure oxygen makes the chemical treatment cost high. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of biological treatment in order to reduce the cost of chemical treatment. The purpose of this paper is to find the minimum dose of chemical reagent to fit the Discharged Water Quality Standards for the different biological treatment effluents. Results revealed that the minimum dosage of Fenton's reagent lead to save the cost of chemical treatment based on the guideline dose in the treatment plant. The possible maximum saving reagents was up to $70\%$ for the effluent of the pilot plant packed with the carrier imbedded microorganisms which were selected from the present treatment plant.