• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2011

Labor productivity is a significant factor associated with controlling time, cost, and quality. Many researchers have developed models to define methods of measuring the relationship between productivity and various parameters such as the size of working area, maximum working hours, and the crew composition. Most of the previous research has focused on estimating productivity; however, this research concentrates on estimating labor productivity and developing time and cost data for repetitive concrete pouring activity. In Korea, "Standard Estimating" only entails the average productivity data of the construction industry, and it is difficult to predict the time and cost spent on any particular project. As a result, errors occur in estimating duration and cost for individual activities or projects. To address these issues, this research sought to collect data, measure productivity, and develop time and cost data using labor productivity based on field conditions from the collected data. A probabilistic approach is also proposed to develop data. A case study is performed to validate this process using actual data collected from construction sites. It is possible that the result will be used as the EVMS baseline of cost management and schedule management.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.31-51
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a computational study that explores the design of rigid steel frames by considering construction related costs. More specifically, two different aspects are investigated in this study focusing on the effects of (a) reducing the number of labor intensive rigid connections within a frame of given geometric layout, and (b) reducing the number of different member section types used in the frame. A genetic algorithm based optimization framework searches design space for these objectives. Unlike some studies that express connection cost as a factor of the entire frame weight, here connections and their associated cost factors are explicitly represented at the member level to evaluate the cost of connections associated with each beam. In addition, because variety in member section types can drive up construction related costs, its effects are evaluated implicitly by generating curves that show the trade off between cost and different numbers of section types used within the frame. Our results show that designs in which all connections are considered to be rigid can be excessively conservative: rigid connections can often be eliminated without any appreciable increase in frame weight, resulting in a reduction in overall cost. Eliminating additional rigid connections leads to further reductions in cost, even as frame weight increases, up to a certain point. These complex relationships between overall cost, rigid connections, and member section types are presented for a representative five-story steel frame.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2021

Care services are a significant asset in human life. Care in its overall nature focuses on human needs and covers several aspects such as health care, homes, personal care, and education. In fact, care deals with many dimensions: physical, psychological, and social interconnections. Very little information is available on estimating the cost of care services that provided to orphans and abandoned children. Prediction of the cost of the care system delivered by governmental or non-governmental organizations to support orphans and abandoned children is increasingly needed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the care cost for orphanage organizations in Saudi Arabia to forecast the cost as well as explore the most influence factor on the cost. By using business analytic process that applied statistical and machine learning techniques, we proposed a model includes simple linear regression, Naive Bayes classifier, and Random Forest algorithms. The finding of our predictive model shows that Naive Bayes has addressed the highest accuracy equals to 87% in predicting the total care cost. Our model offers predictive approach in the perspective of business analytics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2022

The article analyzes the impact of factors affecting the use of cost information is examined, which adds to the empirical evidence on the factors affecting the use of cost information in Vietnam's seafood processing firms. 58 seafood processing firms in Vietnam were surveyed using a questionnaire survey of all levels of management, chief accountants, and accountants. A total of 235 questionnaires were gathered for the survey. Because many of the surveys were invalid due to empty cells, the author selected to use 214 questionnaires. The 5-level Likert scale is familiarly used in many studies, so the author also quantifies each factor according to five levels. Quantitative research was carried out with SPSS 25 software. Research results show that 4 factors The function of cost information, cost management, information technology, and management support in the seafood processing industry in Vietnam all have a positive impact on the use of cost information. The author has provided recommendations based on the research findings to expand the use of cost information, consequently helping to improve the performance of Vietnamese seafood processing businesses. Managers must improve a variety of resources, including facilities (software, hardware), people (in-depth training on CAS for administration), departmental awareness, and UCI's ability to assess responsibility and reward in the organization.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 2011

Labor productivity is a significant factor related to control time, cost, and quality. Many researchers have developed models to define method of measuring the relationship between productivity and various constraints such as the size of working area, maximum working hours, and the crew composition. Most of the previous research has focused on estimating productivity; however, this research concentrates on estimating labor productivity and developing time and cost data for repetitive concrete pouring activity. In Korea, "Standard Estimating" only contains the average productivity data of the construction industry, and it is difficult to predict the time and cost of any particular project; hence, there are some errors in estimating duration and cost for individual activity and project. To address these issues, this research collects data, measures productivity, and develops time and cost data using labor productivity based on field conditions from the collected data. A probabilistic approach is also proposed to develop data. A case study is performed to validate this process using actual data collected from construction sites and it is possible that the result will be used as the EVMS baseline of cost management and schedule management.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.271-282
• /
• 2015

External cost is cost imposed on a third party when producing or consuming a good or service. Since the 1990s, the external costs of nuclear powered electricity production have been studied. Costs are a very important factor in policy decision and the external cost is considered for cost comparison on electricity production. As for nuclear fuel cycle, a chosen technology will determine the external cost. However, there has been little research on this issue. For this study, methods for external cost on nuclear power production have been surveyed and analyzed to develop an approach for evaluating external cost on nuclear fuel cycles. Before the Fukushima accident, external cost research had focused on damage costs during normal operation of a fuel cycle. However, accident cost becomes a major concern after the accident. Various considerations for external cost including accident cost have been used to different studies, and different methods have been applied corresponding to the considerations. In this study, the results of the evaluation were compared and analyzed to identify methodological applicability to the external cost estimation with nuclear fuel cycles.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2017

In order to identify the factor and effect of shippers' inland transportation decision in North China and the Republic of Korea, the determinants of shipping liners, shippers and forwarders when selecting ports were extracted through previous studies and then analyzed using factor analysis and Fuzzy-AHP. As a result of analyzing the importance between groups, it can be found that while logistics costs at port and accessibility to hinterland are the most important factors for shipping liners, shippers and forwarders. Transportation cost by feeder is the most important sub factors for shipping liners. Inland transportation cost is the most important sub factors for shippers and forwarders. Through this study, it was recognized that one of the biggest concerns of shippers was reduction of inland transportation cost In addition, it was confirmed that the main factor of shifting the decision of the port selection from the shipping liners to the shipper is the reduction of inland transportation cost.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 2002

Multifunctionality of agriculture has been an important international issue in terms of environmental benefits and public concerns. We calculated soil loss mass in national basis using the USLE, and attempted to evaluate its economical benefits by replacement cost method. Soil loss mass ranged from 1.4 to $18MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ was fairly fitted to measured values for 13 cropping systems. In national basis, the factors in USLE were evaluated as: 429.4 for rainfall and runoff factor. R, 0.15 for soil erodibility factor, K, 1.72 for topographic factor, LS, 0.275 for cover and management factor, C, and 0.856 for support practice factor, P. The soil loss estimated from upland farming using the USLE was $26.1MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, but soil loss from the bare soil was $110.8MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, the ratio of soil loss from upland farming to bare soil was 23 percents. Function of reducing soil loss in comparison with the bare soil was $84.7MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, of which national soil loss mass was 62.6 million MT per annum in south Korea. Agriculture economic replacement cost of soil loss reduction was 497 billion Wons(398 million dollars) for the cost of upland soil dressing. For conservational purposes to increase the environmental benefits of upland farming, the agricultural practice including contour, strip cropping, terracing and division ditches should be implemented.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.5D
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 2008

The paper provides an approximate cost estimating model that can be used for tunnel. Based on the previous study analyzed critical factors that have impact on tunnel construction cost, this paper establishes a cost variance index table that reflects the cost impacts due to the change of the critical cost factors. An estimating procedure is described utilizing the index table. For the verification of the suggested model, the comparison of the estimated construction cost with real project cost is performed. The estimated results range from 95%~111% of the real project costs. As an approximate tunnel cost estimating model, the model can be utilized to quickly estimate tunnel construction costs based on the conceptual information at the planning stage and to efficiently make a decision on design alternatives.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the impacts of technological innovation and cost management on productivity in small shipping industries to come up with developmental implications. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 150 workers in small shipbuilding industries through April 2 to April 20, 2012. As for findings stated above, technological innovation and cost management in the Korean small shipbuilding industries were key factors that elevate financial and non-financial productivity. In the light of low technological prowess and cost structure of small shipbuilding industries, their productivity can be improved when intensive cost management with production factor technology as know-how is realized through quality management, which product development technology is the top priority as an independent niche strategy. Consequently, the combination of infrastructures in small shipbuilding industries with continuous efforts for cost reduction by the link to the systematized structure can't only secure their independent competitiveness, but raise their productivity.