• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2024

This paper examines the impact of ESG activities of domestic shipping companies on the cost of debt. It is known that companies with large information asymmetry tend to have high costs of debt. Corporate ESG activities have been identified as an effective means of reducing information asymmetry. By actively engaging in ESG activities, companies can lower the cost of debt by reducing information asymmetry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether these mechanisms, which have been observed in previous studies, also apply to domestic shipping companies. Multiple regression analysis is conducted on KOSP I-listed shipping companies from2010 to 2022. The cost of debt is set as the dependent variable, while the ESG rating is used as the explanatory variable. The analysis reveals that companies with a high level of ESG activities generally have a lower cost of debt. However, it is important to note that ESG activities of shipping companies do not seem to have a significant impact on their cost of debt. In fact, the level of ESG activities among domestic shipping companies is not particularly high (Hong, 2024). Despite these findings, domestic shipping companies should still strive for sustainable management to adapt to the rapidly changing business environment and meet the demands of the modern era. ESG management is a representative method for achieving sustainability. Therefore, shipping companies should not only focus on reducing the cost of debt but also on opening up the closed industry culture and communicating with capital market participants for sustainable growth. It is crucial for these companies to listen to the voices of stakeholders and embrace a holistic approach to sustainability.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2008

This paper presents the evaluation procedures and the estimation method for the estimation of optimal rebate level for EE(Energy Efficiency) programs. The penetration amount of each appliance is estimated by applying price function to preferred diffusion model resulted from model compatibility test. To estimate the optimal rebate level, two objective functions which express the maximum energy saving and operation benefit are introduced and by multi-objective function which can simultaneously consider two objective functions the optimal rebate level of each appliance is estimated. And then, using the decided rebate level and each penetration amount, the priority order for reasonable investment of each high-efficiency appliance is estimated compared to the results of conventional method. Finally, using a benefit/cost analysis based on California standard practice manual, the economic analysis is implemented for the four perspectives such as participant, ratepayer impact measure, program administrator cost and total resource cost.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.217-234
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• 2004

Information technology has been transforming the relationship between shippers and carriers, but an unresolved question remains: what is the relative importance to shippers of service versus cost benefits of e-logistics solutions? This research develops and empirically tests a model to determine how Internet-based logistical operations in international shipping impact on the relative importance of cost versus service benefits to shippers. Contrary to expectations, results show that shippers perceived cost benefits from well-designed web sites, undoubtedly a consequence of perceptions that multi-function portals with ease of access contributed to savings in time and money. Another result was the confirmation of the positive effects of cargo tracing and bill of lading issuance on service-related factors. Finally, this study draws attention to the need for improvements in on-line booking capabilities and development of a comprehensive common portal; issues that must be addressed for shipping lines to succeed in an increasingly competitive e-logistics market.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

Organization change projects such as Business Process Redesign(BPR) have been implemented by many firms for enhancing their organizational performance. However, management is reluctant to initiate these projects due to enterprise-wide impact and steeper project cost than the traditional system development projects. Thus, there emerges a need to accurately assess the value of the redesigned organizational process for the successful implementation of BPR projects. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of process redesign in the point of resource utilization and allocation, and cycle time and cost reduction. The candidate process and the design alternatives are identified from organizational requirements analysis. The variables and their relations are defined to perform task activity analysis, bottleneck analysis, cycle cost analysis, and resource utilization analysis. A Case study of a manufacturing company indicates that the assessments method proposed in this study is a promising approach to identify the business alternative process that lead to the highest organizational performance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1987

A new method for designing air pollution monitoring newtork is presented in this study. In this method, the magnitudes and the correlation coefficients of predicted concentrations in each grid points are examined and the monitoring stations are assigned to those stations which cover the damage cost the most. This method was applied to the Ulsan-Onsan Industrial Complex. This method turned out to be much more efficient than the method of TM coordinates and the method of concentric circles prescribed in the Standard Methods for Pollution Measurement as well as the existing monitoring system established in the area. The 21 stations selected by the method of TM coordinates could cover only 64.4% of the damage cost in the area, the 16 stations by the method of concentric circles 72.1%, and the existing 21 stations 67.8%, while 11 stations were enough to cover 90% of the damage cost in the area with this method. It also was found that this method required only 24 stations to cover the entire area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2009

Recently, several industrial countries using the fission energy have given attention to the Gen-IV SFR (sodium-cooled fast reactor) for achieving sustainable nuclear energy systems. In this context, an SFR is currently developed at the design concepts study stage in the Republic of Korea [Kim & Hahn 200909]. The sustainability of systems means economic, environment-friendly, proliferation-resistant, and safer systems. More specifically, this sustainability can be accomplished in terms of resource recycling and radioactive waste reduction. In the present work, the objective of fuel cycle cost modeling is to identify the impact of various conceptual options as a cost reduction measure for the Gen-IV SFR at the design concepts study stage. It facilitates the selection of several reasonable fuel cycle pathways for the future Gen-IV SFR from an economic viewpoint.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1981

The continuous increase of crude oil consumption has struck great impact into the world economy, When we consider disadvantageous articles in contract for oil import, it would be desirable to import in batch the total quantity of crude oil contracted, but which is not available under the present situation which has many constraints This paper treats of the ways to deliver the crude oil in a given period so as to maximize the profit derived from the sales of oil products, To do this we should consider the prices of crude oil and oil products, inventory cost, transportation cost, oil refinement cost, and fluctuations of these parameters in a given period. The case of Korea Oil Corporation is treated in this paper to generalize the problem of crude oil transportation from Middle East and formulated in a mathematical programming. This programming is transformed into Dynamic Programming through specifing states, stages, payoffs, and recursive function. To clarify these procedure and methods, the case of Korea Oil Corporation is dealt with again and demonstrated in detail.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3521-3526
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• 2016

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as a breast cancer screening modality, through generation of three-dimensional images during standard mammographic compression, can reduce interference from breast tissue overlap, increasing conspicuity of invasive cancers while concomitantly reducing false-positive results. We here conducted a systematic review on previous studies to synthesize the evidence of DBT efficacy, eventually 18 articles being included in the analysis. The most commonly emerging topics were advantages of DBT screening tool in terms of recall rates, cancer detection rates and cost-effectiveness, preventing unnecessary burdens on women and the healthcare system. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential impact of DBT on longer-term outcomes, such as interval cancer rates and mortality, to better understand the broader clinical and economic implications of its adoption.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2011

Congestion management is one of the most challenging tasks of a system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In this paper, cluster/zone method and relative electrical distance (RED) method for congestion management are compared based on the considered parameters. In the cluster/zone method, rescheduling of generation is based on user impact on congestion through the use of transmission congestion distribution factors. In the RED method, the desired proportions of generations for the desired overload relieving are obtained. Even after generation rescheduling, if congestion exists, load curtailment option is also introduced. Rescheduling cost, system cost, losses, and voltage stability parameter are also calculated and compared for the above two methods of congestion management. The results are illustrated on sample 6-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and Indian utility 69-bus systems.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-184
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• 2009

Recently, mobile telecommunication businesses contend with each other to expand their customer base by using aggressive marketing strategies. In order to determine if there strategies are effective, customer's switching behavior needs to be studied. This study identifies and analyzes direct, indirect factors that may customer switching behavior : attractiveness of alternatives, network externality, and switching cost. Results reveals that attractiveness of alternatives, network externalities have a direct impact on customer switching behavior. These two factors also have moderating effects on customer switching behavior but the switching cost does not In short, network externalities and alternatives strategically determine the success of 3.5G service. In this regard, mobile business should improve their own attractiveness of alternatives by developing specialized service in 3.5G service.