• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the farms growing domestic kiwi fruit 'Gold' on their management performance and efficiency in order to reduce the risks involved with introducing new kind of crops for growing, and suggest improvements. First, the result of analysis showed that domestic kiwi fruit 'Gold' growers' income were higher than the average growers due to the fruit's high unit price and productivity. Second, the analysis of management efficiency resulted in scale efficiency having greater impact on inefficiency rather than pure technical efficiency. As for the analysis of technical efficiency, the depreciation costs of agricultural facilities had the greatest influence on its inefficiency. Third, inefficient farms put in excessive inputs across the board, while labor costs(self labor cost + hired labor cost) were the largest factor of optimal inputs according to the models of technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. Fourth, because of greater reliance on mechanical tools from rising labor costs, there's a need for individual farms to avoid buying farming equipments and instead share the equipments of nearby farms and agricultural cooperatives, or start renting agricultural machines from companies.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.388-393
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• 2009

It is important to know character about efficiency of converters before manufacturing it. Recently, various techniques are developed for solar array system. Converters can be used for control of solar array's condition. So, solar array with converter structures are very useful. If we want to measure converter's efficiency after manufacturing it. It's not difficult if we have measuring equipment. But we need to measure efficiency before realization converters for development of optimized efficiency and simulations. This research offers an efficiency calculation of single phase hard switching boost converter. And it is the most basic type of converters. In fact, it can be used techniques for getting higher efficiency like soft-switching and more. But the cost is an important issue in compact solar array system. One way to escape from the cost problem is finding optimized efficiency of basic types of convener.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2023

The Korean military has sought to build an all-round military force against the national and international security environment and future asymmetric threats as well as the military threats it faces. However, while raising the need for timely electrification, there are few cases of quantitatively evaluating the loss when electrification is delayed, making it difficult for our military to provide a logical basis to support the importance of the electrification period. Therefore, through this study, we tried to analyze the index of loss cost that can support the need for timely electrification with logical and quantitative data and present it as a logical basis. To this end, the loss cost was calculated in terms of combat efficiency, equipment utilization rate, and maintenance requirements, which can be quantitatively calculated based on "combat readiness," a general impact on the military in case of delayed timely electrification.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.3-27
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• 2010

In this paper, we have analyzed the cost structure of the Korean manufacturing industry in relation to the central government's environmental investment(CGEI below) by applying translog variable cost function. Important findings are as follows. First, sufficiency degree of CGEI of 0.7230, less than optimal level of 1, causes production inefficiency. Therefore, central government should forward a strategy to raise CGEI to meet appropriate standards. In addition, inspite of the deficiency of CGEI, shadow priceis lower than market price due to q-value of 0.9572, yielding unfavorable conditions for CGEI. However, CGEI brings about increase in output, variable cost saving, and economies of scale of firms. Second, by comparing this study with an existing study(2010), we have discovered the following facts. In both studies, we find that there are deficiency of investment, unfavorable conditions in investment, economies of scale, and output increase due to investment. However, the current study has found that, CGEI, which shows efficiency by positive(+) shadow price, saves variable cost. Therefore, firms suffer from production inefficiency due to variable cost caused by a shortage of efficient CGEI. Moreover, the previous study conducted in 2010 found that investment in prevention of environmental pollution(IPEP below), which indicates inefficiency by negative(-) shadow price, cannot reduce variable cost. In such circumstances, firms yield abnormal production efficiency based on variable cost savings caused by inefficient IPEP. For this reason, firms should raise IPEP to optimal level to reduce IPEP inefficiency to achieve production efficiency by reducing variable cost.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

Objectives: Since 1991, nationwide massive neonatal screening program for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism have been performed in Korea. As in many other countries, efficiency of this program has not been definitely concluded. For the purpose of evaluation of this program, from the perspective of efficiency, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out. Methods: Costs of the detection and the treatment program were compared with the projected benefit(avoided costs) that results from the prevention of the mental retardation associated with the disorders due to PKU and hypothyroidism. Costs and benefits were discounted at an annual rate of 5%, and duration of life-long labor was assumed to be 30 years. Cost and benefit were estimated based on the detection rates of one case of PKU per 5,572 and one case of congenital hypothyroidism per 32,554 babies screened during 1991-1997. Results: The benefit-cost ratio was 0.418. The sensitivity analysis for the discount rates and labor durations showed that most cost-benefit ratios were lower than one(1.0) except when discount rate was changed to 3% and detection rate to two- or threefold and/or labor duration to 40 years. Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that present program of mass screening for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism could not be justified in terms of efficiency. It doesn't coincide with the results of previous studies in major developed countries, presumably because of difference in detection rates and welfare cost for the disabled.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

There are lots of buildings which were built before the Legislation on building energy rating system. Remodeling of the buildings would be required for an improvement of the building energy rating system was enforced by the government. In the Passive Building Design, Elements which will be used for the remodeling are Insulation, Window, External venetian blind, Heat exchanger. The Purpose of this study is to indicate a Method for the improvement of Energy saving by an analysis of Construction Cost, Cost Evaluation, Energy performance Efficiency in applied design elements. In this study, the remodeling of existing public buildings to improve energy efficiency rating was applied to extract the elements of design-specific energy performance, efficiency, and the application of the designs that has been analyzed. The results were as follows: applying the design-specific cost-effective investment that represents the economy (investment efficiency/%) surveyed the average insulation(7.0%), triple glazed windows(10.1%), double glazed windows(12.1%), external shading(24.5%), and Heat(77.2%) were analyzed in order to be more efficient. Analysis of the basis of information on the existing public buildings to improve energy efficiency rating for the remodeling depending on driving conditions at a degree of individual difference. The main effect, however, depending on economic investment, design elements, heat exchangers, external awning, double glazed windows, triple glazed windows, insulation, is recommended as review of the order shall be determined.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

Background: This study is designed to estimate the factors that affect the level of three different performance (publicity, efficiency, profitability) among regional public hospitals. Methods: The units of analysis are the regional 30 hospitals, which have the operating data during 22 years (from 1933 to 2014). The research method is used by fixed panel analysis. The publicity is measured by medicaid outpatient proportion and medicaid inpatient proportion. The efficiency is measured by two types of efficient score by DEA (data envelopment analysis). The profitability is measured by medical income to medical revenue and ROA (return on total asset). Results: At first, the increase of bed gives negative affect to the publicity but give positive effect to the efficiency and profitability. Because it means the increase of the region population, it gives more profitability compare to hospital with small number of beds. The more the operating period is the higher effect to the publicity and efficiency because of it's refutation. The debt ratio gives negative effect to publicity, but positive effect to profitability. It is the normal belief that there is inverse relationship between publicity and profitability. The turnover rate of bed gives the negative affect to the publicity, but positive affect to the efficiency and profitability. That give us the implication that type of the inpatient make different effect the hospital performance. The ratio of labor cost give negative effect to all kind of performance. That means that the higher labor cost don't mean the higher publicity and labor cost control is very important factors to hospital performance. So the region hospital have to focus the labor factors more to make higher performance. Conclusion: As the conclusion, the independent variables give similar effect to the efficiency and the profitability, but give inverse effect to the publicity. That means that if an region hospital want to make the more publicity, it loss the higher efficiency and profitability. Specially publicity is higher negative relation with the profitability.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.235-240
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• 2009

Crystlline silicon solar cells markets are increasing at rapid pace. now, crystlline silicon solar cells markets screen-printing solar cell is occupying. screen-printing solar cells manufacturing process are very quick, there is a strong point which is a low cost. but silicon and metal contact, uses Ag & Al pates. because of, high contact resistance, high series resistance and sintering inside process the electric conductivity decreases with 1/3. and In pastes ingredients uses Ag where $80{\sim}90%$ is metal of high cost. because of low cost solar cells descriptions is difficult. therefore BCSC(Buried Contact Solar Cell) is developed. and uses light-induced plating, ln-line galvanization developed equipments. Ni/Cu matel contact solar cells researches. in Germany Fraunhofer ISE. In order to manufacture high-efficiency solar cells, metal selections are important. metal materials get in metal resistance does small, to be electric conductivity does highly. efficiency must raise an increase with rise of the curve factor where the contact resistance of the silicon substrate and is caused by few with decrement of series resistance. Ni metal materials the price is cheap, Ti comes similar resistance. Cu and Ag has the electric conductivity which is similar. and Cu price is cheap. In this paper, Ni/Cu/Ag metal contact cell with screen printing manufactured, silicon metal contact comparison and analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 1998

This paper attempts to improve domestic natural gas pricing system, thereby optimizing social welfare. This is done by deriving theoretical frameworks of natural gas pricing, which make use of both Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule based on the theory of marginal cost. Allocative efficiency and social welfare between gas prices derived from the three pricing mechanism, present Cost-based pricing, Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule, are analysed and compared in the case study. For the city gas, allocative efficiency of Cost-based pricing is higher than that of Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule. In contrast, for the natural gas consumed for power generation, allocative efficiency of Cost-based pricing is lower than the other two pricing systems. It also turns out that social welfare is improved by the prices driven from Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule rather than present Cost-based pricing.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.385-396
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in Kenge, Kwango District, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) from 2014 to 2016. Methods: The economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age who have recovered from malnutrition status was evaluated using a cost-benefit analysis. The costs were analyzed according to the executed budget incurred during the project period. The benefits were estimated as the monetary value of the saved lives of children under 5 years of age. The economic efficiency of the program was determined by the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The BCR was calculated by dividing the total discounted benefit by the total discounted costs. The project is economically efficient when the BCR is greater than 1. Results: The costs of the nutrition management program were calculated as 1,677,609,648 Korean Won (KRW). A total of 2,466 children survived with improved malnutrition status through this program. The benefit for the reduction of mortality for children under 5 years of age was estimated to be 6,814,354,467 KRW, the estimated value of life for 2,466 children. The BCR was 4.06. Conclusions: The nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in DR Congo was found to be a cost-effective project. Successful and efficient Official Development Assistance (ODA) for a health project requires integrated and comprehensive strategies and specialized international development consulting to improve efficiency. Future nutrition management programs should take into account the national health program to maintain the sustainability of the project.