• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

In this paper, a noncontact type torque meter using silicone rubber to measure the exact torque value and reduce a vibration and a noise, was developed. When planetary gear speed reducer runs, torque, RPM etc.. of motor change according to load or speed change. So, it needs a device to detect load's change or to diagnose the state of thewhole drive department by monitoring these result values. The noncontact type torque meter using silicone rubber that we're trying to develop this time is low-cost and can measure RPM and torque value simply. Also, it caculate a power using this value and indicate them on screen.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.5-35
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• 2004

본 연구는 의료비 지출이 가입자에게 미치는 경제적 영향을 의료비지출자의 종사상 지위변화와 가구내 소득 소비실태 변화를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 또한 의료비지출에 미치는 요인과 이와 같은 의료비가 종사상 지위변화 및 소득변화에 영향을 미쳤는지 분석하였다. 분석자료는 '한국노동패널'의 4차 연도 부가조사인 '건강과 은퇴' 응답자 가운데 의료비 지출자 4,215명의 자료를 5차 연도와 병합하였다. 분석결과 의료비지출자의 근로소득대비 의료비는 평균 5.5%로 나타났으나, 저지출 집단과 고지출 집단과의 격차가 크게 발생하였다. 또한 상대적 저소득그룹의 의료비 부담이 가구근로소득의 1/3을 차지하여 저소득계층은 의료적으로 취약할 뿐만 아니라 의료비부담이 과중함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 의료비 고지출 집단은 사적이전소득이 높아, 의료비가 발생할 경우 가족 및 친지로부터 의료비 등의 지원이 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 의료비가 발생할 경우 금융소득 및 부동산을 처분하여 의료비를 충당하는지에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 의료비 지출자 가운데 종사상 지위는 14.4%만이 변화하였으며, 의료비 지출의 평균이상 여부가 종사상 지위변화의 주요 요인이 되었다. 즉, 의료비 저지출 집단은 건강이 상대적으로 나쁘지 않음을 의미하여 의료비의 비중이 낮을 뿐 아니라, 이와 같은 요인이 종사상 지위변화에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 의료비지출이 높은 그룹은 건강이 악화되어 종사상 지위까지 변화시킨 것으로 보인다. 나아가 이와 같은 종사상 지위변화는 총소득 변화에 부(-)적인 영향을 미쳐, 종사상 지위가 변화된 경우 총소득이 감소하여 가구내 경제상황이 더 악화된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 우리나라 건강보험은 질병으로 인하여 발생하는 비용과 함께, 경제활동 축소 및 중지에 따라 발생하는 소득손실을 보장하는데 미흡한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

우리나라의 건설공사비지수는 지난 2004년부터 매월 발행되고 있다. 이 지수는 공사비 실적자료의 갱신과 공사비 변동분석, 시장가격의 평가에 직간접적으로 활용되어 왔다. 그런데 이 지수는 한국은행의 산업연관표와 생산자물가지수를 이용하는 가공통계자료이기 때문에, 이들 기초통계 자료에 변화가 있을 경우, 지수 작성모델의 변경이 반드시 필요하다. 최근 한국은행은 생산자물가 지수와 산업연관표의 작성원칙과 기준연도를 변경하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 변경된 기초통계자료의 내용과 그 영향을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 건설공사비지수를 새롭게 개선하였다. 또한 기존의 생산자물가지수 등과 그 편제 품목 및 가중치 변화 등을 분석함으로써 개선된 지수의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an appropriate trade-off information for the conflicting interests caused by the various factors between building owner and contractor during selecting the contractor and performing the construction work, in which the construction was contracted by open bidding from the government or private organizations. In order to propose the legitimate evidence, the differences between the domestic contract sheet of drawing change and the process of drawing change and those of the foreign countries were compared and analysed. The number of construction ordered in Youngdong area in 2001 whose construction expenses are more than 100,000,000 won is 218 items and 147,005,000,000 won in total cost. Among them, the number of 218 items whose total cost amounts to 16,705,000,000 (11.36%) is in case of increase of construction expenses due to the drawing changes, and the number of 48 items whose total cost amounts to 2,009,000,000 won (1.37%) is the case of decrease. In conclusions, the contractor could have more benefits than the building owner in case they submit the detailed estimate sheet without eliminating the increasing expenses of construction. It is shown that the building owner's loss is increasing whenever the labor cost is higher than material cost. Therefore, this thesis proposes a proper standards for the harmonious compromise between the contractor and the building owner for the problems caused by the drawing changes when the contract agreement is occurred.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2008

본 연구는 외부비용의 한 항목인 유지비용을 내부화하여 이에 따른 사회적 후생의 변화에 대한 연구이다. 연구대상으로는 민자 고속도로, 고속국도, 그리고 일반국도 등, 도로여건과 통행요금이 다른 3가지 노선이 경쟁하고 있는 천안$\sim$논산간 노선을 선정하였다. 유료도로의 수요함수는 회귀분석을 통해 도출하였다. 최선 가격설정법의 현실적용 어려움을 고려하여 유지비용을 통행요금에 재반영하는 방법으로 차선 가격설정법을 적용하였다. 유지비용을 통행요금에 반영함으로써, 노선별 통행량 변화에 따른 사회적 후생뿐만 아니라, 통행수입금의 변화 측면도 함께 연구하였다. 분석결과, 차선 가격설정법을 적용함에 따라 사회적 후생의 변화는 작은 차이를 보였으나, 재정적인 측면에서는 고속국도에 유지비용을 반영하였을 경우 연간 약 130억 원의 재정적인 효과가 있어 국가 재정 지원 감소에 기여할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

정부에서는 지구온난화에 따른 이산화탄소 저감 및 자원순환형(Zero Waste) 사회구축을 위해 가연성 폐기물을 대상으로 한 고형연료화 사업을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 가연성 폐기물 고형연료(SRF) 사업에 대하여 추가 편익을 고려한 경제성 평가를 실시하였다. 경세성 분석은 수도권매립지에 반입되는 폐기물을 대상으로 한 SRF 시설을 가정하였으며, 비용은 건설비와 운영비를 고려하고, 편익으로는 열 및 전력 판매비, 환경 편익, 매립대체 편익을 고려하였다. 결론적으로 SRF 사업은 환경편익 등 기타 사업시행에 대한 편익을 고려하면 1.0으로 산출되었으며, 이 결과는 전력가격 및 물가변동에 따른 인건비 등에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 SRF 사업의 지속성을 위해서는 정부의 투자비 지원뿐만 아니라, 전력판매에 따른 적정한 정책지원 방향 설정 등이 필요 하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to reexamine the price fairness as practiced by low cost airlines, as a consumer has to experience such inconveniences as inferior airport transportation, extra fees on in-flight meals, and non-negotiable seats, and consumers evaluate such experiences keeping in mind their total costs. This evaluation includes price fairness and allows a reasonable and overall consideration of factors of low cost airlines. It tries to set up a measurement of the indicators consumers' perceptions of price fairness academically as it adapts price fairness to airline services which are renowned for price volatility. Research design, data, and methodology - The research proposes an alternative pricing strategy for the long term profit of low cost airlines after going over conflicts between the traditional theory of consumers' price perception mechanism and flexible fair policy of low cost airlines. It was meaningful when it relates to the early stage of the business, while it enhances the risks relating to the long term survival of low cost airlines. In addition, it is significant as it highlights the negative influences on consumers' perceptions of price fairness, as low cost airlines run on extremely low cost perspectives. Results - The results of the research provide insight into four perspectives, as consumers' perceptions of price fairness are influenced by the frequency and range of price changes and services. The first perspective is that it would lead to positive price evaluation when a low cost airline cuts prices frequently with little changes than one big change. It also would lead to the same result when it comes to necessary services. The second perspective is that one big increase of price would rather undermine the negative aspects of price changes than those of several smaller ones. The third perspective is that additional services would be good to consumers' perceptions of price fairness as compared to discount benefits with respect to the cost. Finally, a low cost airline should consider that consumers will change airlines or defer their flight schedule if the flight fares increase beyond their limits. Conclusions - Low cost airlines should reconsider their pricing policies for services that were provided free earlier. A consumer would not like discount benefits when made to pay for services that were, for long, free of charge. If a low cost airline can provide services with no charge, it should improve volumes if the costs are standardized and, moreover, should consider the charging fees. Alternatively, a consumer can choose between services and fair discount. Low cost airlines are implementing sales promotion strategies, as the competition is more intense than it used to be. In these days, they should regard services over sales promotion, as consumers may prefer to spend money on good premium services. Some differentiation in services could create a good market position for the airlines and, hence, good financial performance.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.325-326
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• 2021

Design changes are inevitable areas of work for construction engineers as they occur frequently in the construction site, and are becoming a technical measure of the technical person to the design change. In this study, the purpose is to analyze by comparing the availability of excel and the enscised program during design changes through the case, and to present the efficiency of the the Cost-of-construction Program.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.546-558
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• 2017

The amount of multimedia traffic over the Internet has been increasing because of the development of networks and mobile devices. Accordingly, studies on multicast, which is used to provide efficient multimedia and video services, have been conducted. In particular, studies on centralized multicast tree construction have attracted attention with the advent of software-defined networking. Among the centralized multicast tree construction algorithms, the group Takahashi and Matsuyama (GTM) algorithm is the most commonly used in multiple multicast tree construction. However, the GTM algorithm considers only the network-cost overhead when constructing multicast trees; it does not consider the temporary service disruption that arises from a link change for users receiving an existing service. Therefore, in this study, we propose a multiple multicast tree construction algorithm that can reduce network cost while avoiding considerable degradation of service quality to users. This is accomplished by considering both network-cost and link-change overhead of users. Experimental results reveal that, compared to the GTM algorithm, the proposed algorithm significantly improves the user-experienced quality of service by substantially reducing the number of linkchanged users while only slightly adding to the network-cost overhead.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.205-229
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• 2016

Owing to the current economic downturn, one of the most important goals of the organizations who are actively involved in Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) is the cost efficiency. We focus on supplier firm's domain understanding to make the cost efficiency; therefore, we examine how the disadvantages from lower domain knowledges affect outsourcing performance moderated by outsourcing ratio and knowledge change environments. That is, if clients can endure disadvantage from service providers' lower domain knowledge, they can achieve cost efficiency by choosing lower domain knowledge suppliers with less expensive cost. To examine performance gap depending on the environments, we applied 'A Learning Model of IT Outsourcing' which is suggested by previous literature. As a result, we suggest five strategies for clients to contract with suppliers which have lower domain knowledge: (1) Prepare the strategy to endure disadvantages from the early stage. (2) Make the strategy depending on outsourcing ratio. (3) Knowledge transfer between organizations is important. (4) Make a short-term contract if they do not have good environments for organizational learning. (5) Client's knowledge change environments are more important than those of supplier's. Finally, we offer various implications for clients and suppliers in IT outsourcing.