• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.37-51
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for establishing a policy to promote the export of Korean goods through the economic ripple effect of the Korean Wave. From 2001 to 2017, cultural goods exports and consumer goods exports data to 102 countries were used to estimate the effect of cultural goods exports on domestic consumer goods exports. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the Gravity Model, we analyzed the effects of domestic film, publishing, music, broadcasting, clothing, cosmetics, processed food, IT products, and automobiles on the export of consumer goods. Results: The empirical analysis estimated the trade creation effect of exports of cultural products driving exports of consumer goods and found that a 1% increase in exports of cultural products increased 0.136% in exports of consumer goods. Conclusions: The average rate of change in consumer goods exports due to changes in cultural product exports was 22.44, which could be interpreted as an increase of $2,244 in exports of consumer goods such as IT products, cosmetics, clothing, and processed foods. According to the analysis of export-driven effects of each consumer item by dividing cultural products by sector, the effects of export of processed foods, clothing, cosmetics, IT products, and film, music, publishing exports were statistically significant.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.803-816
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of channel assessments on the usage of multi-channels by product types, and the differences in the usage of multi-channels among product types in buying decision making process for fashion products. Data were collected from 510 consumers in their 20s to 50s with purchasing experiences through multi-channel distribution system and living in Seoul and Kyunggi province; 491 were analyzed after deleting incomplete questionnaires. Factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis by using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows: 5 factors were extracted for channel assessment: utility, accuracy, risk, price benefit and sharing information. Price benefits, utility and sharing information for online channel tended to influence positively on the usage of online channel and online+offline channels. Accuracy and low perceived risk of offline influenced positively on offline and on+offline channel usages. The usage levels of on-line and off-line channels for cosmetics were significantly lower than the usage levels for clothes and accessories on information search, evaluation of alternatives, and purchase stages. Significant differences were also found in the usage levels of multi-channels (on+off-line) on information search and evaluation of alternatives stages. The usage levels of the multi-channels for clothes were the highest followed by those of accessories and cosmetics in order.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted with the goal of increasing research interest in H&B stores as a new distribution channel to identify factors influencing the revitalization of the H&B stores in Korea in distribution channels, in detail, the relationships among perceived values, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. Research design, data and methodology: With 499 respondents, this study used exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis to verify the reliability and validity of measured variables. Multiple regression was employed as a statistical method for the hypotheses of the study. Results: According to the results of the analysis, H&B stores are targeted by female customers in their 20s and 30s. The findings showed that four perceived values affect store satisfaction and trust. Store satisfaction and trust have positive effects on loyalty. Comparing the two variables, store satisfaction had a slightly stronger effect on loyalty than on trust. Conclusions: This study identified the store’s diverse values for the revitalization of the H&B stores need to provide to customers. The stores need to form facilities that can enhance the value of shops perceived by customers, and to establish distribution strategies that can further increase store satisfaction, trust, and loyalty to expand trading areas as multi-brand shops.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2019

With the expansion of various distribution channels in online and offline stores, TV, and mobile, consumers now have more information search and retail selection channels to choose from than ever before. Major retailers now use multi- and omni-channel strategies. This study focused on cross-channel consumption, which involves the use of different information search and purchase channels. Using cross-channel consumption, consumers can search for information online and then make purchases offline and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between channel strategies and other consumer variables, and the study also assessed the effect of product type. To conduct this empirical study, the researchers developed a consumer questionnaire concerning three consumer channel strategies-on-on, cross, and off-off-and four product categories-clothing, cosmetics, books, and electronics. The results indicated that gender and marital status did not influence consumer channel strategies, but that age did have a significant influence. The analysis showed that consumers in their 40s preferred the cross channel strategy, perceiving it to be effective, satisfactory, and rewarding. Compared to other products, clothing products showed higher levels of cross channel strategies. Consumers indicated that they prefer searching for information online and then purchasing clothing offline. Overall, clothing products generated higher levels of channel satisfaction and channel switch intentions. Cross-channel clothing shoppers reported effective information retrieval times but longer delivery times.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.71-92
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• 2003

Specialty stores, which have been major channels of Korean cosmetic industry, are bringing out a lot of problems in current distribution channel systems because of its repeated depression of sales. Especially, inefficiency in distribution channel systems is caused by cannibalistic price-off competition between specialty stores, too many launchings of new products, excessive sales promotion, absence or surplus of stock, and so on. Using qualitative methods such as in-depth interview and group discussion, the authors attempt In diagnose fundamental problems of the cosmetic specialty store distribution channels in three viewpoints； achievement of goals, marketing flows in channels, and relationship management. In addition, this paper suggests core strategies for building up the competitiveness of both of the maker and the retailer, The competitive strategies are mainly about securing profitability of retailers, smoothening of marketing flows in channels, and building-up trustful relationships between distribution channel members.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

Purpose: Recently, Korean cosmetics distribution market has been reorganized with the H&B store. In the domestic cosmetics distribution market, existing brand road shops are decreasing, and multi-shops are leading the H & B stores, which have greatly improved their experience and content. In these environmental changes, the offline distribution channels are turning into the multi-editing shops that have introduced products of various brands and greatly enhanced experiences and contents. Nevertheless, most studies of factors and measurement items for measuring customer experience in the H&B store use Schmitt (1999)'s Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a measure that is practicable through consideration of the in-store customer experience components of the H&B store. Research design, data and methodology: Based on Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), which are widely used in customer experience marketing, the metric pool was constructed through customer and literature research on H & B store managers. Since then, 101 preliminary surveys and 211 main surveys have been conducted in order to propose a dimension of customer experience and refine the metrics. Results: As a result of the research, H&B store's customer experience was derived from a measurement model consisting of 19 measurement items in total of five dimensions: environmental experience, intellectual experience, behavioral experience, tech experience, and relationship experience. This study analyzed that compared to the existing Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), (1) emotional experience expanded to environmental experience, (2) Cognitive and relationship experiences are maintained (3) behavioral experience was subdivided into physical and technical experiences. In particular, the environmental experience has been proposed as a major component is an important point because the H&B store recently opened a large flagship store and is competitive in constructing a differentiated space. Conclusions: Related experience was seen as an important component of customer experience in the offline store, but in the process of refining the scale, interaction items with employees of the H&B store were removed, and rather, participation in the APP or SNS channel of the company, event Participation, interaction with other customers, etc. appear to be important, while suggesting the practical implications.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to build a systematic frame for effective marketing performances by prioritizing product type and pertinent channel that are appropriate for digital channel characteristics. FCB grid model was used to define a product type, and Internet communication satisfaction index was considered as a marketing performance measuring tool for digital channel. Research design, data, and methodology - As systematic understanding for Digital marketing is still unfamiliar to even professional marketer, the hypothesis was established based on preliminary research by conducting a qualitative survey of marketing experts who already experienced digital marketing in the fields as well as existing related study literature. Through a preliminary research, the degree for understanding for digital marketing, current digital marketing (including product/channel mix) execution status, and difficulties for marketers who had experienced digital marketing were figured out. Based on preliminary research, the main part of survey was designed to examine which type of product would be effective for digital marketing and which digital channel would be effective to achieve marketing performance in line with marketing objectives. To collect data, the questionnaire survey was conducted for professional marketers who had experienced digital marketing in 10 different fields including FMCG, cosmetics, distribution industry for one month (July, 10, 2014~Aug, 10, 2014). A total of 90 questionnaire were distributed and 66 questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analysed using SPSS ver.18.0. Results - The analysis for product type which is pertinent to digital marketing and prioritization for digital channel per digital marketing performance type could be summarized as followings. First, high involvement buying decision type of product and rational purchasing decision type of product in FCB grid are more effective for digital marketing in terms of marketing performance. Therefore, marketers in field would prioritize considering product type before executing digital marketing. Second, factor for sales increase, potential consumer creation and brand awareness was represented respectively 31.25%, 21.9%, and 20.8% as a result of factor analysis in terms of digital marketing channel performance. Third, effective major digital channel per digital marketing performance factor was differently identified as each digital channel has its own peculiarity. For instance, search engine is more effective for increasing sales while social media such as facebook and Kakaotalk is more effective for encouraging consumer participation. Conclusions - As a result of this study, product type and peculiarity which were pertinently fit to digital marketing were identified by using FCB grid model, and also suggested framework for decision making of digital channel selection in line with marketing objectives for effective marketing performance. It also provided insight to professional marketer which type of product could be effective for digital marketing execution as well as which factors should be measured for digital marketing performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2014

This study is to contribute to the policy decision of cosmetic industry through analyzing marketing mix factors which affects customers' buying intention. For this study, marketing mix factors that impact on cosmetic customers purchasing intention were collected and chi-square independence analysis of SPSS and qualitative analysis technology of Kano & Timko were used. Analysis reached one conclusion, which factors were maximizing customers satisfaction, shows the price discount policy and recommendation from family and colleague. Product's effectiveness, usefulness and skin compatibility were rated as an one-dimensional quality as those factors were linearly affected when customers needs were satisfied. However product's containers, package design, colors, brand reputation, low and middle price, distribution channel and advertising medias were investigated as an indifferent quality and they were rated as low satisfaction/dissatisfaction coefficient of Timko. Therefore they do not need to invest to those factors too much budget for attaining customers' buying intention.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

A microfluidic method for the in situ production of monodispersed alginate hydrogels using biocompatible polymer gelation by crosslinker mass transfer is described. Gelation of the hydrogel was achieved in situ by the dispersed calcium ion in the microfluidic device. The capillary number (Ca) and the flow rate of the disperse phase which are important operating parameters mainly influenced the formation of three distinctive flow regions, such as dripping, jetting, and unstable dripping. Under the formation of dripping region, monodispersed alginate hydrogels having a narrow size distribution (C.V=2.71%) were produced in the microfluidic device and the size of the hydrogels, ranging from 30 to $60{\mu}m$, could be easily controlled by varying the flow rate, viscosity, and interfacial tension. This simple microfluidic method for the production of monodisperse alginate hydrogels shows strong potential for use in delivery systems of foods, cosmetics, inks, and drugs, and spherical alginate hydrogels which have biocompatibility will be applied to cell transplantation.