• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception of males about make-up and the make-up process, analyze principal factors affecting their decision when purchasing cosmetics and, ultimately, to provide basic data for further survey and research into features of cosmetics and their satisfaction. The subjects of the study a.e male adults living in Jeonju, Iksan and Gunsan cities of Jeonbuk province. Surveyors made direct interviews with the subjects from October 21 to 30, 2003 and collected 174 questionnaires from them, which were subsequently put to the final analysis. The demographic characters of the surveyed showed that 60.9% of them were in the age ranging 30 to 39, 75.3% married, 69.5% undergraduates or graduates, 39.1% self-employed, 25.9% earning more than 3.01 million Won monthly and 43.7% spending less than 10,000 Won a month for cosmetics. Their make-up and purchasing pattern of cosmetics featured that 54.0% of the surveyed use cosmetics for skin care, 54.0% for cleanness and health, 84.5% for foundation(lotion or skin lotion) only, and 60.9% once a day. Out of the surveyed males, 79.3% haven't experienced any adverse side effects after make-up. Of those who experienced, 80.5% named disagreement of cosmetics with skin for the reason. As for kind or symptom of the side effects, 38.8% set forth itching. Among those who had aftermath or intoxication from make-up, 52.8% said they could recover naturally. According to the survey, 57.5% felt somewhat awkward after make-up, but not quite bad though. Thirty-seven point nine percent of the males surveyed replied they cared little about the purpose of male-oriented cosmetics. Quality was raised by 31.0% as the foremost issue to improve. Television turned out to be the main source for 56.9% of the surveyed to get information about cosmetics. For 56.35%, general discount shops are preferred to buy cosmetics and 24.7% of them take ones recommended by salespeople. When buying cosmetics, 47.1% considered color and fragrance most seriously.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

Modern dental reconstructions do not only aim at restoring the patient's mastication, but rather at improving general well-being and quality of life, especially in terms of esthetics. The media, the internet, advertising, and many other facts of society contribute to an increased cosmetic awareness. A 35-year-old male patient presented with as follows: 1) the porcelain fracture of ceramo-metal restoration on #11 and #23, 2) the inclination of incisal plane to horizontal reference plane, 3) the dental midline deviation to facial midline, and 4) the lack of symmetry on upper anterior dentition. The patient requested an aesthetic improvement using fixed prosthodontics including implant-supported restorations. In the upper anterior region, one of the goals of the conventional as well as implant prosthesis is to achieve restorations with the dental attractiveness and beauty in the respect of dental, dentofacial, and facial compositions. This case report presents geometrically improvement of dental esthetics using conventional and implant prosthesis with soft and hard tissue augmentation.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

Ginseng, a Korean native herb, has been a symbol of mystic cure-all which provides longevity benefits throughout Korean history. According to Chinese historical records, a major source of wild ginseng has been described as Korean peninsula, which is the most suitable ginseng production area, and the Manchu region near Mt. Baekdu and the Maritime Province. Since Tang dynasty period (618-917 CE), Chinese has also called ginseng as "Goryeo Ginseng", which is named after "Goguryeo" (37 BCE-668 CE), an ancient kingdom of Korea, from which they mainly imported the herb as the region was famous for its high quality of ginseng. To date, it refers to Korean ginseng. This study compares the medicinal properties of ginseng as stated in the ancient Korean medical books with the major Korean historical records regarding the usage of ginseng and its symbolism of longevity in everyday life. By contrasting these findings, we tried to figure out how the actual medicinal properties of ginseng and the anticipation of longevity are related. It was confirmed that the expectations about longevity were widely applied to everyday life. In addition, the study investigates the various usage of ginseng as a motive for decorative patterns and as an ingredient for daily products including snacks, health drinks, various types of food, clothing patterns, and so on. Finally, the usage of ginseng ingredients in the cosmetic products fulfilled the desire of Korean people to purchase, showing the aesthetic recognition and medicinal understandings about the herb. These findings suggest that ginseng is an important medicinal agent that not only symbolizes longevity and good health but also has a great influence on the lives of Koreans.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The aim of extremity reconstruction has focused on early wound coverage and functional recovery but rarely aesthetics. As the quality of life improves, however, the request for aesthetics has been growing. The authors has conducted retrospective reviews on the 86 cases that had extremity reconstruction using free flap, considering the characteristics of parts that had been assessed in primary operation between May 1996 and December 2010. Aesthetic grading was performed in four categories; color, texture, contour and marginal scar. Recipient sites were 42 hands, 19 feet, 14 lower extremities excluding feet and 10 upper extremities apart from the hand. Types of free flap were 16 latissimus dorsi free flaps, 13 anterolateral thigh free flaps, 12 dorsalis pedis free flaps, 8 transvers rectus abdominis free flaps, 7 gracillis free flaps, and 5 superficial temporal fascia free flaps. Total flap necrosis was seen in 8 cases(9.3%) and partial necrosis in 5 cases(5.8%). Secondary revision was done in 24 cases(27.9%) and the most common revision, debulking was done in 14 cases(16.3%). The authors has considered cosmetic aspects along with wound coverage and functional recovery in primary reconstruction. The results of aesthetic grading was 16.2 out of 20, and the secondary revision rate was reduced.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.313-320
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• 2018

The importance of sensors on a self-driving vehicle has rising since it act as eyes for the vehicle. Lidar sensors based on laser technology tend to yield better image quality with more laser channels, thus, it has higher detection accuracy for obstacles, pedistrians, terrain, and other vechicles. However, incorporating more laser channels results higher unit price more than ten times, and this is a major drawback for using high channel lidar sensors on a vehicle for actual consumer market. To come up with this drawback, we propose a method of integrating multiple low channel, low cost lidar sensors acting as one high channel sensor. The result uses four 16 channels lidar sensors with small form factor acting as one bulky 64 channels sensor, which in turn, improves vehicles cosmetic aspects and helps widespread of using the lidar technology for the market.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2012

Background : Skin injuries, such as lacerations due to trauma, are relatively common, and patients are very concerned about the resulting scars. Recently, the use of ablative and non-ablative lasers based on the fractional approach has been used to treat scars. In this study, the authors demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) for traumatic scars using a 2,940-nm erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser for traumatic scars after primary repair during the early posttraumatic period. Methods : Twelve patients with fifteen scars were enrolled. All had a history of facial laceration and primary repair by suturing on the day of trauma. Laser therapy was initiated at least 4 weeks after the primary repair. Each patient was treated four times at 1-month intervals with a fractional ablative 2,940-nm Er:YAG laser using the same parameters. Posttreatment evaluations were performed 1 month after the fourth treatment session. Results : All 12 patients completed the study. After ablative fractional laser treatment, all treated portions of the scars showed improvements, as demonstrated by the Vancouver Scar Scale and the overall cosmetic scale as evaluated by 10 independent physicians, 10 independent non-physicians, and the patients themselves. Conclusions : This study shows that ablative fractional Er:YAG laser treatment of scars reduces scars fairly according to both objective results and patient satisfaction rates. The authors suggest that early scar treatment using AFR can be one adjuvant scar management method for improving the quality of life of patients with traumatic scars.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.128-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and recent trends of Korean herbal medicine cosmetics brand logos and to shed light on the identities of herbal medicine cosmetics in Korea. Ultimately this study aims to seek ways to develop strategic global brands distinguished from other brands, and providing the basic data for such development. In order to investigate the characteristics of brand logos, the researcher of this study chose 11 Korean Herbal Medicine Cosmetics Brands marketed today and collected information related to the brands from their websites. The visual characteristics of the logos currently used by Korean herbal medicine cosmetics can be summarized as follows. Most brand logos include marks consisting of Chinese letters written in calligraphy styles to represent the brand information of'Korean herbal medicine.' As for colors, most brands use mostly black and gold to present luxurious images, or convey strong impressions through stark contrast between black, red and white, hoping to distinguish themselves from other cosmetic products. An analysis of the linguistic characteristics of herbal medicine cosmetics in South Korea revealed that most brands use associative and freestanding brand names which suggest that the user's appearance will improve by using the products they represent. Using such names that convey oriental purity and mysterious meanings, trying to capture the deepest beauty with the best quality, the brands construct brand images that are luxurious and high-class. Most of the brands currently used by Korean herbal medicine cosmetics employ components that emphasize the functional aspect of Korean herbal medicine cosmetics. To secure the status of world-class brands, however, it is imperative to conduct research on brand logos capable of establishing identities distinguished from others.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.1 s.22
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

In the quality control of the aerosol skincare products containing powders, it is essential to guarantee that the contents in the bottle can be completely used without leakage or clogging of the nozzle. In this paper, the clogging caused by powder was investigated and the clogging can be effectively removed by emulsifying the contents containing powder with the LPG using a proper surfactant. And the spraying test shows that the contents in the bottle are completely propelled to outside by LPG when properly emulsified by POE(40) HCO.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1998

The traditionally useful coverage methods of the wrist and hand soft tissue defect are the chinese forearm flap, the ulnar forearm flap. But, this flaps are inevitably sacrifice major vessel to the hand. Advantages of the posterior interosseous artery island flap(PIA Flap) is no need to sacrifice blood supply to the hand and supply relatively large thin, good quality flap and more cosmetic than other forearm flaps. But, it is difficult to dissect and raise because of deep seat, close relation with the posterior interosseous nerve and anatomic variation. Authors evaluated 8 cases of 7 patients in the department of orthopaedic surgery, college of medicine, Hallym University from January, 1993 to December, 1995. The results are as follows: 1. The satisfactory coverage was achieved 7 cases and 1 case failed because of anatomic variation. 2 The pedicle length is average 9cm and the flap size is variable from 3cm by 4cm to 5cm by 8cm. 3. The donor site defect was repaired by direct closure in 5 cases, remained 3 cases combined with skin graft. From our experience we conclude that the PIA flap is one of the useful coverage methods of the wrist and hand soft tissue defect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.103-108
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• 2019

The cooling rate and the uniformity of mold temperature, in the injection molding process, possess great influences on the productivity and quality of replications. The conformal cooling channel, which is of a uniform spacing from the mold cavity by the metal additive manufacturing process, receives much attention recently. The purpose of this study is to develop a mold core with a curved conformal cooling channel for a pottery-shaped thick-wall cosmetic container through the hybrid method of direct metal tooling (DMT) process. In this study, we design a mold core that contains the curved cooling channel for the container. A method that divides the cavity is proposed and the DMT process is carried out to form the curved cooling channel. The test mold core, with the curved conformal cooling channel, has been fabricated by the proposed method to confirm the feasibility of the design concept. We show that no leakage is observed for the additive manufactured test mold core, and its physical properties demonstrate that it can be sufficiently used as the injection mold core.