• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of the percutaneous and open repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 24 patients (group 1) managed with percutaneous repair, and 21 patients (group 2) managed with open repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture. The postoperative evaluations were done by an Arner-Lindholm scale and AOFAS score. Postoperative overall satisfaction and cosmetic satisfaction were also evaluated. Results: By Arner-Lindholm scale and AOFAS score, there was no difference between two groups (p<0.05). As for postoperative overall satisfaction, 5 cases were very satisfied, 16 cases were satisfied and 3 cases were fair in group 1. In group 2, 12 cases were very satisfied, 9 cases were satisfied. For postoperative cosmetic satisfaction, 13 cases were satisfied, 11 cases were fair in group 1. In group 2, 9 cases were very satisfied, 12 cases satisfied. In open repair group, a case of deep wound infection and three cases of skin necrosis were reported as complication. 2 cases of sural nerve injury were seen in percutaneous repair group and were recovered within 3 months. Conclusion: Percutaneous repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures have high level of cosmetic satisfaction compared with open repair without any significant difference in clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Purpose: To compare and analyze the ocular changes after wearing conventional and 2-weeks cosmetic tinted contact lens, which were made of different material and fabrication method. Methods: Thirty five university students, age of twenties, participated in this study. With daily wearing schedule, they had worn temporary cosmetic tinted lens for 2 weeks and conventional tinted lens for two month in their right and left eye, respectively. Subjective symptoms and objective signs were graded by using CCLRU scales and corneal thickness were measured after 1 day and 2 months wearing, and under or over 5 hours wearing in a day, respectively. Results: Major subjective symptoms found in the student wearing cosmetic tinted contact lens for a 1 day and 2 months were dryness, redness, foreign body sensation and itchiness. It was also found that those symptoms were more severe in left eye (conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens) than right eye (2-weeks cosmetic tinted contact lens). However, symptoms of redness in both eyes showed statistically significant difference in the case of 1 day and 2 months wearing and under or over 5 hours wearing in a day (p=0.000). After 2 months wearing, left eye with conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens showed limbal redness (p=0.000) and bulbar conjunctival redness (p=0.012) with statistically significance, whereas there was no significant difference in both eyes before lens wear. Left eye showed statistically significant changes in all objective signs, but right eye showed palpebral conjunctival redness, corneal staining and conjunctival staining. Therefore, it was concluded that conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens may be more effective on ocular changes after wearing of lens. A statistically significant changes in both eyes after wearing lens were found that corneal thickness increased about $5{\mu}m$ (p=0.001) in right eye whereas $7{\mu}m$ (p=0.004) in left eye. Conclusions: A statistically significant number of participants in this study preferred to wearing of high Dk/t temporary cosmetic tinted contact lens made by sandwich method which resulted in less ocular changes and may give more healthy and safe ocular conditions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

Objectives : Gamisoyo-san complex prescription were made with Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodes rhizome white, Hoelen, Bupleuri Radix, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Menthae Herba. The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effect of the extract from Gamisoyo-san, which is one of the used herbal complex prescription. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effect of Gamisoyo-san in tyrosinase activity. Cell viability were performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, Gamisoyo-san measured reversed-transcription-PCR for mRNA expression using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Results : For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of extract was shown to 52.4% at $5,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The cell viability on B16F10 melanoma cells of Gamisoyo-san extract showed higher than 75% at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In this study, an experiment was performed by setting the non-toxic concentration range of 50, 150, $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a positive control. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory by reverse transcription-PCR of Gamisoyo-san extract were decreased by 95.3%, 98.8%, 96.3% and 49.5% at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which the highest concentration. Conclusions : All these findings could verify that whitening effects of Gamisoyo-san extract by tyrosinase inhibitory activity and mRNA expression. The Gamisoyo-san could be used as material for functional cosmetics, such as skin whitening products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.158-177
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• 2016

In recent years, K-beauty including Korean cosmetics and beauty care tips, is becoming popular in various Asian countries such as China and Vietnam along, with the popularity of the Korean wave. Color images are a highly effective tool in establishing image development strategies in the process of developing cosmetic brands. Surveys on the color images of K-beauty perceived by foreigners need to be preceded for the development of differentiated images and the establishment of management strategies regarding K-beauty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the color images perceived by Asian consumers about K-beauty, and come up with measures to facilitate K-beauty. To this end, this study selected the two countries, China and Vietnam that show high levels of acceptance of K-beauty, and compared the color images of K-beauty perceived by female consumers in these countries. Then, the study visually suggested these images with color palettes, and compared differences in the perception of color images according to demographic characteristics. Beijing and Shanghai showed similar degrees of perception in most color images of K-beauty whereas Hanoi showed a lower perception level. K-beauty color images were classified into 6 groups: feminine, natural, elegant, modern, sensual, active, and popular, which represent symbolic images of K-beauty.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.401-411
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate appearance concern, attitude toward cosmetic surgery, self-esteem, quality of life, and to identify affecting factors of quality of life on elderly women. The subjects consisted of 162 elderly women in the G city. The variables were measured using questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistic, ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The appearance concern, attitude toward cosmetic surgery were not significant difference in 60s and 70s. Quality of life was significant difference in 60s and 70s. Factors influencing quality of life in 60s were self-esteem, perceived health status, and explanation of quality of life is 39.1%. In 70s were self-esteem, level of education, and explanation of quality of life is 41.7%. These results suggest that it is necessary for aging preparation education included appearance concern and should be made to develop program to improve quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2003

In this study, We measured transmittance and color change of various photochromic lens as a function of temperature(6, 12, $28^{\circ}C$), irradiation time of UVA lamp and the types of materials(plastic and glass) and distribution of photochromic ingredients(coated and bulk type). The coated-type photochromic lens showed higher saturated value than bulk-type lens without regard to temperature. And darkening rate of smoke color lenses were higher compare to brown lens in case of glass photochromic lens. All of photochromic lens passed ANSI Z80.3 regulation in transmittance and color independent of temperature. The saturated values of plastic photochromic lens excluded coated-type and glass photochromic lens were ranked as cosmetic use. The saturated value of coated-type. Tbr and TMs were general applications in $6^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, but cosmetic purpose in $28^{\circ}C$. The darkening rate was increased with decreasing temperature, whereas the fading rate became higher with increasing temperature.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.545-556
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• 2014

The most rapidly growing manufacturing could be cosmetics industries due to this phenomenon. In this study, the cosmetic distribution structure not to mention Korea, Asia's largest market, China and Japan are based on references. Purpose of study is to provide a basis for marketing strategy through the research process and results. Korea cosmetics market has been exerting a tremendous power of LG Household & Health and Amore Pacific as a major company. Cosmetics industry is rapidly booming around the mid-priced brand through internet shopping, TV shopping, and road shops. Cosmetics preferences were analyzed targeted at tourists by distributing questionnaire to 1500 in road shop and Myeong-dong from September 14 to October 13, 2013. The answers for the questions of the most awareness cosmetic brands in Korea are appeared in order of Laneige, Innisfree, The Face Shop. The satisfaction of the use of Korea cosmetic are 61.85% and the reasons are that in a variety of color cosmetics are 32.58%, the reaction of around that you look prettier are 29.34%. Therefore purchasing products are 49.14% of the color cosmetics and 24.93% of the functional products. Within the result of the survey, although the quality versus the price for the Korean cosmetic brands has been competitive advantage over yet from the advertising of Korea wave stars, the foreign purchasers have been willing to buy the color cosmetics and high-end performance products being the research and development of the continuously higher quality of the performance if the preceding even if being more expensive purchase price.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the related to cosmetic studies and to offer the study directions. A journal selected for this study is The Korean Society of Cosmetology only registered on Korea Research Foundation. A total of 493 articles in journal of The Korean Society of Cosmetology were reviewed and analyzed carefully. The results of review and analysis were as follow: The articles of the Korean Society of Cosmetology were classified into varies sections by main subjects, which are Basic Science, Make-up, Hair, Skin, Cosmetic & Hair Product, Beauty History, Beauty Education, Fashion. From the groups of main subjects, it was then classified into secondary subjects. In the result of examined frequencies in main subject of the articles showed highest of 89 in basic science, 84 journals in Beauty Marketing related, 73 in Hair. And from the classified secondary subjects, highest frequencies showed in the study based on second in study based on Cosmetic of 46 and Aesthetician of 41 journals. The research trend in the field of cosmetics showed the quantitative increase of article publication in journals. However, the contents lacked in depth compared to subdivided fields and the target or the method of conduct researches were in disproportion. Therefore, clearness is necessary in definitions of the field of cosmetic study and the standard of division in each fields.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

Background In all branches of medicine, it is the surgeon's responsibility to provide the patient with accurate information before surgery. This is especially important in cosmetic surgery because the surgeon must focus on the aesthetic results desired by the patient. Methods An experimental protocol was developed based on an original questionnaire given to 72 patients. The nature of the responses, the patients' motivation and expectations, the degree of patient awareness regarding the planned operation, and the patients' perceptions of the purpose of the required consent for cosmetic surgery were all analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results Candidates for abdominal wall surgery had significantly more preoperative psychological problems than their counterparts did (P=0.035). A significantly different percentage of patients under 40 years of age compared to those over 40 years of age searched for additional sources of information prior to the operation (P=0.046). Only 30% of patients with a lower educational background stated that the preoperative information had been adequate, whereas 92% of subjects with secondary schooling or a postsecondary degree felt that the information was sufficient (P=0.001). A statistically significant difference was also present between patients according to their educational background regarding expected improvements in their quality of life postoperatively (P=0.008). Conclusions This study suggests that patients require more attention in presurgical consultations and that clear communication should be prioritized to ensure that the surgeon understands the patient's expectations.