• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

Echinacea purpurea, an indian traditional plant medicine has been widely used as herbal remedy for the treatment of disease such as colds or other infections. However, Echinacea purpurea extracts recently have been applied as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. We artificially cultured Echinacea purpurea by using the bioreactor culture system for this study. We induced callus from Echinacea purpurea and separated adventitious roots, harvested and extracted after cultured in bioreactors. Previously, several studies have been reported on anti-oxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea extract but other efficacies were not well known. In this study, we investigated the whitening, anti-wrinkle and anti-oxidant effects to know applicable value of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots extract(TCEPARE) as a cosmetic ingredient. TCEPARE did not show cytotoxicity until a concentration of 2% and showed the anti-oxidative effect in DPPH and NBT tests. Also, the extract decreased tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. TCEPARE reduced protein levels of MMP-1, 2 secreted in culture medium or in cell lysates. From these results we suggest that TCEPARE has potential benefits applicable as to cosmetic ingredient for skin care products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

This study tried to find out implementation factors of internal marketing for a cosmetic retailer, and to look into their effects on Salesperson's job satisfaction, organization commitment, customer orientation and sales performance. For this, this study inquired into the concepts and relationships of internal marketing, job satisfaction, organization commitment, customer orientation and sales performance through literature review; and tested the relationships between the variables by setting up a research model and hypotheses. The findings of this study may be summarized as follows: First, it was found that the better the education & training, the supervisor support and the compensation system among internal marketing factors of a cosmetic retailer were, the higher a door-to-door salesperson's job satisfaction was. Second, it was found that the better internal communication and the education & training among internal marketing factors of a cosmetic retailer were, the higher a door-to-door salesperson's organization commitment was. Third, the higher the job satisfaction of a door-to-door salesperson in a cosmetic retailer was, the higher the organization commitment was. Fourth, it was found that the higher the organization commitment of a door-to-door salesperson in a cosmetic retailer was, the higher the customer orientation was. Fifth, it was found that the higher the organization commitment and customer orientation of a door-to-door salesperson in a cosmetic retailer were, the higher the sales performance was. In conclusion, the internal marketing increases door-to-door Salesperson's job satisfaction, and enhances the sense of belonging to their cosmetic retailer. Further, they come to have a customer-oriented attitude in serving customers, which is directly connected to sales performance, and thus the retailer can create profits through internal marketing. Therefore, a cosmetic retailer will need to strengthen internal communication activities through diverse methods, expand and activate employees' professional education, and develop fair and just compensation system; and supervisors will need to give support to employees, trusting their judgment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.453-459
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• 2016

The 'Collaboration Marketing' is at its prime in domestic-cosmetic market. It is one of the most well known strategic marketing methodologies that maximize customers' attention by combining visual images or illustrations with market's current best selling products. The ultimate goal of my study relies on analyzing the correlation between 'Collaboration Package-Design (CPD)' and customer's actual purchase. Literature research was conducted as the primary step for theoretical basis, while the secondary step mainly deals with three different types of existing 'collaboration marketing' in the worldwide cosmetic market. Lastly, an empirical study through hypothesis test, survey and in-depth interview was conducted. As the outcome of study, two among three hypothesis have been proven while 'Character collaboration' which based on the concept of 'Kidult' (combined concept of Kid and adult) is the most popular tool. This study supports the idea that consumers get more influences from 'image and scarcity' of CPD rather than the actual function or performance of cosmetic products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.463-470
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• 2004

Artificial skin culture broth (DA-3711) was developed by using Dong-A pharmaceutical's artificial skin culture technique, and it contains plenty of nutrients, natural extracellular matrix proteins and human growth factors, which may improve aged skin conditions. The anti-aging effect of DA-3711 was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore the clinical studies showed that DA-3711 had been very effective in improving firmness and reducing wrinkles. The results suggest that the novel anti-wrinkle agent. DA-3711, may have anti-aging and anti-wrinkle effects by stimulating skin regeneration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Skin is continuously exposed to external stimuli including ultraviolet radiation, which is a major cause of skin photoaging. According to recent discoveries, UVA with a lower energy but deep-penetrating properties, compared to UVB, is likely to play a major part in causing skin photoaging. The clinical and histochemical changes of photoaging are well characterized, but the biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood partly due to the lack of suitable experimental systems. In this work, three-dimensional, reconstituted skin culture models were prepared. After certain period of maturation, the equivalent models were shown to be similar in structure and biochemical characteristics to normal skin. Mature dermal and skin equivalent models were exposed to sub-lethal doses of UVA, and the effects of UVA relevant to dermal photoaging were monitored, including the production of elastin, collagen, collagenase(MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Interestingly, dermal and skin equivalents reacted differently to acute and chronic exposure to UVA. Elastin production was increased as soon as one week after commencing UVA irradiation by chronic exposure, although a single exposure failed to do so. This early response could be an important advantage of equivalent models in studying elastosis in photoaged skin. Collagenase activity was increased by acute UVA irradiation, but returned to control levels after repeated exposure. On the other hand, collagen biosynthesis, which was increased by a single exposure, decreased slightly during 5 weeks of prolonged UVA exposure. Collagenase has been thought to be responsible for collagen degeneration in dermal photoaging. However, according to the results obtained in this study, elevated collagenase activity is not likely to be responsible for the degeneration of collagen in dermal photoagig, while reduced production of collagen may be the main reason. It can be concluded that reconstituted skin culture models can serve as useful experimental tools for the study of skin photoaging. These culture models are relatively simple to construct, easy to handle, and are reproducible Moreover the changes of dermal photoaging can be observed within 1-4 weeks of exposure to ultraviolet light compared to 4 months to 2 years for human or animal studies. These models will be useful for biochemical and mechanistic studies in a large number of fields including dermatology, toxicology, and pharmacology.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 1999

The history of make-up can go back to the beginning of human being and it can’t be separated from women’s life. The change of history and women's position have given make-up different form and meanings. So make-up becomes another text which can read social·cultural specialty. This study has tried to find out make-up as women culture for women have experienced make-up in a specific situation for a long time and a suit of make-up experience from self-retrospect and made an open channel for women and this paper checked out the possibility of alternative make-up culture. This research used new audience theory of cultural studies which is used for communication study and studied active meaning-construction process and its resistance pleasure. This study saw women as independent subjects not passive victims and how make-up has been different meanings in women’s life. And what pleasure is made and how the way of resistance made constructed in the regulation of make-up.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.605-614
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• 2022

In this study, oregano was extracted by supercritical extraction and hydrothermal extraction method. In vitro experiments such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity test were performed. As a result of the disc diffusion method, only the supercritical extracts formed a clear zone. The MIC for S. aureus was found only in the supercritical fluid extracts and it was 1000 ㎍/mL. The hydrothermal extract's MIC is 125 ㎍/mL for C. acnes. Through biofilm inhibition assay, we found that the supercritical fluid oregano extracts inhibit the biofilm of S. aureus by more than 70% even at low concentrations of 125 ㎍/mL. On the other hand, the antioxidant ability of the hydrothermal extract was better than that of the supercritical fluid extracts. Furthermore, we tried to make a skincare ingredient for atopic dermatitis by utilizing the S. aureus biofilm inhibitory ability of oregano supercritical fluid extracts. Liposome was used to overcome the low solubility of the oregano supercritical fluid extracts and increase stability.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.546-561
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• 2013

This study investigated how consumers perceive brand image, the consistency between the images of parent brands and extended brands, the consistency of their advertising images, the differences between brand image and advertising image, and how consumers' brand attitudes change based on those differences. An online survey was administered to women in their 20s and 30s who often use cosmetics and are interested in brands. The brands considered in this research were Chanel, Dior, Armani, and Anna Sui, which have extended brands in the clothing and cosmetics areas. In terms of consumers' perception of brand image, it was found that clothing and cosmetic brands were perceived similarly. In addition, significant differences were found in consumers' preferences and purchase intentions of clothing and cosmetic brands, and those whose perceptions of brand image did not change or increased after looking at advertising images had more positive brand attitudes than the group of people who had higher perception of brand image before looking at advertising images. Therefore, in terms of brand extension, it was revealed that the image of a parent brand affected an extended brand, and that the higher was consumers' recognition of brand image through advertising, the more positive was their attitude toward the brand.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.640-652
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to provide information on customers for cosmetic companies to develop goods and promotion strategy by examining facial images of university women and their recognition level about cosmetics brand personality. The results were as follows; First, satisfaction level of university women with their lips and eyes was very high, while lowest in skins. Second, factors of brand personality of three kinds of foreign cosmetics brands and three kinds of domestic brands were sincerity, beauty, renovation, reliability and ruggedness. In beauty, reliability and ruggedness, they preferred foreign brands to domestic ones, while they preferred domestic ones in sincerity and renovation. Third, the satisfaction level with face had a statistically significant relationship to the importance of face and cosmetic brands, while the importance of face had to the beauty of the brand. In the interrelationship among facial images and the factors of brand personality, they had significant interrelationships, provided beauty and ruggedness, and reliability and ruggedness had no significant interrelationship.