• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2008

We investigated death rates, growth rates and recruitment of culms in two neighboring bamboo (Phyllostachys bamboosoides) stands nested in by two different bird species to analyze stand structure and to design conservation strategies. A third bamboo grove not used by birds, the Taewha stand, was included as a control stand. The bamboo stand occupied by birds in the family Ardeidae (the Ardeidae stand) had an approximately 1.5 times higher culm density than the stand occupied by birds in the family Corvidae (the Corvidae stand). The crude death rate and the number of newly emerged shoots were also higher in the Ardeidae stand than the Corvidae stand. The death rate for bamboo in the Ardeidae stand was not dependent on diameter at breast height (DBH) and was almost 40% for culms of all sizes, whereas most dead culms in the Corvidae stand were < 4 cm DBH. Consequently, we conclude that in the Ardeidae stand, density-independent causes of death are operating, while density-dependent factor are more important in the Corvidae site. The results of soil analysis in these stands suggest that the density-independent death pattern observed in the Ardeidae stand may be due to soil acidification resulting from wastes produced by the birds during breeding. On the other hand, the culm distribution and death patterns in the Corvidae stand suggest that the stand characteristics were not affected by the nesting birds. These results suggest that different conservation strategies must be applied to conserve bamboo groves used by ardeids and corvids for nesting.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 1997

참새목(Passeriformes) 조류인 까마귀과 조류 4속 4종과 물까마귀과의 물까마귀를 대상으로 전기영동실험방법을 이용하여 유전적 근연관계와 종간의 분화ㅏ연대를 분석한 결과, 까마귀과 4속과 두 개의 과는 다른 조류 분류군과 유사한 정도의 유전적 근연치를 나타내었으나, 조류를 제외한 다른 분류군보다는 근연치가 낮았다. 유전적 근연관계를 분석한 결과 어치(Garrulus glandarius brandtii)와 까마귀(Corvus corone orientalis)는 S=0.81로 가장 가까웠으며, 다음으로 까치(Pica pica sericea)가 S=0.72로 나타났다. 한편 물까치(Cyanopica cyanus koreensis)는 S=0.68로 까마귀과 조류 중 가장 근연치가 멀게 나타났다. 유전적 차이치로 5종간의 종 분화연대를 추산한 결과 물까마귀과 조류는 까마귀와 약 390만년 전에 분화된 것으로 나타났고 까마귀과 조류 4종의 겨웅 물까치는 약 190만년 전에, 까치는 약 160만년 전에 각각 분화되었고, 약 100만년 전에 어치와 까마귀가 분화된 것으로 추정된다.