• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

Corticotomy was introduced as a surgical procedure to shorten orthodontic treatment time. Corticotomy removes the cortical bone that strongly resists orthodontic force in the jaw and keeps the marrow bone to maintain blood circulation and continuity of bone tissues to reduce risk of necrosis and facilitate tooth movement. In the 21st century, the concept of regional acceleratory phenomenon was introduced and the development of the skeletal anchorage system using screw and plate enabled application of orthopedic force beyond conventional orthodontic force, so corticotomy has been applied to more cases. Also, various modified methods of minimally invasive techniques have been introduced to reduce the patient's discomfort due to surgical intervention and complications after surgery. We will review the history of corticotomy, its mechanism of action, and various modified procedures and indications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.200-211
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• 2018

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of corticotomy and piezocision in canine retraction. Five electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, and CENTRAL) were searched for articles published up to July 2017. The databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs), with a split-mouth design, using either corticotomy or piezocision. The primary outcome reported for canine retraction was either the amount of tooth movement, rate of tooth movement, or treatment time. The secondary outcome was complications. The selection process was based on the PRISMA guidelines. A risk of bias assessment was also performed. Our search retrieved 530 abstracts. However, only five RCTs were finally included. Corticotomy showed a more significant (i.e., 2 to 4 times faster) increase in the rate of tooth movement than did the conventional method. For piezocision, both accumulative tooth movement and rate of tooth movement were twice faster than those of the conventional method. Corticotomy (with a flap design avoiding marginal bone incision) or flapless piezocision procedures were not detrimental to periodontal health. Nevertheless, piezocision resulted in higher levels of patient satisfaction. The main limitation of this study was the limited number of primary research publications on both techniques. For canine retraction into the immediate premolar extraction site, the rate of canine movement after piezocision was almost comparable to that of corticotomy with only buccal flap elevation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.17 no.12 s.127
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• pp.919-922
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• 1979

Corticotomy is one of the orthognathic surgery for facilitating orthodontic treatment. The indications of the procedure, its planning consideration, surgical methods and the experiences gained in the use of corticotomy completed in the stage operation are presented.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.437-443
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• 1977

Author came to the following conclusion and made the following report as a result of corticotomy that treated in department of orthodontics and oral surgery, Tokyo Dental College. 1. In the respect of oral surgery, corticotomy is able to operate under local anesthesia. This operation is very simple and there is little clinical discomfort after operation. 2. In the respect of orthodontics, tooth movement is 2-3 times rapid than common orthodontic treatment in adult and clinical problem such as pain, root resorption are slight. Especially, tooth movement by differential force, rapid expansion in adult and unilateral expansion which was difficult, came to possible. 3. Corticotomy shorten the treatment time in preoperative orthodontic treatment of developmental abnormality of jaw, application to cleft lip & palate, orthodontic treatment before prosthetics. It's application is so wide that bring on much profits.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 1999

In adult patients, the corrections of their malocclusion may be more difficult and require longer treatment time due to thicker layer of cortical bone and reduced blood supply. Recently, various methods such as surgery, implant for anchorage and corticotomy have been tried to overcome these problems. Corticotomy is a surgical technique in which a fissure is made through the cortical bone that surrounds a tooth so that the tooth is embedded within a block of bone that is connected to adjacent blocks through only the medullary bone. Technique of corticotomy has been widely used for correction of maxillary transverse deficiency, but hasn't actively in other fields of orthodontics. We applied corticotomies in many types of orthodontic treatment and had satisfactory results. We suggested clinical application of corticotomy in adult orthodontics to reduce treatment period and to achieve better stability after orthodontic treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of tooth movement and histologic changes with different corticotomy designs and micro-osteoperforation in rabbits. Methods: The sample consisted of 24 rabbits divided into three experimental groups (triangular corticotomy [TC] and indentation corticotomy [IC] with flap, and flapless micro-osteoperforations [MP]) and a control. A traction force of 100 cN was applied by connecting the first premolars to the incisors. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences in tooth movement between the groups. Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) analysis were performed. Analysis of variance was applied to assess differences in TRAP-positive osteoclast count between the groups. Results: The amount of tooth movement increased by 46.5% and 32.0% in the IC and MP groups, respectively, while the bone fraction analysis showed 69.7% and 8.5% less mineralization compared to the control. There were no significant intergroup differences in the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts. Conclusions: The micro-osteoperforation group showed no significant differences in the amount of tooth movement compared to the corticotomy groups, nor in the TRAP-positive osteoclast count compared to both corticotomy groups and control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to explore the usefulness of adjunctive buccal and palatal corticotomy for adult maxillary expansion in an animal model using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Twelve adult sheep were randomly divided into two groups (each n = 6): a control group, where no treatment was administered, and a treatment group, where buccal and palatal corticotomy-assisted maxillary expansion was performed. CBCT scans were taken before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Differences in all transverse dental and alveolar dimensions, alveolar width at crest level, hard palate level, horizontal bone loss, interdental cusp width and inter-root apex were assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Kruskal-Wallis tests and pairwise comparisons were used to detect the significance of differences among the inter-premolar and inter-molar widths. Results: CBCT data revealed significant changes in all transverse dental and alveolar dimensions. The mean interpremolar alveolar width showed an increase of 2.29 to 3.62 mm at the hard palate level, 3.89 to 4.38 mm at the alveolar crest level, and 9.17 to 10.42 mm at the buccal cusp level. Dental changes in the vertical dimension were not significant. Conclusions: Our findings based on an adult animal model suggest that adjunctive buccal and palatal corticotomy can allow for both skeletal and dental expansion, with the amount of dental expansion exceeding that of skeletal expansion at alveolar crest and hard palate levels by two and three folds, respectively. Therefore, this treatment modality is potential to enhance the outcomes of maxillary expansion in adults.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2019

Objective: This study examined bone microstructure restoration after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with and without corticotomy over multiple retention periods. Methods: Eighteen male Dorper sheep were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 6 each group): group 1, RME with corticotomy on the buccal and palatal sides; group 2, conventional RME treatment; and group 3, no treatment. Post-RME, trabecular bone microstructure and new bone formation were evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry after a 4- or 12-week retention period. Intergroup differences in bone quality and bone remodeling were analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: The bone volume fraction (bone volume [BV]/total volume [TV]) values relative to the control in groups 1 and 2 were 54.40% to 69.88% after the 4-week retention period and returned to approximately 80% after the 12-week retention period. The pooled BV/TV values of the banded teeth in groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of the control after the 4-week retention period (p < 0.05). However, after the 12-week retention period, the pooled BV/TV values in group 2 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Histomorphological analysis showed that the new bone formation area in group 1 was approximately two to three times of those in group 2 and control. Conclusions: Corticotomy significantly enhanced the restoration of bone quality after the retention periods for banded teeth. This benefit might result from the increased new bone formation after corticotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2005

In esthetic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion, it is important to move backward the anterior teeth segment. For the backward movement of the anterior teeth segment, orthodontic force and segmental osteotomy have been applied on the clinical treatment until recently. These methods caused long treatment time, anchorage loss, the possibility of root resorption and the complication followed by segmental osteotomy. Therefore, corticotomy has become a major concern lately. This research has been conducted to study the efficiency of corticotomy in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion comparing the profile change, canine retraction velocity and space closing time. The research compared and analyzed space closing time, canine retraction velocity and profile change in two groups of patients. Both groups were formed out of patients over 18 years old who visited the department of dentistry in Hanyang University for treatments. The experimental group who was treated by corticotomy and Skeletal Anchorage System(SAS). The control group who received orthodontic treatment using SAS. The following results are produced after analyzing both groups. The significant statistic difference in space closing time has been observed in the experimental group as compared with the control group(p<0.05). In the experimental group, the significant statistic increase in canine retraction velocity was also observed(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in profile change between the control group and the experimental group(p<0.05). As a result, orthodontic treatment using corticotomy has a reasonable efficiency in space closing time as compared with the existing orthodontic treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that corticotomy with orthodontic treatment can be reasonably applied to dentofacial abnormality.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.5 s.100
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• pp.399-405
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• 2003

Tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis, new paradigm in orthodontics, was discussed. Intrusive tooth movement of anterior or posterior teeth was thought to be difficult or impossible. In this study, a part of cortical bone, which was a sort of resistance to tooth movement in alveolar bone, was removed. On the other hand, active bone deposition was made possible in the tension side. That was the main concept of tooth movement facilitated by corticotomy and distraction osteogenesis. Teeth moved at such a speedy tate as we could not imagine in conventional tooth movement, which lead to the reduction of total treatment Period. And intrusive movement was Possible without a side effect, lot example, root resorption or the periodontal breakdown. Those were the superior aspects to the conventional orthodontics.