• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2011

5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), a psychoactive tryptamine derivative, is a hallucinogenic drug of abuse. In this study, 5-OH-DIPT and its metabolites were identified and the quantitative method was developed and validated by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILICMS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Atlantis HILIC silica column ($5{\mu}m$, $100{\times}2.1\;mm$). The metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT in rat urine were characterized via Q1 scanning and product ion scanning. As a consequence, 5-MeO-IPT, 5-OH-DIPT, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT and their glucuronide conjugates were detected and identified as the metabolites of 5-MeO-DIPT. Subsequently, a quantitative method for 5-MeO-DIPT and its major metabolites, 5-MeO-IPT and 5-OH-DIPT, was developed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves for all analytes evidenced good linearity over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL with linear correlation co-efficients ($r^2$) in excess of 0.99. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were 92.2-110.2% and 1.5-9.9%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.210-222
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• 1982

Coliphages isolated from Han-River from September 1980 to August 1981 were classified by morphological and physiological characteristics. Effects of soil metrial on the fate of coliphage in nature were investigated. 1. The correlation coefficient between coliphage and E.coli which was host of coliphages in nature was 0.7173 (p=0.004). 2. Coliphage I isolated from Han-River of which DNA molecular weight was $27{\times}10^6$ daltons was identified as $T_1$ phage and coliphage II of which DNA molecular weight $72{\times}10^6$ daltons was classified as $T_5$ phage. 3. Soil material SW was composed of 63.65% silt and 21.92% clay. Clay was consisted of illite, kaolinite and chlorite evenly. Soil material J was composed of 68.92% silt and 11.67% clay. Clay consisted of smectite only. 4. Coliphage was absorbed to soil material J more than soil material SW, and $T_1$ coliphage was absorbed to soil material more than $T_5$ coliphage was. 5. The phage adsorption efficiency to soil material was enhanced at lower pH : the phage adsorption efficiency at pH 4 was 27 time higher than at pH 7. 6. Divalent $(Ca^{2+})\;and\;trivalention\;(Al^{3+})$ enhanced the phage adsorption efficiency to soil material from 4 to 39 and from 17 to 91 times higher than monovalent $ion(Na^+)$, respectively. 7. The concentration of organic compound was inversely related to the phage adsorption efficiency to soil. 8. Adsorption of phage onto soil material, and elution efficiency of elutants was in the order of D.D.W>tap water>river water>seawater. 9. The higher the concentration of organic compound was, the more were adsorbed phages to soil eluted. 10. Coliphages survived longer in sterile soil suspension than in nonsterile soil material suspension.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.629-639
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• 2017

Tripitaka Koreana in Haein Temple, Hapcheon Province is the most historical and largest heritage in this country, however the species of their blocks have yet been unknown. A nondestructive test method is necessary to investigate their species. The oven-dry density of wood was measured by inversely using the principle of high frequency moisture meter. The oven-dry densities of more than 100 domestic species of specimens estimated by measurement method and high frequency moisture meter were compared and following conclusions were obtained. There was highly close correlation between the oven-dry density estimated by measurement method and the oven-dry density estimated by high frequency moisture meter. The densities of Tripitaka Koreana that was a global cultural heritage could be correctly estimated by using high frequency moisture meter and the equilibrium moisture content under which Tripitaka Koreana equilibrated, thus, it was expected to provide the key to species identification.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Marine bacterial strains were isolated trom coastal regions of Goa and screened for the strains that produce the highest amount of mucous expolysaccharide (EPS). Our screening resulted in the identification of the strain Vibrio furnissii VB0S3 (hereafter called VB0S3), as it produced the highest EPS in batch cultures during the late logarithmic growth phase. The isolate was identified as VB0S3 based on morphological and biochemical properties. Growth and EPS production were studied in mineral salts medium supplemented with NaCl (1.5%) and glucose (0.2%). The exopolymer was recovered from the culture supernatant by using three volumes of cold ethanol precipitation and dialysis procedure. Chemical analyses of EPS revealed that it is primarily composed of neutral sugars, uronic acids, and proteins. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide groups, which correspond to a typical heteropolymeric polysaccharide, and the EPS also possessed good emulsification activity. The gas chromatographic analysis of an alditol-acetate derivatized sample of EPS revealed that it was mainly composed of galactose and glucose. Minor components found were mannose, rhamnose, fucose, ribose, arabinose, and xylose. EPS was readily isolated from culture supernatants, which suggests that the EPS was a slime-like exopolysaccharide. This is the first report of exopolysaccharide characterization that describes the isolation and characterization of an EPS expressed by Vibrio surnissii strain VB0S3. The results of the study contribute significantly and go a long way towards an understanding of the correlation between growth and EPS production, chemical composition, and industrial applications of the exopolysaccharide in environmental biotechnology and bioremediation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.552-559
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• 2011

In this paper, a new image watermarking algorithm is proposed which can hide specific information of an ID card's owner in photo image for preventing ID's photo forgery. Proposed algorithm uses the image segmentation and the correlation peak position modulation of spread spectrum. The watermark embedded in photo ensures not only robustness against printing and scanning but also sufficient information capacity hiding unique number such as social security numbers in small-sized photo. Another advantage of proposed method is extracting accurate information with error tolerance within some rotation range by using $2^h{\times}2^w$ unit sample space not instead $1{\times}1$ pixels for insertion and extraction of information. 40 bits information can be embedded and extracted at $256{\times}256$ sized ID photo with BER value of 0 % when the test condition is 300dpi scanner and photo printer with 22 photos. In conclusion, proposed algorithm shows the robustness for noise and rotational errors occured during printing and scanning.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.689-697
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• 2017

Nowadays, there are a great number of various structures that have been retrofitted by using different FRP Composites. Due to this, more researches need to be conducted to know more the characteristics of these structures, not only that but also a comparison among them before and after the retrofitting is needed. In this research, a model steel structure is tested using a bench-scale earthquake simulator on the shake table, using recorded micro tremor data, in order to get the dynamic behaviors. Beams of the model steel structure are then retrofitted by using CFRP composite, and then tested on the Quanser shake table by using the recorded micro tremor data. At this stage, it is needed to evaluate the dynamic behaviors of the retrofitted model steel structure. Various types of methods of OMA, such as EFDD, SSI, etc. are used to take action in the ambient responses. Having a purpose to learn more about the effects of FRP composite, experimental model analysis of both types (retrofitted and no-retrofitted models) is conducted to evaluate their dynamic behaviors. There is a provision of ambient excitation to the shake table by using recorded micro tremor ambient vibration data on ground level. Furthermore, the Enhanced Frequency Domain decomposition is used through output-only modal identification. At the end of this study, moderate correlation is obtained between mode shapes, periods and damping ratios. The aim of this research is to show and determine the effects of CFRP Composite implementation on structural responses of the model steel structure, in terms of changing its dynamical behaviors. The frequencies for model steel structure and the retrofitted model steel structure are shown to be 34.43% in average difference. Finally, it is shown that, in order to evaluate the period and rigidity of retrofitted structures, OMA might be used.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

Objectives : The three symptom clusters of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reexperience, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Alcohol use disorders frequently co-occur with PTSD, and possible functional correlations are suspected. Scholarly evaluation of the differences between the symptoms of PTSD and those of alcohol problems may be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of the comorbidity. Methods : We recruited Vietnam veterans with PTSD (n=97) and without PTSD (n=132). The alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT), and clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) were administered to participants. The PTSD group was divided into two categories: those with PTSD only (n=57) and those with concurrent alcohol-related problems (n=40). Results : The PTSD group showed higher AUDIT scores compared to the control group. In the PTSD group, participants with alcohol problems had a severer symptoms of recurrent dream and sleep disturbance symptoms compared to the PTSD only group. No significant differences were found in the three major symptom clusters of PTSD. Conclusion : These findings support the proposed existence of a functional correlation between PTSD and alcohol use disorder. Clinicians should carefully evaluate and treat comorbid alcohol use disorder in patients with PTSD.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.459-474
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the posture correction program as the development of the posture maintenance performance, and search for the more efficient posture correction program. The data analysis was processed by SPSS. The data was analysed with $x^2$-test, t-test, pearson product moment correlation, and stepwise regression analysis. The finding of this study is as follows: There are the homogeneity between two groups was verified on the know ledges CF=.697, df=2, P>.05), self-efficacy(F=.098, df=2, P>.05) about the posture. The developed posture correction program has proved to enhance the posture maintenance performance(knowledge t=1.60, P<.05 ; posture manintenance t=7.69, P<.01). The type of posture correction program showed some significant differences (t=5.62, P<.01) in the accuracy of movement way among the factors of the posture maintenance performance. The posture maintenance performance affected self-efficacy. Therefore, the major conclusion is as follows: The posture correction program was meaningfully effective on developing the posture maintenance, and with practice created accuracy much more on the posture maintenance movement way. The development of the posture maintenance performance affected the increase of self-efficacy about the posture. The self-efficacy has proved so powerful factor to influence on the posture maintenance performance development. So, the posture correction program should be done systematically and continually, and developing the posture maintenance performance should be done with practice. After the education, it should be reinforced through practice, midterm identification and reeducation and motivated with recognizing the accurate posture measurement. And it should be created the correction program to develop the high self-efficacy about the posture. It needs the strategy to educate the correct posture individually, and to spread to the society for healthy life style.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5003-5011
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• 2013

This paper measured whether neural and behavior responses to attention-emotion task were reflected to emotion regulation capacities. For this purpose, Nineteen healthy right-handed graduates participated in the emotion-attention task three times for three days. Before and after the negative and positive video clips were shown, the participants performed emotion-attention task. EEG and response time were recorded during emotion-attention task. There was positive correlation between ERP P100 and P300 component. The larger the P100 amplitudes at the specific positions, the longer the P300 latencies at these same positions during attention-emotion task. The longer the P300 latencies at the specific positions, the longer the delay in response time. Also, there is and individual differences in ERP components and response time during attention-emotion integration task. Individuals who had lower amplitude and shorter latency of ERP showed faster response time during attention-emotion task, regardless of the type of video clips. This characteristic was interpreted to the lower emotional controls due to premature response for target identification.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study differences in behavioral problems between children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and normally developing children were identified. Further, relationships between parental stress, depression, and child behavioral problems according to ADHD symptoms were explored. Methods: Participants were 222 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. Data were collected using the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, Korean version of Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), Parenting Stress Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Results: 1) The ADHD risk group showed higher levels of behavioral problems, parenting stress, and maternal depression than the normal group. 2) There were significant relationships between ADHD scores and parenting stress (r=.66), maternal depression (r=.35), internal behavioral problems (r=.47), and external problems (r=.55), but, ADHD risk scores were negatively correlated with social competence (r=-.40). 3) The regression analysis revealed that ADHD levels affected the child's internal behavioral problems, mediated by maternal depression ($\beta$=.29, p<.001). Conclusion: The study results show that higher risk scores for ADHD indicate a significant effect for behavioral problems. Also, parenting stress and depression influence child's behavioral problems. These results suggest that identification of children at risk for ADHD and development of parental education programs would contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems and aggravation of the ADHD symptoms.