• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare and analyze the wearing status of refractive error correction devices of elders who reside in a city or in a small town district. Methods: Each of opticians from a small town or a city was selected for the study of wearing status of presbyopia correction device for each residential district in units of percentage. with the analysis of the age and gender distributions of the elders, numbers of elderly members, and the kinds of presbyopia correction. Results: The wearing rate of progressive lens was reduced in reverse proportion to the increase of the age for the people of presbyopia in a twon. Pepople in 60s living in a town perferred to wearing bifocal lens, but people of 50~60s preferred to single vision lenses. However, none of people living in a city who is diagnosed as presbyopia had refractive error correction device, and no one used bifical lenses. The progressive lens was mostly used in the people of 40~50s and using rate of those lenses reduced with the age; and single vision lens had the highest rate of in the 40~50s but no one wore it in the 70s. Conclusions: Among the refractive error correction devices, the progressive lens was most widely worn by presbyopia group who is living in a town or a city. In particular, the refractive error correction devices were most preferred in 40~50s of early presbyopia. The highest preference for the progressive lens in the people with the early presbyopia indicates that the wearing rate of the progressive will be increased in future. Therefore, the opportunity of systematic education on the progressive lens should be increased.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.253-263
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• 2000

We collected age determination cases which were done at Yonsei university dental hospital, department of oral medicine from 1976 to 1999 to analyze it's tendency among Koreans. We analyzed 435 clients cases which were stored by age estimation program from January 1993 to December 1999. The results are as follows: 1. There were no significant difference in the sexual distribution (male : 52.0%, female : 48.0%) and more than half percent (51%) were 20's and 30's. 2. Among the age determination clients, those who wanted to decrease their age (50.3%) and those who wanted to increase their age (49.7%) shows similar in number. And the former case were predominant in the female clients, but the latter case in the male clients. Also the clients below six years of age were predominant in the former case, but the clients more than sixty were predominant in the latter case. 3. The purposes of age correction showed different distribution for ages: job or employment for 20's and 30's, marriage for 20's, registration for school for below six, welfare and other social services for 50 and older. 4. Age was estimated by Nolla's growth stage for 12 and under, calcification of the second and third molar for 12~20, and for 20 and over, Takei's tooth abrasion model was used. 5. The alleged age was in accordance with the documents and other information given by clients, but in the 20.6% of the estimation cases, the alleged age was discarded. In the results of the analysis of age determination cases in Koreans, many of the cases resulted from our historical turbulence and social distinctiveness, causing an increase in the necessity for age correction in each age group. For more accurate determination for each age group, further studies with Koreans must be done continuously.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2008

According to Korean Architectural Standard Specification (KASS) , at the design stage of the specified concrete strength, strength correction with each temperature level should be considered to secure required strength at 28 days even in low temperature condition, In this paper, the period for the strength correction at the stage of mixture design of the concrete using ordinary Portland cement(OPC) specified in KASS was determined with each region of south Korea based on the meteorological data of KMA(Korea meteorological administration) by applying KASS-5 regulation. In case of 28 days of strength control age, the period for strength correction with 6MPa was calculated to $50{\sim}60$ days and, with 3 MPa. to around 80 days. The period for the strength correction was shown to be decreased with the rise of altitude. The period to consider the delay of the strength development due to low temperature including the period of cold weather concrete was nearly 7 months around 1 year. References for determining the strength correction factors with each region of south Korea was provided in this paper. Further investigation of strength correction of the concrete containing blended cement is to studied.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.406-415
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• 2010

Purpose: The secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity still presents a difficult surgical problems. The present study was aimed to investigate the usefulness of Bardach's technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity. Materials and Methods: The subjects were eight patients with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, who had secondary correction by using Bardach's rhinoplasty technique. Age range was from 2 to 21 years and mean age was 10.6 years. There were 3 boys and 5 girls. Six patients had bilateral and two patients had unilateral cleft lip. Facial photographs were taken before and twenty days after the operation. By using Adobe photoshop, the columella height and the nostril width were measured from the facial frontal photograph and Worm's eye view. The degree of improvement was calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: The degree of improvement of the columella length and the nostril width after Bardach's technique was $70.39{\pm}50.14%$ and $-22.93{\pm}0.15%$ respectively. Bardach's technique resulted in projecting the nasal tip, lengthening the columella, medially advancing the alar bases, restructuring the lower lateral cartilages, and changing orientation of the nostrils from horizontal to oblique. The profile view shows projection of the nasal tip, lengthening of the columella, and the change in the nasolabial angle. The scars remained at the philtrum were matter little in compared with improvement of the nasal appearance. Conclusion: These results indicate that Bardach's technique is an useful surgical technique for secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2002

This study is examined the difference between binocular spherical diopter and astigmatism diopter, spherical diopter, astigmatism diopter, and axis of astigmatism by sex and age with reference to the prescription of refraction for a total of 257 persons, 134 persons (male:78, female: 56)of teen-age and 123 persons of twenty-age who visit optical shop. Spherical correction diopter is mainly distributed to 280 eyes between -0.25D and -4.00D. And in astigmatism correction, for right astigmatism, 48 eyes(49.48%) are prescribed astigmatism diopter for a range of C-0.25~C-0.50D, 29 eyes(29.89%) has C-0.75~C-1.00D, 65 eyes(67.01%) has with the rule astigmatism. For left astigmatism, 43 eyes(42.57%) are prescribed astigmatism diopter of C-0.25~C-0.50D and 37 eyes(36.63%) has C-0.75C~1.00D, 73 eyes(72.27%) are shown with the rule astigmatism. And also each 108 persons(47.16%) and 28 persons(25.00%) are shown no difference between binocular spherical correction diopter and binocular astigmatism correction diopter, 94 eyes(39.49%) of teen-age and 104 eyes(42.27%) of twenty-age, male 119 eyes(41.90%) and female 79 eyes(34.34%) need correcting astigmatism. In pupillary distance, 165 persons mostly have 59~64mm.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.247-261
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to quantitate differences in the nature of the correction of Angle's Class II div 1 malocclusion dependent on the patient's age at the time of treatment. The sample consisted of 27 female patients in the adolescent group with a mean initial records age of 11.8 years and 25 female patients in the adult group with a mean starting age of 21.1 yrs. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment with four bicuspid extraction. The results were obtained as follows. 1. None of maxillary skeletal parameters exhibited a significantly different in treatment change between adolescents and adults. But, in mandibular skeletal measurements, there were significant differences between two groups. (P<0.05) 2. Measures of vertical dimension in the adults remained unchanged during treatment, reflecting the effective absence of growth. 3. The steepness of occlusal plane in the adults changed significantly.(P<0.05) In contrast, the adolescents displayed stability of the occlusal plane. 4. According to the Johnston analysis, there was a significant difference in the total molar correction between two groups.(P<0.05) 5. According to the Johnston analysis, differential mandibular growth in the adolescents contrubuted $63\%$ of the total molar correction, with orthodontic tooth movement accounting for the remaining $37\%$. In the adults, dental movement comprised $99\%$ of the correction.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2022

The current multimorbidity correction method in the Global Burden of Disease studies assumes the independent occurrence of diseases. Those studies use Monte-Carlo simulations to adjust for the presence of multiple disease conditions for all diseases. The present study investigated whether the above-mentioned assumption is reasonable based on the prevalence confirmed from actual data. This study compared multimorbidity-adjusted years of lived with disability (YLD) obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations and multimorbidity-adjusted YLD using multimorbidity prevalence derived from National Health Insurance Service data. The 5 most common diseases by sex and age groups were selected as diseases of interest. No significant differences were found between YLD estimations made using actual data and Monte-Carlo simulations, even though assumptions about the independent occurrence of diseases should be carefully applied. The prevalence was not well reflected according to disease characteristics in those under the age of 30, among whom there was a difference in YLD between the 2 methods. Therefore, when calculating the burden of diseases for Koreans over the age of 30, it is possible to calculate the YLD with correction for multimorbidity through Monte-Carlo simulation, but care should be taken with under-30s. It is useful to apply the efficiency and suitability of calibration for multiplicative methods using Monte-Carlo simulations in research on the domestic disease burden, especially in adults in their 30s and older. Further research should be carried out on multimorbidity correction methodology according to the characteristics of multiple diseases by sex and age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop a novel adjustment factors for 305 days using 138,103 lactation records and 1,770,764 daily records, which were based on environmental circumstances such as herd year, season, age at calving, dry period and lactating stages. The present study showed that the change of persistency of cows at the first parity from total lactacting characteristics was slowly processed, while it was rapidly changed in cows at the second parity stage. Particularly, there was an outstanding difference between the first and second parity cows. Milk yield and composition increased as the age at calving was increased. In addition, milk yield and composition were higher at the first parity on fall compared with others, and those were higher at the more than second parity on fall and winter compared with other parity stages and seasons. The cow of dry group was included into lactating records of more than second parity stage. The data indicated that optimal results arose from 45-70 days of dry period. Milk yield was decreased when dry period was longer or shorter than 45-70 days. The lactating days were divided into 17, 28 and 38 stages to compare the multiplicative correction factors. The factor was effective at 28 stages on the first parity. The total correlation coefficients were 0.93832, 0.95058 and 0.95076 at the present correction factor, 17 stage and 28 stage, respectively. At second parity, the factor was higher in dry group 1 and 3 at 17 stage, and it was higher in dry group 2 at 28 stage compared with others. Therefore, the present study showed that the percent squared bias (PSB), which was calculated from the novel correction factor, was better than previously used correction factors. Also, the present study indicated that the bias of the novel correction factor was improved, and this factor could be more accurate compared with others.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.930-934
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results ad operative compatability by Ravitch methods with pectus excavatum. Material and Method: From 1984 to 1997, were performed Ravitch operations in 40 patients of pectus excavatum and analyzed the effects of correction and postoperative complication according to time of operation retrospectively. The group comprised 35 mem and women whose mean age was 8.9$\pm$7.9 years(between 2 to 35 years). All patients had corrected with Ravitch operation or its modified operation. Modified fixations were accomplished with K-wire in 15 patients and internal plate in 2 and the materials were removed 3 months after operation. The result of correction was estimated with the degree of changed distance between inner surface of sternal body and vertebral in 3 months after correction. Result: Postoperative complications were wound disruption in 14 patients. Estimated distances after correction ranged 0.4 cm to 4 cm. The acceptability for chest wall correction was high(6 excellent, 29 good in criteria of Humphreys). Conclusion: We concluded that the benefits of Ravitch operation were a high acceptability of patients and their family, and sufficient correction with no specific complications related operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

In this paper, the period for the strength correction was determined with each region of south Korea based on the meteorological data of KMA(Korea meteorological administration) by applying KASS-5 regulation. In case of 28 days of strength control age, the period for strength correction with 6MPa was calculated to 50-60 days and, with 3 MPa. to around 80 days. The period for the strength correction was shown to be decreased with the rise of altitude. The period to consider the delay of the strength development due to low temperature including the period of cold weather concrete was nearly 7 months around 1 year. References for determining the strength correction factors with each region of south Korea was provided in this paper.