• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2015

Fuzzy c-means method is typical soft clustering, and requires a degree of membership that indicates the degree of belonging to each cluster at the time of clustering. Parameter values greater than 1 and less than 2 have been used by convention. According to the proposed data-generation scheme and the simulation results, some behaviors in the degree of "fuzziness" was derived.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2004

In this paper, we show the equivalence between complementary code keying (CCK) codeword and coset of the first order Reed-Muller (RM) code with variables of three. The CCK codewords are Golay sequences which have peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of two at most and can correct one error. We propose a CCK-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modem to reduce PAPR. Also, we present the performance improvement techniques by increasing the variables of four to correct three errors and reduce PAPR at least 9㏈ with this system. Although, two Fast Hadamard Transform (FHT) blocks of size 8 64 are required at the receiver, we reduce the complexity by using FHT blocks of size 8 64 and 2 4 without deteriorating the performance. We generalize our results that we may increase the variables of RM code to enhance the error correcting and PAPR reduction capabilities without increasing receiver's complexity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2005

Fingertip is the end of tactile organ and the part of hand most frequently injured. Fingertip injuries should be evaluated on an individual basis considering patient's overall physical condition, medical history, etiology, time of injury, and anticipated future hand use, and accordingly one of various methods of reconstruction should be selected. Complications after the reconstruction of fingertip injuries have been reported as pain, hypersensitivity, numbness, distal paresthesia, cold intolerance, and atrophy. From January to December 2002, dermofat grafts were performed on 15 patients to correct painful fingertips after injury. The thickness of the soft tissue of fingertip was measured both preoperatively and postoperatively with simple X-ray. To evaluate the improvement of pain, visual analogue scale(VAS) was used through the direct interview with patients. The average of postoperative follow-up period was 10.9 months. The average of increased soft tissue thickness ratio was 88.4%(2.3mm to 3.8mm). The average of preoperative VAS was 7.6, and postoperative VAS was 3. Dermofat graft on fingertip needs a further long-term follow-up study for the absorption ratio of dermofat, however, this procedure is simple and could be done under local anesthesia, and would be a useful alternative procedure to correct painful fingertips with the soft tissue atrophy after injury.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

In stereo-view system, variations of target camera position or lighting conditions cause discrepancies on the luminance and chrominance components of stereo views. These discrepancies lead to inaccurate frame view prediction and low quality of 3 D video coding. In this paper, an efficient histogram interval calibration method is proposed for stereo-view coding, so as to compensate for the luminance component of target view. First the proposed method is analyzed by the histogram of the target image frame. Then, it divide two sections of histogram of that frame to correct the color discrepancies. Secondly, each section of the target frame is corrected the luminance component by identify the maximum matching region between the reference frame and the target frame. We have verified our proposed histogram matching method in comparison with the other color correction ones. Experimental results show that it can correct better luminance calibration results of PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and has less computation time.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.920-928
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• 2019

Objectives: After epidural hemorrhage, sequelae may cause cognitive impairments, such as attention, memory, and performance disturbances. This case study reports on the use of traditional Korean medicine in a patient with cognitive impairments after a traumatic epidural hemorrhage. Methods: During the 46-day hospitalization period, traditional Korean medicine treatments, including Sunkihwalhyul-tang-gamibang, Ukgan-san-gajinpibanha Granule, Kyungohk-go, acupuncture, and cupping, were administered. The degree of cognitive impairment was measured based on the Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and correct answer ratio. Results: After traditional Korean medicine treatment, the MMSE-K score increased from 13 to 19 and the MBI score increased from 63 to 71. The patient's conversations in daily life also proceeded more smoothly than before hospitalization, and the correct answer ratio rose. Conclusion: This case reports the improvement of cognitive impairment after traumatic epidural hemorrhage in response to traditional Korean medicine treatment; further study is needed.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2006

In order to establish basic data before deciding on the ways to manage school dental hygiene project, this study polled 165 elementary school teachers. Collected data was used SPSS 12.0 statistics program and got the technical statistics and This research and analysis came to the following conclusion by using Fridmen rank test, Pearson's correlation. 1. To the question about how they acquire the knowledge of dental hygiene, 60.6 percent of elementary school teachers turned out to learn about it through mass media(TV, Internet, magazines). 2. Regarding the purpose to maintain dental hygiene, "the prevention of dental diseases" ranked highest, and next "the prevention of cavity" and "the cure of halitosis" appeared at the similar level, and "to become a good model of children" and "to serve the esthetic purpose" ranked lowest. 3. As to the ways to prevent cavity, regular visits to dental clinic and daily brushing turned out to be more effective preventation method. 4. As for the degree of recognition of fluoride, the correct answer about fluoride that is recovered slight caries is appeared 11.8%, that was lowest correct answer ratio.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1978

Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous Saprophytes in nature. Many reports since the first report of human aspergillosis by Slayter[1847], have suggested that this is not a rare condition. Author have reviewed 15 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis obtained in Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Busan University Hospital from 1966 through 1976, and taken literatural consideration. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Ages ranged from the first to sixth decades, with the majority [73.3%] in the third and fourth decades. The male to female ratio was two to one. Both upper lobes were predominantly involved [80%]. 2. Hemoptysis was the most common symptom and it was appeared in 66.6%. 3. Only 4 cases [26.7%] were take correct diagnosis before operation. Remained cases were difficult to be taken the correct diagnosis preoperatively because of lower discovery rate of aspergillus in application on immunological typical X-ray findings and non-specific symptoms of them. 4. Preoperatively, 8 cases [53.3%] were taken diagnosis as pulmonary tuberculosis. 5. Underlying diseases were present in 11 cases [73.3%] and 6 cases of them were pulmonary tuberculosis.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2004

Formative evaluation is an evaluation activity performed in the process of teaching and learning. The general purpose of formative evaluation is to provide the feedback and correct identified problems in the process of teaching and learning. In this paper, we propose a system which provides each student with individualized feedback in formative evaluation. The evaluation questionnaire in the system are produced on the basis of the section criteria such as knowledge, comprehension, and application. The evaluation result is categorized and evaluated according to the given criteria. Then different feedback is provided for each student advising where he or she should make up for weak areas. Moreover our system offers instructors the itemized correct answer ratio data as well as sets of individualized feedback delivered to students. It gives an additional benefit to ensure the improvement of teaching methods.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 2015

Recognition of radar emitter signals is one of core elements in radar reconnaissance systems. A novel method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and the main ridge slice of ambiguity function (AF) is presented for attaining a higher correct recognition rate of radar emitter signals in case of low signal-to-noise ratio. This method calculates the AF of the sorted signal and ascertains the main ridge slice envelope. To improve the recognition performance, SVD is employed to eliminate the influence of noise on the main ridge slice envelope. The rotation angle and symmetric Holder coefficients of the main ridge slice envelope are extracted as the elements of the feature vector. And kernel fuzzy c-means clustering is adopted to analyze the feature vector and classify different types of radar signals. Simulation results indicate that the feature vector extracted by the proposed method has satisfactory aggregation within class, separability between classes, and stability. Compared to existing methods, the proposed feature recognition method can achieve a higher correct recognition rate.