• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a mediating effect of hopelessness the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation in college students. For this study, a survey was conducted on perceived stress, suicidal ideation, and mental health, self-esteem, problem drinking, and stress among 103 college studentsin Gyeonggi do. The results of this study are as follows. It was found that COVID-19 correlated with perceived stress, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation of college students. The hopelessness completely mediated between perceived stress and suicidal thoughts of college students, which is consistent with previous studies. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed relationship between the perceived stress, hopelessness, and suicidal ideations in college students due to COVID-19, reflecting the new situation of the times. Coronavirus will worsen people's mental health disorders and cause new stress-related disorders. Therefore, mental health researchers, clinicians, and people working in trauma-related fields should find ways to reduce the incidence of coronavirus-related trauma stress and prevent its effects. It is necessary to expand the psychological vaccine program to improve the resilience of the public. Since there are individual differences in resilience, it is necessary to strengthen the psychological vaccine program for each subject considering resilience.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This paper investigates the impact of the domestic and global outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the trading size of the Malaysian stock (MS) market. The theoretical model posits that stock markets are affected by their response to disasters and events that arise in the international or local environments, as well as to several financial factors such as stock volatility and spread bid-ask prices. Using daily time-series data from 27 January to 12 May 2020, this paper utilizes the traditional Augmented Dickey and Fuller (ADF) technique and Zivot and Andrews with structural break' procedures for a stationarity test analysis, while the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is applied according to the trading size of the MS market model. The analysis considered almost all 789 listed companies investing in the main stock market of Malaysia. The results confirmed our hypotheses that both the daily growth in the active domestic and global cases of coronavirus (COVID-19) has significant negative effects on the daily trading size of the stock market in Malaysia. Although the COVID-19 has a negative effect on the Malaysian stock market, the findings of this study suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic may have an asymmetric effect on the market.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.397-411
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• 2023

Purpose: The role of medical staff gained immense significance in the context of the prolonged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies had explored the impact of simulation-based education on the ability of nursing students to care for the patients of COVID-19. This study provided nursing students with simulation-based education in caring for the patients of COVID-19 and confirmed its effectiveness. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were recruited from the nursing departments of two universities in Korea through convenience sampling. A total of 79 participants were included: 37 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of simulation training based on the National League for Nursing Jeffries simulation theory. Results: The intervention group showed an improvement compared to the control group in terms of knowledge related to coronavirus, confidence in performing infection control skills, and perception of preparedness for caring for the patients of COVID-19, with a high-level of satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. Conclusion: This simulation is expected to be a significant strategy for alleviating the global burden in terms of staff safety and patient outcomes by improving the competencies of prospective medical staff in responding to pandemics.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

Multiple studies have reported on unilateral axillary adenopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, which is currently recognized as a common finding. Here, we present a series of eight adult patients with reactive axillary lymphadenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination, in whom the follow-up ultrasonography (US) showed resolution of a previously noted unilateral axillary adenopathy. From March 2021 to March 2022, 2,599 consecutive women underwent breast US in Jeju National University Hospital. We identified 10 patients with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination detected on the breast US. The 10 patients were recommended for follow-up US. Two patients were lost to follow-up, whereas the remaining eight patients underwent follow-up US, in whom resolution of the unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy was noted. Radiologists should be aware of evolving guidelines for evaluating and managing axillary lymphadenopathy to avoid false positive biopsies. Recent studies on lymphadenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination show that a prolonged duration until resolution is often observed. Therefore, a follow-up US examination at least 12 weeks after vaccination may be reasonable. Furthermore, management guidelines should include a risk-stratified approach considering both vaccination timing and the patient's overall risk of metastatic disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health burden worldwide, with over 600 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths by 15 December 2022. Although the acute phase of COVID-19 management has been established, the long-term clinical course and complications due to the relatively short outbreak is yet to be assessed. The current COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have shown that fatality rates vary considerably across different countries, and men and elderly patients are at higher risk of developing severe diseases. There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 infection causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion to patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, lack of physical activity and smoking are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility. We should therefore explore why lack of physical activity, smoking, etc causing a population more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and mechanism involved. Thus, in this review article, we summarize epidemiological evidence related to risk factors and lifestyle that affect COVID-19 severity and the mechanism involved. These risk factors or lifestyle interventions include smoking, cardiovascular health, obesity, exercise, environmental pollution, psychosocial social stress, and diet.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.23.1-23.12
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• 2022

Natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 or vaccination induces virus-specific immunity protecting hosts from infection and severe disease. While the infection-preventing immunity gradually declines, the severity-reducing immunity is relatively well preserved. Here, based on the different longevity of these distinct immunities, we develop a mathematical model to estimate courses of endemic transition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our analysis demonstrates that high viral transmission unexpectedly reduces the rates of progression to severe COVID-19 during the course of endemic transition despite increased numbers of infection cases. Our study also shows that high viral transmission amongst populations with high vaccination coverages paradoxically accelerates the endemic transition of COVID-19 with reduced numbers of severe cases. These results provide critical insights for driving public health policies in the era of 'living with COVID-19.'

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2022

We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, who developed a scaly erythematous skin rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Comirnaty (BNT162b2, BioNTech/Pfizer; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and proved positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines have been associated with an up-regulated T helper type 1-cell response, possibly favoring an immune system imbalance. Also, EBV reactivation has been postulated after COVID-19 vaccination, but only in the immunosuppressed. Noteworthy we report the first case of EBV viral reactivation associated with cutaneous manifestations in an immunocompetent patient after the COVID-19 vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.328-338
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• 2021

Humanity has been suffering from the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that began late in 2019. In 2020, for the first time in history, new vaccine platforms-including mRNA vaccines and viral vector-based DNA vaccines-have been given emergency use authorization, leading to mass vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to review the currently most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, investigate their immunogenicity and efficacy data, and analyze the vaccine safety profiles that have been published, to date.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

Presently, viral isolation in the diarrheal feces can be reached by many tools such as fluorescent antibody test(FA), negative contrast electron microscopy(NCEM), virus neutralization test, cell culture, and so on. The purpose of the study was to aimed at the establishment of simplified NCEM technique which can be efficiently applied for diarrheal feces and also the understanding on prevalence of viral-induced diarrhea in calves. One hundred fourty-seven korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were examined to their feces by the modified NCEM. Among them, 98(66.7%) were confirmed to have one or more viruses in feces. The viruses detected were identified as rotavirus(33.3%), coronavirus(16.3% ), togavirus(10.2%) and herpesvirus(0.7%). Ten cases of combined viral infection were consisted of 8 with rotavirus+coronavirus, one with rotavirus+togavlrus and one with rotavirus+herpesvirus. Dirrheal types could classified by yello-wish watery(44.9a ), blood-tinged(19.7% ), white watery(17.7% ) , brownish watery(14.3%), greenish watery(3.4%) diarrhea, respectively. Yellowish watery diarrhea(66cases) was frequently included rotavirus(31.8%), coronavirus(15.2%), and togavirus(13.6%), respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that the modified NCEM is reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for detection of viruses in the diarrheal feces and many calves rearing in Chonnam province have been exposed to some enteric viral agents mainly including rotavirus and coronavirus.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.7
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• 2020

The novel coronavirus pandemic that has originated from China and spread throughout the world in three months. Genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) predecessor, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) play an important role in understanding the concept of genetic variation. In this paper, the genomic data accessed from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) through Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) for statistical analysis. Firstly, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Akaike information criterion (AICc) are used to evaluate the best substitution pattern. Secondly, the maximum likelihood method used to estimate of transition/transversions (R) through Kimura-2, Tamura-3, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano, and Tamura-Nei nucleotide substitutions model. Thirdly and finally nucleotide frequencies computed based on genomic data of NCBI. The results indicate that general times reversible model has the lowest BIC and AICc score 347,394 and 347,287, respectively. The transition/transversions bias for nucleotide substitutions models varies from 0.56 to 0.59 in MEGA output. The average nitrogenous bases frequency of U, C, A, and G are 31.74, 19.48, 28.04, and 20.74, respectively in percentages. Overall the genomic data analysis of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV highlights the close genetic relationship.