• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.642-650
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• 2021

Strabismus is one of the most common disease that might be associated with vision impairment. Especially in infants and children, it is critical to detect strabismus at an early age because uncorrected strabismus may go on to develop amblyopia. To this end, ophthalmologists usually perform the Hirschberg test, which observes corneal light reflex (CLR) to determine the presence and type of strabismus. However, this test is usually done manually in a hospital, which might be difficult for patients who live in a remote area with poor medical access. To address this issue, we propose an automatic strabismus screening method that calculates the CLR ratio to determine the presence of strabismus based on image processing. In particular, the method first employs a pre-trained face detection model and a 68 facial landmarks detector to extract the eye region image. The data points located in the limbus are then collected, and the least square method is applied to obtain the center coordinates of the iris. Finally, the coordinate of the reflective light point center within the iris is extracted and used to calculate the CLR ratio with the coordinate of iris edges. Experimental results with several images demonstrate that the proposed method can be a promising solution to provide strabismus screening for patients who cannot visit hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2019

A 10-year-old intact female Jindo dog was presented with a 1-week history of conjunctival redness and ocular discharge in the left eye. There was an absence of menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct pupillary light reflex. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed corneal edema, ciliary flush, and aqueous flare. Intraocular pressure was 68 mmHg. Based on the information available, a diagnosis of glaucoma and uveitis was made. Subsequent histopathologic examination showed the glaucoma was produced by the effects of goniodysgenesis, posterior synechia, and pigment dispersion in the trabecular meshwork. This is the first report of primary glaucoma caused by goniodysgenesis in Jindo dogs.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.183-186
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• 2022

Plastic surgery around the eyes is usually performed under local anesthesia, using a mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine. Blindness is a rare but devastating complication after the injection of local anesthesia in this region. Most cases reported to date have been caused by occlusion of the ophthalmic artery or central retinal artery. In this case report, however, we present a highly unusual case of blindness caused by corneal edema after a local anesthetic injection. A patient visited the emergency room with a laceration on the eyebrow, and local anesthesia was injected before suturing. Immediately after the injection, severe corneal edema developed, making it impossible to observe the structures in the anterior chamber in detail or check the light reflex and visual acuity of the naked eye. An antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) and high-concentration steroid eyedrops were promptly applied. High-concentration steroids were also administered orally. On day 13 post-injury, the visual acuity of the naked eye improved to 1.0, and no recurrence of corneal lesions was observed. Although the cause of corneal edema after the local injection could not be conclusively identified, we hope that this report will help raise clinicians' awareness of this complication and appropriate treatment methods.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.610-613
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• 2010

An 8-year-old male dog weighing 7.9 kg was referred to us for evaluation of exophthalmos and corneal edema of the left eye, on which cataract surgery had been performed 3 years prior. On ophthalmic examination, the left eye showed an extremely high intraocular pressure (47 mmHg), with no menace response, dazzle reflex, or pupillary light reflex. The dog was treated with systemic and topical glaucoma medications. After treatment, corneal edema decreased but IOP did not return to within acceptable limits. Seventeen months later, the dog presented with hyphema, episcleral congestion, and corneal edema attributable to accidental trauma. The owner wished to maintain an attractive ocular appearance, and an intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) was thus inserted after the evisceration. Three months postoperatively, a corneal ulcer was detected, but this resolved successfully after prescription of appropriate medication. One year after surgery, no complications related to surgery were evident.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on effect of acupuncture for strabismus in Korea and other countries. We have analyzed 10 years (from 2006 to 2015) of case studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) on effect of acupuncture for strabismus. Methods The search database includes Oasis, KTKP (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: 'strabismus, acupuncture'. The search was limited to the publication date from 2006 to 2015. 7 case studies and 5 control studies were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions 1. The acupuncture treatment is effective for paralytic strabismus 2. The studies used BL1, GB1, ST2, TE23, GB15, EX-HN5, ST1, and LI4 acupoints and also an electroacupuncture treatment, which is 15 minutes of extraocular muscle stimulation, was used. 3. Degree of strasbismus was tested by Ocular motor range test, Corneal light reflex test, Ocular abducent scale test (Scott and Kraft, Diploptic range test).

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59.1-59.13
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• 2023

Background: Rocuronium bromide has been evaluated as a mydriatic agent in birds, but the species applied were limited and the dose and effect were variable. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical rocuronium bromide as mydriatics in 4 species according to horizontal palpebral fissure length: Feral pigeon (Columba livia), Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Northern boobook (Ninox japonica), and Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). Methods: A total of 32 birds (8 for each species) were included as pre-releasing examination. Rocuronium bromide was instilled in one randomly selected eye of each bird based on palpebral fissure length criteria (0.5 mg/50 µL for pigeons, 1 mg/100 µL for kestrels and boobook owls, and 2 mg/200 µL for eagle owls). The contralateral eye was used as control and treated with normal saline. After instillation of the drug, pupil diameter, pupillary light reflex, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were evaluated at 10 min intervals up to 180 min and at 30 min intervals up to 360 min. Results: Statistically significant mydriasis was obtained in all birds (p < 0.001). However, in boobook and eagle owls, marked mydriasis persisted until 360 min. Side effects including corneal erosion and lower eyelid paralysis were common, which was observed in 26/32 birds. Blepharospasm was also noted during this study. No systemic adverse signs were observed. Conclusions: Rocuronium bromide could be a good mydriatics option for 4 species of birds, however, further studies are needed to find lowest effective dose to reduce drug-related side effects.