• PNF and Movement
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of core stability training at deep abdominal muscle for balance control of hemiplegic patient. Method : The subject of this study was a 47-year-old man with right hemiplegia. He was treated five times a week for three weeks with core stability training at deep abdominal muscles. Evaluation tool was used Functional reach test(FRT), timed up and go test(TUG) and one leg standing for stroke patients. Result : The FRT distance increase, TUG time decrease, one leg standing time increase core stability training at deep abdominal muscles for right hemiplegia improved was the ability for maintain balance. Posture and control of trunk stability are changing posture, and so which showed significant improve of total balance control. Conclusion : The result of this study showed that core stability training at deep abdominal muscles is an effective treatment for balance control. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the rehabilitation of stroke patient with poor postural control and imbalance, although further studies are needed.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2015

본 연구는 정상 성인 20명을 대상으로 복부 안정화에 영향을 미치는 노르딕 워킹과 파워 워킹을 2주간 집중 시행한 후, 복부중심 근육(배속빗근, 배바깥빗근, 배가로근)의 활성도 및 두께, 그리고 복부 피하지방의 두께 변화를 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 근전도를 이용한 배속빗근과 배바깥빗근의 근활성값은 노르딕 워킹과 파워 워킹군 모두에서 훈련 후 높게 나타났으며, 특히 노르딕 워킹 훈련군의 경우 파워 워킹 훈련군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 근활성도의 변화를 보였다. 초음파를 이용한 배가로근과 배속빗근, 배바깥빗근의 두께는 노르딕 워킹 훈련군과 파워 워킹 훈련군 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의한 증가를 나타내었으나 군간 변화 차이는 없었다. 노르딕 워킹은 스틱을 이용하여 균형 안정감을 제공하며 상지와 하지의 큰 움직임을 통해 복부 안정화를 유도하는 효과적인 훈련방법으로써 다양한 재활운동의 형태로 적용하기에 유용할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the core muscle strength enhancement of the elderly on 8 weeks training using the core exercise equipment for the elderly on the ability to control the whole-body center of mass in posture stabilization. Method: 16 females (10 exercise group, 6 control group) participated in this study. Exercise group took part in the core strength training program for 8 weeks with total of 16 repetitions (2 repetitions per week) using a training device. External perturbation during standing as pulling force applied at the pelvic level in the anterior direction was provided to the subject. In a UCM model, the controller selects within the space of elemental variables a subspace (a manifold, UCM) corresponding to a value of a performance variable that needs to be stabilized. In the present study, we were interested in how movements of the individual segment center of mass (elemental variables) affect the whole-body center of mass (the performance variable) during balance control. Results: At the variance of task-irrelevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.482$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.899$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.039$, p>.05). At the variance of task-relevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.382$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.754$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.106$, p>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the 8 weeks training through the core training equipment for the elderly showed a significant decrease in the $Vcm_{TIR}$ and $Vcm_{TR}$. This result indicates that the core strength training affects the trunk stiffness control strategy to maintain balance in the standing position by minimizing total variability of individual segment CMs.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum core muscle activation angle according to core-strengthening exercises. Method: Twenty-six young female football players (age: $17.84{\pm}0.80years$, height: $163.08{\pm}5.25cm$, weight: $54.96{\pm}7.41kg$) registered in the Korea Football Association from D High School located in Seoul were the subjects of this research. An electromyogram (Noraxon, USA) was used for monitoring the maximum core muscle contraction activity. Results: The angle for the maximum core muscle strength per core exercise and muscle was the smallest for the upper rectus abdominis in the windshield wiper exercise. The angle of the vastus medialis was significantly the largest. The range of angles at which the maximum strength was observed for each core exercise were as follows: 1) abdominal flutter kicks ($11{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 2) leg raises ($21{\sim}34^{\circ}$), 3) scissors ($45{\sim}66^{\circ}$), 4) knee to elbow sit-ups ($42{\sim}64^{\circ}$), 5) reverse crunches ($9{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 6) butt-ups ($24{\sim}32^{\circ}$), 7) V sit-ups ($5{\sim}24^{\circ}$), 8) windshield wipers ($11{\sim}20^{\circ}$), 9) bird dog ($11{\sim}18^{\circ}$), and 10) raised leg plank ($38{\sim}50^{\circ}$). Conclusion: Four kinds of motion could be classified according to the range of angles at which the core muscles were maximally activated. The first group involves the range of motion that gives the maximum muscle strength when the lower extremity and ground angle was between $5^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}$, such as the V sit-ups, windshield wipers, and bird dog. The second group comprised the flutter kicks and reverse crunches at an angle between $9^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. The third group comprised the leg raise and butt-up exercises at an angle between $21^{\circ}$ and $34^{\circ}$. The fourth group included the scissors, knee to elbow sit-ups, and raised leg plank at an angle between $38^{\circ}$ and $66^{\circ}$. These results may be useful as basic data for core movement and core muscle training according to the purpose of exercise.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2023

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the general population and second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this study is to compare three different types of exercise training in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with neck pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (conventional treatment), Group 2 (conventional treatment plus deep cervical flexor training), and Group 3 (conventional treatment plus stabilization of the neck and core region). The exercise programs were applied for four weeks, three days a week. The demographic data, pain intensity (verbal numeric pain scale), posture (Reedco's posture scale), cervical range of motion ([ROM] goniometer), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]) were evaluated. Results: In all groups, a significant improvement was found in terms of pain, posture, ROM, and NDI values in all groups (P < 0.001). Between the groups, analyses showed that the pain and posture improved more in Group 3, while the ROM and NDI improved more in Group 2. Conclusions: In addition to conventional treatment, applying core stabilization exercises or deep cervical flexor muscle training to patients with neck pain may be more effective in reducing pain and disability and increasing ROM than conventional treatment alone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2017

Background Simulation training is becoming an increasingly important component of skills acquisition in surgical specialties, including Plastic Surgery. Non-living simulation models have an established place in Plastic Surgical microsurgery training, and support the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use. A more sophisticated version of the basic chicken thigh microsurgery model has been developed to include dissection of a type 1-muscle flap and is described and validated here. Methods A step-by-step dissection guide on how to perform the chicken thigh adductor profundus free muscle flap is demonstrated. Forty trainees performed the novel simulation muscle flap on the last day of a 5-day microsurgery course. Pre- and post-course microvascular anastomosis assessment, along with micro dissection and end product (anastomosis lapse index) assessment, demonstrated skills acquisition. Results The average time to dissect the flap by novice trainees was $82{\pm}24$ minutes, by core trainees $90{\pm}24$ minutes, and by higher trainees $64{\pm}21$ minutes (P=0.013). There was a statistically significant difference in the time to complete the anastomosis between the three levels of training (P=0.001) and there was a significant decrease in the time taken to perform the anastomosis following course completion (P<0.001). Anastomosis lapse index scores improved for all cohorts with post-test average anastomosis lapse index score of $3{\pm}1.4$ (P<0.001). Conclusions The novel chicken thigh adductor profundus free muscle flap model demonstrates face and construct validity for the introduction of the principles of free tissue transfer. The low cost, constant, and reproducible anatomy makes this simulation model a recommended addition to any microsurgical training curriculum.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of side planks on the muscle thickness of the core muscles, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis, and this study was conducted to compare whether side plank exercise according to the application of various unstable support surfaces increases the thickness by activating the action of the muscles. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults and were randomly and equally assigned to three groups by a random number table. All subjects were divided into three groups according to the application of an unstable support surface during the side plank(Group A = stable support, Group B = one unstable support, Group C = two unstable supports). The side plank exercise was performed 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The muscle thickness of the core muscle was measured before the intervention, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 times in total. All measured data were comparatively analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set to .05. Results : The results of this study were as follows : 1. All muscles showed an interaction between training period and group. 2. There was a significant difference between the groups at the 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle measurements. Conclusion : The thickness of the abdominal muscle increased during the side plank exercise according to the support surface, and the thickness of the abdominal muscle increased the most during the side plank exercise on the unstable support surface. Therefore, it is thought that the addition of an unstable support surface will provide a more effective therapeutic effect on the thickness change of the abdominal muscle during side plank exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2019

Purpose: This study identified the effect of abdominal muscle contraction using changes in waist circumference for healthcare workers with back pain due to inadequate posture during working hours. Methods: In this study, we provided educational training focused on posture alignment and utilized waist circumference change sensors to induce the contraction of abdominal muscles as a method to address low back pain in healthcare workers. All 32 participants received the same training and then were assigned to two groups: wearing the keeping core band (CB) and not wearing the keeping core band (NCB). For the CB group, the waist circumference change sensor was applied for 6 weeks during working hours. Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and paired t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. All statistical significance levels were set to α=0.05. Results: Trunk muscle endurance increased significantly in the CB group. There was no significant difference in stability index to evaluate static postural control, but active hip abduction tests, which evaluate dynamic postural control, showed significant decrease in the CB group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the induction of abdominal contraction using the waist circumference change sensor may improve the trunk muscle endurance and the postural control ability of the hip and pelvis of healthcare workers.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

Obejectives : Slow-motion strengthening trainings build up muscles better than any other type of training, these exercises focus on balancing and strengthening the muscles in the anatomical center of the body - the core - which includes the back, hip and abdominal muscles. Methods : We had a concept of 'core', and compared core muscles with 12 meridian tendino-musculature based on Thomas Myers' myofascial meridian. Results : It has been suggested that the core muscles correspond to meridians of foot- three Yin and foot- three Yang. The study of core muscles strengthening exercise and movement therapy is requred.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide more effective interventions for elderly men with weak core muscles by measuring the thickness of the muscles according to the five core stabilization exercise and comparing the thickness differences in muscles in each posture. Methods : The study selected 29 elderly men aged 65 to 80 years old among outpatient patients at S Medical Center in B city, and measured the muscle thickness by exercise posture once. In order to find out the thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles were measured by using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) in five exercise conditions. Results : A significant change in the thickness of the EO muscles in each group was measured by the method of motion, followed by the abdominal crunches (1.67±0.15), the lower body rotations (1.54±0.07). As a result of measuring the thickness of the IO muscles of each group according to the exercise method, the bridge group (1.14±0.22) was the highest, followed by the abdominal drawing group (1.05±0.03). As a result of measuring the thickness of the TrA muscles of each group according to the exercise method, the abdominal crunches (0.98±1.00) were the highest, and the bridge group (0.57±0.05) were higher in order of magnitude. Conclusion : Consequently, the five core stabilization exercises all affect changes in abdominal thickness and are expected to continue to require training studies on muscle posture.