• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2020

In this paper, based on the CPT, motion equations for a sandwich plate containing a core and two integrated face-sheets have derived. The structure rests on the Visco-Pasternak foundation, which includes normal and shear modules. The piezo-magnetic core is made of CoFe₂O₄ and also is subjected to 3D magnetic potential. Two face sheets at top and bottom of the core are under electrical fields. Also, in order to obtain more accuracy, the effect of flexoelectricity has took into account at face sheets' relations in this work. Flexoelectricity is a property of all insulators whereby they polarize when subject to an inhomogeneous deformation. This property plays a crucial role in small-scale rather than macro scale. Employing CPT, Hamilton's principle, flexoelectricity considerations, the governing equations are derived and then solved analytically. By present work a detailed numerical study is obtained based on Piezoelectricity, Flexoelectricity and modified couple stress theories to indicate the significant effect of length scale parameter, shear correction factor, aspect and thickness ratios and boundary conditions on natural frequency of sandwich plates. Also, the figures show that there is an excellent agreement between present study and previous researches. These finding can be used for automotive industries, aircrafts, marine vessels and building industries.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

압축하중 및 굽힘하중을 받는 유리섬유플라스틱(GFRP) 표피/ 알루미늄 하니컴 코어(GF-AH) 하이브리드 복합재료의 음향방출(AE) 특성을 다양한 파괴과정과 연결시켜 연구하였다. 표피층 파괴, 표피/코어간의 계면박리, 하니컴 알루미늄 벽의 국부적인 소성항복 좌굴 및 셀벽간의 접착수지 박리와 같은 다양한 파괴모드가 하니컴 코어/GFRP표피 복합재를 이용한 AE주파수 분포 해석과 진폭분포 해석결과를 통해 분류되었다. 높은 진폭을 가진 AE 사상율의 분포는 셀벽 접착수지의 파괴, 표피층과 심층 사이의 박리및 미세파괴, 섬유파단에 대응하였으며 다른 피크 주파수의 분포는 알루미늄 셀벽의 소성변형, 셀벽간의 마찰로부터 발생한 것이다. 결론적으로 GF-AH 하이브리드 복합재료의 파괴거동 특성은 AE기법을 활용한 비파괴 평가를 통해 분석 가능하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In this study, the variation of the shrinkage in the thickness direction of the molded parts according to the gate size of the polymer core fabricated through the 3D printer using the SLS method was studied. The polymer cores are laser sintered and the powder material is nylon base PA2200. The polymer cores have lower heat transfer rate and rigidity than the metal core due to the characteristics of the material. Therefore, the injection molding test conditions are set to minimize the deformation of the core during the injection process. The resin used in the injection molding test is a PP material. The packing condition was set to 80, 90 and 100% of the maximum injection pressure for each gate size. The runner diameter used was ∅3mm, and the gates were fabricated in semicircle shapes with cross sections 1, 2, and 3 ㎟, respectively. Thickness measurement was performed for 10 points at 2.5 mm intervals from the point 2.5 mm away from the gate, and the shrinkage to thickness was measured for each point. The shrinkage rate according to the gate size tends to decrease as the cross-sectional area decreases as the maximum injection pressure increases. The average thickness shrinkage rate was close to 0% when the packing pressure was 90% for the gate area of 1mm2. When the holding pressure was set to 100%, the shrinkage was found to decrease by 3% from the standard dimension due to the over-packing phenomenon. Therefore, the smaller the gate, the more closely the molded dimensions can be molded due to the high pressure generation. It was confirmed that precise packing process control is necessary because over-packing phenomenon may occur.

• 지질공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2008

단층의 내부 구조가 잘 구분되는 하나의 단층핵이 경주시 양북면 용당리 부근 작은 계곡에 인접하여 노출되어 있다. 단층핵의 중앙에는 약 25 cm두께의 단층비지대가 놓여 있으며 색깔에 의해 청회색 비지대와 녹황색 비지대로 구분된다. 현미경하에서 비지들은 옛 비지편, 석영, 장석, 철광물 등의 반상쇄편으로 구성되며 기질은 점토광물이 풍부하고 점토광물은 선택정렬하며 P엽리를 잘 발달시킨다. 청회색 비지와 녹황색 비지의 차이점은 녹황색 비지가 청회색 비지에 비해 점토광물이 훨씬 풍부하고, 반상쇄편의 수와 크기가 적으며, 철광물 또한 매우 풍부하고 철광물의 종류는 청회색 비지대에서 대부분 황철석인데 반해 주로 적철석으로 이루어진다. 이 적철석은 청회색 비지 형성 단층작용 시에 유입된 열수가 청회색비지대에 황철석을 침전시킬 동안 녹황색 비지대에는 기존의 황철석을 변질시켜 적철석을 형성한 것으로 생각된다. 단층핵 내 청회색 비지대와 녹황색 비지대는 점진적인 단층대 발달 단계를 거쳐 형성된 것으로 생각된다. 첫째 단계에서는 이른 단층작용이 시작되고 이에 수반되어 손상대가 생성되었다. 두 번째 단계는 손상대에서 반복적인 단열작용으로 각력대가 형성되었다. 세 번째 단계에서는 입자 마모와 연마작용이 활발하게 일어나며 녹황색 비지대가 발달하였다. 네 번째 단계에서 변형작용은 단층핵의 중심에서 옛 비지대(녹황색 비지대)가 변형경화로 비활동적으로 남을 때 단층핵의 연변을 향하여 새로운 비지대인 청회색 비지대가 생성되어 녹황색 비지대에 인접하여 부가되었으며 이로 인해 단층핵 내 비지대는 더 큰 폭으로 성장하였다. 비지대 내에서 청회색 비지대 생성 후 변형작용은 반상쇄편의 내부 파쇄작용과 혼합면열구조의 발달로 비지대 내 큰 변형이 수용되었다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2005

경기육괴 중앙부의 광주시 일대에 분포하는 선캠브리아기의 경기편마암 복합체는 흑운모호상 편마암 및 석영장석질 편마암으로 구성되어 있다 지질구조 분석결과 연구지역은 적어도 다섯 번의 변형작용을 받은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 첫 번째 변성작용(M1) 및 변형작용(Dl)중에 퇴적암(층리; S0)이 변성되어 흑운모호상 편마암으로 되었으며, 성분엽리(S1)가 발달되었다. 심성암이 관입 후 두 번째 변성작용(M2) 및 변형작용(D2)이 일어났으며, 이때 심성암이 엽리(S2)가 발달된 석영장석질 편마암으로 변하였다. 세 번째 변형작용(D3) 중에 수십 cm 규모의 밀착습곡 및 등사습곡(F3)이 발달하였으며, 축면방향으로 성분엽리(S3)가 발달하였다. 변위작용에 의해 뿌리 없는 습곡(F3)이 S3 엽리와 평행하게 발달되어 있다. 네 번째 변형작용(D4) 중에 남북방향의 압축력에 의해 약 100m의 축면분리를 가지는 F4 습곡이 동서 방향으로 발달하였다. 다섯 번째 변형작용 중에 동서 방향의 압축력에 의해 축면분리가 약 3km 규모의 남북 방향의 F5 습곡이 발달하였다. F5 습곡의 중심부에서는 F4 습곡에 F5 습곡작용이 중첩되어 F5 습곡의 습곡축면과 평행한 남북방향으로 F4 습곡이 발달되어 있으며 날개 사잇각 및 축면분리가 작아졌다. 반면에 F5 습곡의 서쪽 날개 지역에서는 북동방향으로, 동쪽 날개 지역에서는 북서방향으로 F4 습곡이 회전되었다. 연구지역에 발달되어 있는 엽리의 궤적은 주로 F4 습곡 및 F5 습곡에 의해 지배되어 있다. F4 습곡작용 동안에 취성변형작용에 의해 절리 및 단층이 발달하였으며 F5 습곡의 양쪽 날개부에는 부채꼴 절리가 우세하게 발달하고, 힌지대에는 be-절리가 우세하게 발달하였다 그 이후에 북서 방향의 주향이동 단층이 지질도 규모로 발달하였다. 제4기 동안에 발생한 산사태가 일부 절리 및 엽리의 방향을 반시계방향으로 약 $15^{\circ}$ 회전시켰다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2015

A nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model is presented for simulating the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFST) beam-columns subjected to constant axial compressive load and cyclically increasing flexural loading. The FEA model was developed based on ABAQUS software package and a displacement-based approach was used. The proposed engineering stress versus engineering strain relationship of core concrete with the effect of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio was adopted in the FEA model. The predicted results of the FEA model were compared with the experimental results of several RACFST as well as the corresponding concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam-columns under cyclic loading reported in the literature. The comparison results indicated that the proposed FEA model was capable of predicting the load versus deformation relationship, lateral bearing capacity and failure pattern of RACFST beam-columns with an acceptable accuracy. A parametric study was further carried out to investigate the effect of typical parameters on the mechanism of RACFST beam-columns subjected to cyclic loading.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1023-1044
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• 2015

Concrete-filled tubes (CFT), formed by an outer steel tube filled with plain or reinforced concrete inside, have been increasingly used these recent decades as columns or beam-columns, especially for tall buildings in seismic areas due to their excellent structural response. This improved behavior is derived from the effect of confinement provided by the tube, since the compressive strength of concrete increases when being subjected to hydrostatic pressure. In circular CFTs under compression, the whole tube is uniformly tensioned due to the radial expansion of concrete. Contrarily, in rectangular and square-shaped CFTs, the lateral flanges become subjected to in-plane bending derived from this volumetric expansion, and this fact implies a reduction of the confinement effect of the core. This study presents a numerical analysis of different configurations of CFT stub columns with inner stiffening plates, limited to the study of the influence of these plates on the compressive behavior without eccentricity. The final purpose is to evaluate the efficiency in terms of strength and ductility of introducing stiffeners into circular and square CFT sections under large deformation axial loading.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.1225-1228
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• 2004

We have studied the Polymer Stabilized Continuous Director Rotation (PSCDR) mode to solve the thermal shock problem which is core and main problem in CDR mode. The cell filled 95wt. % R2301 FLC and 5wt. % UCL-001 polymer is applied a low DC voltage only near the phase transition temperature from cholesteric to chiral smectic C phase transition to get defect-free alignment. In the previous work, we also confirmed layer deformation induced by an applied DC field only near the phase transition temperature from Ch to $SmC^{\ast}$. Results of layer structure, and characteristics of electro-optical properties between CDR and PSCDR mode will be discussed in this paper. We are also in progress to finalize the layer structures compared between CDR and PSCDR mode by x-ray measurements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2011

This paper proposes a method to calculate magnetostrictive forces, displacement, and vibration modes of a large-scale Brushless DC(BLDC) motor by using a magneto-mechanically strong coupling formulation. The force is calculated using the energy method with magnetostrictive stress tensor. The mechanical vibration modes are also analyzed by using the principle of Hamilton and the calculated magneto-elastic forces acting on the surfaces of the stator. To verify the algorithm, 3 MW BLDC motor is simulated, and the forces, displacements, and vibration modes are calculated. The result shows that the mechanically stressed core has more deformation or displacements than those of the normal condition.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 Handout for 2000 Inter. Machine Tool Technical Seminar
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

The spindle unit is core parts in high precision machine tools. Diverse static, dynamic and thermal charateristics of spindle unit are needed for special purpose of machine tools. Compromise between those charateristics will be done in concept design phase. High static stiffness at spindle nose may be very important performance for heavy cutting work. High dynamic stiffness is also useful to high precision and high speed machine tools. Improvement of thermal charateristics in spindle lead to high reliability of positioning accuracy. For high speed spindle structure, the design parameter such as, bearing span, diameter, bearing type and arrangement, preload, cooling and lubrication method should be in harmony.