• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.25-52
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• 1995

'Sang Han Lon' became the sources for treatment and prescription in the Oriental medicine. After that, for some 1800 years the various writings for studying in many ways more than 1000 books which many old sages really intended to inquire into and study the value of books. It is considered that it is the result which the old sages tried to grope for many-sided directions in order to understand 'Sang Han Lon'. In this study, I tried to inquire into prescription and its relevant medicinal substances, that is to say, the crystalization of the physiology, pathology and treating method on the basis of the academic sources of his thoughts. The method to approach is "from what basis of thought system was 'Sang Han Lon' derived first of all?" Secondly, how was the thought system, which became the basis of 'Sang Han Lon', applied to concretely? I studied on the basis of the above important two problems. It is well known to everybody that 'Sang Han Lon' succeeded to the tradition of Naekyung(內經) as well as Cwuyek(周易, Chinese classic on divination). Besides, I inquired into and arrived at conclusion as follows that how the viewpoint on the balance(平衡觀), which was one of the common point between. Cwuyek(周易) and medical science in case of the 'Sanghan prescription'(傷寒方), was applied to concretely. 1. In naming, it is considered that from the same interconnection which the common point with Cwuyek(周易) was the same as obtaining the imigination(取象), the imagination was obtained and was named. 2. In case of being concerned in the gastro-intestinal track, namely, the core of the balance and harmony with the balance and harmony being emphasized, '理中'(It implies 'taking care of gasstro-intestinal track')" and '建中'(It implies 'establishing of gastro-intestinal track'), that is to say, '中'(It implies 'taking care of' & 'establishing of gastro-intestinal track') was emphasized much more. 3. In case of treatment taking advantage of three kinds of medicine in draught, powder and pills in the prescription, while treating during adjusting the slowness and fastness, I maintained the harmony not to damage the righteousness(正氣). 4. In case of the prescription, when exhaling(發散), astringing(收斂), loosing bowels, protecting the gastro-intestinal track and vomitting, he used the medicinal sustances in order to protect the gastro-intestinal track and treated not to damage the righteousness. 5. Especially, in case of the prescription in order to adjust the negative and positive principle of inside-outside(素囊陰陽), he composed of medicinal substances relevant to hot, cold, spicy and sour(寒熱辛酸) in conformity with the prescription and I paid much more attention to the one-sided treatment. Considering the various prescriptions, it is regarded that the adjusting prescription is kept its balance. 6. In the way of processing the medicinal substances in order to change effect of medicine in conformity with the reenactment, he tried to plan the balance of '一升一降' with the decrease of RHEI RADIX ET RHIZOMA(大黃) and increase of wine. 7. In boiling the medicine, he boiled the composed medicine in the time sequence for the purpose of adjusting the slowness and fastness and adapted to harmony of the negative and positive principle(陰陽調和) on the essence function(體峻用純). 8. In taking medicine, he tried to reduce the time of taking the medicine in case of being boiled slowly and tried to increase the dosage and eventually he planned the balance of one time slowness and one time fastness. As I inquired into the above result, a few steps for protecting method to boil the relevant medicinal substances, how to take the medicine and how to process the composed medicinal substances in order to change the effect of medicine can make the human body, which the disease penetrate into, go forward to the righteousness(正氣) and what is much beter, it is considered that this protecting method can be a carefully considerable one in order to protect the righteousness and can subdue the disease, not to damage the gastro-intestinal track and there can exist the viewpoint of balance(平衡觀) on its core.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2017

Plant parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp., are mostly detected in imported bulbs and tubers including a ginger, Zingiber officinale in Korea by quarantine inspection. However, there is little information on hot water immersion treatment (HWIT) for control of exotic nematodes, which induce economic loss by discard or send back to exporter, in imported gingers. In here, we determined that mortality of two plant parasitic nematodes and thermal stability of ginger. Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp. were completely killed at $48^{\circ}C$ and $49^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec by HWIT. Thermal conduction of Z. officinale to reach a target temperature as $50^{\circ}C$ take 10~32 min and 6~16 min for core and inner 5 mm region from surface, respectively. When ginger exposed at $51^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, growth of Z. officinale was not affected by heat treatment compared with control. Based on these results, HWIT at $51^{\circ}C$ for 30 min completely killed artificially infected juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. in Z. officinale. Therefore, this condition for HWIT will be used as fundamental information on phytosanitory to kill two plant parasitic nematodes without damage on ginger.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

Earthquake disasters that exceed the design criteria can pose significant threats to nuclear facilities. Seismic probabilistic safety assessment(PSA) is a probabilistic way to quantify such risks. Accordingly, seismic PSA has been applied to domestic and overseas nuclear power plants, and the safety of nuclear power plants was evaluated and prepared against earthquake hazards. However, there were few examples where seismic PSA was applied in case of a research reactor with a relatively small size compared to nuclear power plants. Therefore, in this study, seismic PSA technique was applied to actually completed research reactor to analyze its safety. Also, based on these results, the optimization study on the seismic capacity of the system constituting the research reactor was carried out. As a result, the possibility of damage to the core caused by the earthquake hazard was quantified in the research reactor and its safety was confirmed. The optimization study showed that the optimal seismic capacity distribution was obtained to ensure maximum safety at a low cost compared with the current design. These results, in the future, can expect to be used as a quantitative indicator to effectively improve the safety of the research reactor with respect to earthquakes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

This paper introduces the first vital area identification (VAI) process for the physical protection of nuclear power plants (NPPs) during low power and shutdown (LPSD) operation. This LPSD VAI is based on the 3rd generation VAI method which very efficiently utilizes probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) event trees (ETs). This LPSD VAI process was implemented to the virtual NPP during LPSD operation in this study. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) had developed the 2nd generation full power VAI method that utilizes whole internal and external (fire and flooding) PSA results of NPPs during full power operation. In order to minimize the huge burden of the 2nd generation full power VAI method, the 3rd generation full power VAI method was developed, which utilizes ETs and minimal PSA fault trees instead of using the whole PSA fault tree. In the 3rd generation full power VAI method, (1) PSA ETs are analyzed, (2) minimal mitigation systems for avoiding core damage are selected from ETs by calculating system-level target sets and prevention sets, (3) relatively small sabotage fault tree that has the systems in the shortest system-level prevention set is composed, (4) room-level target sets and prevention sets are calculated from this small sabotage fault tree, and (5) the rooms in the shortest prevention set are defined as vital areas that should be protected. Currently, the 3rd generation full power VAI method is being employed for the VAI of Korean NPPs. This study is the first development and application of the 3rd generation VAI method to the LPSD VAI of NPP. For the LPSD VAI, (1) many LPSD ETs are classified into a few representative LPSD ETs based on the functional similarity of accident scenarios, (2) a few representative LPSD ETs are simplified with some VAI rules, and then (3) the 3rd generation VAI is performed as mentioned in the previous paragraph. It is well known that the shortest room-level prevention sets that are calculated by the 2nd and 3rd generation VAI methods are identical.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.501-512
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• 2018

The acid leachate derived from the sulfide mineral such as pyrite can cause problems such as aging of infrastructure and environment contamination around the civil construction site. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental effect of an acid leachate derived from pyrite in the Miryang area under road construction. In this study, 13 samples of situ core were used for the net acid generation (NAG) experiment. The chemical composition including pH, oxidation and reduction potential (ORP) and electrical conductance of water samples produced from the NAG test was analyzed. In additional, five polished thin sections of rock cores were made for electro microprobe analyses. In the results of the NAG tests, 7 samples showed lower values than pH 3.5. It strongly indicated that these areas are under the environmental and infrastructure damage by the acid leachate. The chemical type of the 7 samples was classified as the $Fe(Ca)-SO_4$ type, which is totally a different type compared to general groundwater. The concentration of total sulfur ranges from 0.004% to 12.5%. 6 rock samples are plotted on a potentially acid forming zone in the relation diagram between the total sulfide and NAG-pH. In conclusion, it is suggested that a protection method against an environmental demage and an infrastructure corrosions by the acid leachate should be prepared in all of areas under a road construction.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

Current leakage of industrial technologies with revealing state secret against nation is gradually increasing and scope of the spill is diversified from technology-oriented leakage to new economic security sector like information and communication, electrical and electronic, defense industry, illegal export of strategic material, economic order disturbance by foreign country, infringement of intellectual property, etc. So the spill damage can affect not only leaked company but also national interests and entire domestic industry. According to statistics from National Industrial Security Center of National Intelligence Service, a major cause of technology leakage is not only by external things about hacking and malignant code, but internal leakage of former and current employees account for about 80%. And technology leakage due to temptation of money and personal interests followed by technology leakage of subcontractor is steadily increased. Most studies in the field of security have tended to focus on measuring security capability of company in order to prevent leakage core assets or developing measurement Indicators for management rather than security activities of the company members that is most important. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of most underlying security education in security activities on security capabilities of enterprise. As a result, it indicates that security education have a positive(+) correlation with security capabilities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.513-521
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• 2020

B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) is a polycomb group protein and a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1. Initial research into Bmi1 has focused on its role in tumorigenesis, and it is generally accepted that it is important for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, more recent studies have revealed that Bmi1 is downregulated in brains with neurodegenerative disease and that it regulates the function of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species levels. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of Bmi1 in pilocarpine-induced seizures in Bmi1-knockout mice. Bmi1 expression transiently increased in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 and the dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). In terms of seizure behavior, SE induction was 43.14% and 53.57% for Bmi1^+/+ and Bmi1^+/- mice, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in mortality or hippocampal damage between the two groups. Two months after SE induction, the frequency of epileptic seizures in the Bmi1^+/- mice was 50% lower than in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, mossy fiber outgrowth in the Bmi1^+/- mice was significantly higher than in their wild-type littermates. Taken together, these data indicate that reduced Bmi1 activity increases pilocarpine-induced seizure probability and mossy fiber outgrowth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.465-471
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• 2013

A steam generator in nuclear power plant is a heatexchager which is used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core, and the steam produced in steam generator is delivered to the turbine to generate electricity. Because of damage to steam generator tubing may impair its ability to adequately perform required safety functions in terms of both structural integrity and leakage integrity, eddy current testing is periodically performed to evaluate the integrity of tubes in steam generator. This assessment is normally performed during a reactor refueling outage. Currently, the eddy current testing for steam generator of nuclear power plant in Korea is performed in accordance with KEPIC & ASME Code requirements, the eddy current testing system is consists of remote data acquisition unit and data analysis program to evaluate the acquired data. The KEPIC & ASME Code require that the electrical properties of remote data acquisition unit, such as total harmonic distortion, input & output impedance, amplifier linearity & stability, phase linearity, bandwidth & demodulation filter response, analog-to-digital conversion, and channel crosstalk shall be measured in accordance with the KEPIC & ASME Code requirements. In this paper, the measurement requirements of electrical properties for eddy current testing instrument described in KEPIC & ASME Code are presented, and the measurement results of newly developed eddy current testing instrument by KHNP(Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., LTD) are presented.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We aimed to propose a sub-classification system for the Taeeumin symptomatology by examining the Taeeumin pathology and symptomatology descriptions appearing in "Donguisusebowon". 2. Methods: The Gabo Edition and the Sinchuk Edition (the upgraded and revised edition) of "Donguisusebowon" were reviewed and examined for relevant information on the Taeeum pathology and symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) In the Taeeumin symptomatology, the Exterior disease develops from the basic pathology of Esophagus-Cold and the Interior disease from that of Liver-Heat, eventually progressing to damage of the expirational and dispersive energy of the Lung Sector, the Prime Core Organ or the excessively small organ of the Taeeum constitutional type. The resulting pathology can be broadly defined as the "Lung-Dryness symptomatology". 2) The case reports introduced in the Exterior disease section, including the Zhang Zhongjing Mahuang-tang treatment, Prolonged-affliction disease treatment, and Exterior disease Pestilential disease treatment, share several points in common. They all arise from the pathology of "weakness in the Lung sector and deficiency in the Exterior sector", and they can all be assigned to the same symptomatological division that presents with systemic heat and cold intolerance; this symptomatology can be defined as the "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology", the milder subdivision of the exterior symptomatology. 3) The body of text appearing in the last part of the Interior disease section commonly referred to as the "Taeeumin Conspectus" is in fact not a conspectus when its contents are actually examined. Instead, it can be understood from its pathological and symptomatological descriptions that the passage is explaining the more severe subdivision of the exterior symptomatology that has progressed from Esophagus-Cold to a pathology characterized by damaged expirational and dipersive energy of the Lung Sector. 4) The relocation of the "dry-related pathology" indicates a change in perspective regarding the "Dry-related symptomatology", which caused the rearrangement of the Interior disease into divisions of Liver-Heat symptomatology that is characterized by fulminant heat pathology and Dry-Heat symptomatology that is also accompanied by Lung-Dryness. 5) The Interior disease Yin-Blood Consumptive symptomatology should be included in the Dry-Heat symptomatology in the pathological scheme. 6) Based on the above, the subdivisions of the Taeeumin symptomatology should be arranged as "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology" and "Lung-Dry-Cold symptomatology" in the Exterior disease and "Liver-Heat symptomatology" and "Dry-Heat symptomatology" in the Interior disease.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Nowadays the number of crimes is increasing rapidly and society is getting more and more dangerous. Recently the criminal aspect of our society, the intelligence, diversity, localized area, as well as for the crime victims also difficult to predict the damage recovery is not easy to change their level of pain and are also serious. This phenomenon is increasingly expected to intensify, the proper response is a factory. The more so if the victim of murder. The criminal mediation working on the operational adjustments Borrower payment, Construction charges, investments and financial transactions due to interpersonal conflicts that occurred as a fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust property crimes such accused, individuals between the defamatory, offensive, encroachment, violating intellectual property rights and private Disputes about the complaint case and other criminal disputes submitted to mediation to resolve it deems relevant to the case who are accused. But the core of a detective control adjustment, adjust the members' representative to the region, including front-line player or a lawyer appointed by the attorney general at this time by becoming parties to this negative view may be ahead. Some scholars are criticizing the current criminal justice system for the absence of proper care for the criminal victims, as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system. The introduction of the summary trial and related legal cases, the command structure, compensation system, crime victims' structural system can be seen as more classify, crime subject to victim's complaint, By case with a criminal misdemeanor in addition to disagree not punish criminal, minor offense destination, traffic offenders, regular property crime, credit card theft, intellectual property rights violators can be seen due to more categories can try. They sued in law enforcement, Prosecution case has been received and if any one party to the criminal detective Arbitration request arbitration by the parties can agree to immediately contact must be referred to arbitration within 15 days of when the arbitration case will be dismissed. These kinds of early results of the case related to, lawyers are involved directly in the arbitration shall be excluded. Arbitration system is the introduction of criminal justice agencies working to help resolve conflicts caused by adjustment problems will be able to. This article does not argue that we should stick to the traditional justice system as a whole. Instead it argues that the restrictive role of the traditional justice is to be preserved.