• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 2001

Three dogs referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University were diagnosed as intervertebral disc disease. Physical examination, neurologic examination, survey radiograph, and myelography were performed in patients. Case 1 showed narrowing intervertebral space and calcified intervertebral disc material in survey radiograph. Case 2 showed increased opacity in the intervertebral opacity in survey radiograph. All of 3 cases showed extradural pattern during myelography. In survey radiography, radiographic signs consistent with intervertebral disc herniations include narrowing of the disc space and the dorsal intervertebral articular process joint space, small intervertebral foramen, increase opacity in the intervertebral foramen and extruded, mineralized disc material within the vertebral canal. Myelography is useful for evaluating the spinal cord and the cauda equina. Indication for myelography includes confirming a spinal lesion seen or suspected on survey radiograph, defining the extent of a survey lesion, finding a lesion not observed on survey radiograph, and distinguishing between surgical and nonsurgical lesion. In presentcases, two of three cases show radiographic signs of IVDD with survey radiograph and all of three case show extradural pattern during myelography. It is observed that intervertebral disc disease is one of the most important indication for radiographic examination and myelography of the vertebral column of small animals.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.48-57
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics, complications and level of social adaptation of spinal cord injured patients. The subjects were one hundred forty five members who were inpatients or outpatients from October 1, 2004 to April 30, 2005 in general hospitals and municipal welfare centers for the handicapped located in the metropolitan city of Gwangju. The following results were obtained using Modified Barthel Index (MBI). 1) Gender distribution was 77.9% male and 22.1% female. The mean age at the time of injury was 35.4 and the mean age during the study was 44.2. 2) The degree of paralysis among the subjects was as follows: 49.0% had complete paralysis and 51.0% suffered incomplete paralysis. The most frequently injured lesion among the subjects was cervical (49.0%), followed by thoracic (35.9%), and lumbar (15.2%). 3) The mean MBI score was 63.5. There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score in the relation between complete and incomplete paralysis, the relation between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar injury, and the relation between a recovery period of less than three years and more than three years according to the characteristics of injury (p<.05). 4) There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score of subjects who had complications concerning spasticity, deformity, urinary tract infection, and sexual dysfunction (p<.05). 5) The most serious emotional pain after spinal cord injury resulted from economic issues, which affected 35.2% of the subjects. The group having a shorter recovery period after spinal cord injury complained of psychological matters, the group having a longer recovery period complained about the surrounding environment (lack of convenient facilities), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05). 6) The most common activities of the group with injuries more than ten years old included meeting schoolmates and working, while most common activities of the group with injuries less than three years old included attending religious functions and miscellaneous others (watching TV, spending time with family), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives : The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury(SCI) may be divided into primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. The secondary mechanism involves free radical formation, excitotoxicity, inflammation and apoptotic cell death, and sets in minutes after injury and lasts for weeks or months. During this phase the spinal tissue damages are aggravated. Therefore, secondary mechanisms of injury serve as a target for the development of neuroprotective drug against SCI. The present study investigated the effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP), an active ingredient purified from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii(川芎, chuanxiong), on neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord compression injury in rats. Methods : SCI was subjected to rats by a static compression method(35 g weight, 5 mins) and TMP was treated 3 times(30 mg/kg, i.p.) during 48 hours after the SCI. Results : TMP ameliorated the tissue damage in peri-lesion of SCI and reduced TUNEL-labeled cells both in gray matter and in white matter significantly. TMP also attenuated Bax-expressed motor neurons in the ventral horn and preserved Bcl-2-expressed motor neurons. Conclusions : These results indicate that TMP plays a protective role in apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes in spinal cord injury. Moreover, it is suggested that TMP and TMP-containing chuanxiong may potentially delay or protect the secondary spinal injury.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.75-75
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• 1993

A retrospective review of 158 patients who had microlaryngeal surgery for benign vocal cord disease, at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kang-Nam St. Mary Hospital, over 2-year period from Mar. 1991 to Feb. 1993, was completed. Of 158 patients, 16 patients(10.1%, male 8 & female 8, most common in fifth decade) had concomitant vocal sulcus unilaterally (10) or bilaterally (6). Vocal sulcus was accompanied with 7.5% (7/93) of vocal polyp, 15.8% (6/38) of vocal nodule, 11.1% (1/9) of Reinke's edema and 8.3% (1/12) of vocal cyst. Vocal sulcus located above the associated disease in 13(59.1%), below the disease in 7(31.8%) and in the lesion in 2(9.0%). Vocal sulcus was found mainly on the midportion of the membranous vocal cord and the length was less than half of membranous vocal cord in 16(72.7%), more than half in 6(27.3%). In 12 cases (54.5%), vocal sulcus was deep enough to attach to the vocal ligament. We thought it is important to consider the concomitant vocal sulcus during the microlaryngeal surgery for benign vocal cord disease.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2021

A 29-year-old woman had 1-month history of back pain radiating into lower extremities, motor weakness, and sensory abnormalities in both lower extremities. Contrast-enhanced spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a homogeneously enhancing mass at the T12~L1 and several intradural enhancing nodular lesions at L2~S1. Tumor resection surgery was performed and following histological examination showed that the tumor satisfied the diagnostic criteria for atypical choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). To find primary tumor sites, contrast-enhanced brain MRI, whole spine MRI, and PET-CT were carried out and additional lesions were detected at the fourth ventricle, right cerebellum, and upper thoracic spinal cord. This is a very rare case of metastatic atypical CPP that involves brain, upper thoracic spinal cord, and cauda equina with initial manifestation of radicular symptoms without clinical signs of primary brain lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.836-840
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• 2000

Intramedullary spinal hemagioblastomas usually develope in cervical or thoracic region of spinal cord, but rarely in conus medullaris. We report a case of hemangioblastoma developed in conus medullaris. The 19-year-old male patient presented with slowly progressing low back pain and paresthesia of both legs. MRI and spinal angiography revealed a well-vascularized mass lesion in the conus medullaris with syrinx formation. Total excision of hemangioblastoma was achieved via posterior approach. Postoperatively, patient's walking difficulty was worsened transiently, but it was improved at discharge.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2005

A rare case of cervical subependymoma in a 45-year-old man is described. The tumor appeared as an extramedullary mass lesion, but a discrete, less well-demarcated portion was observed in the anterolateral part of the cord at the C3-C7 level. Previous reports of spinal subepnedymomas are reviewed, and nosological possibilities of extramedullary presentation are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.304-307
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• 1997

Continuous epidural infusion, a combination of local anesthetic and opioid, have been widely administered for treatment of chronic cancer pain. A serious complications of epidural block is paraplegia which can also be caused by : direct spinal cord injury, epidural hematoma, epidural abscess, ischemic change, neurotoxicity, preexisting disease. Continuous epidural block for pain control of patient with cervical cancer was performed at $T_{12}/L_1$ interspace. A 4 cm catheter was inserted cephalad into the epidural space. After four months, back pain and motor weariless of lower extremities progressively developed. Spine CT showed bony destruction and soft mass-like lesion at $T_9$ & $T_{12}$ spine. We propose paraplegia was caused by spinal cord compression which resulted from vertebral metastasis of cervical cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.316-319
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• 2013

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is considered to be a rarer autoimmune disease than multiple sclerosis. It is very difficult to make a diagnosis of MNO for doctors who are not familiar with its clinical features and diagnostic criteria. We report a case of a young female patient who had been suffering motor weakness and radiating pain in both upper extremities. Cervical MRI showed tumorous lesion in spinal cord and performed surgery to remove lesion. We could not find a tumor mass in operation field and final diagnosis was NMO. NMO must be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions to rescue the patient from invasive surgical interventions. More specific diagnostic tools may be necessary for early diagnosis and proper treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2010

Purpose: Mondor's disease is commonly known as a benign breast condition after augmentation mammaplasty, and some authors have also reported its association with other breast surgeries such as reduction mammaplasty or axillary lymph node biopsy. Here we report two cases of Mondor's disease after immediate breast reconstruction with silicone implant. Methods: Two women, 51-year-old and 36-year-old, underwent immediate breast reconstruction with silicone implants after nipple-areolar skin-sparing mastectomy. Results: Subcutaneous cord-like firm lesion appeared on upper abdomen, axillary area following surgery. The lesion was painless and spontaneously subsided with no medications. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mondor's disease developed after immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implant.