• Mycobiology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2020

Marine yeasts have tremendous potential in industrial applications but have received less attention than terrestrial yeasts and marine filamentous fungi. In this study, we have screened marine yeasts for amylolytic activity and identified an amylase-producing strain PH-Gra1 isolated from sea algae. PH-Gra1 formed as a coral-red colony on yeast-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar; the maximum radial growth was observed at 22 ℃, pH 6.5 without addition of NaCl to the media. Based on the morphology and phylogenetic analyses derived from sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a D1/D2 domain of large subunit of ribosomal DNA, PH-Gra1 was designated Sporidiobolus pararoseus. S. pararoseus is frequently isolated from marine environments and known to produce lipids, carotenoids, and several enzymes. However, its amylolytic activity, particularly the optimum conditions for enzyme activity and stability, has not been previously characterized in detail. The extracellular crude enzyme of PH-Gra1 displayed its maximum amylolytic activity at 55 ℃, pH 6.5, and 0%-3.0% (w/v) NaCl under the tested conditions, and the activity increased with time over the 180-min incubation period. In addition, the crude enzyme hydrolyzed potato starch more actively than corn and wheat starch, and was stable at temperatures ranging from 15 ℃ to 45 ℃ for 2 h. This report provides a basis for additional studies of marine yeasts that will facilitate industrial applications.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2018

The Earth Mechanics Institute (EMI) was established at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in 1974 to develop innovations in rock mechanics research and education. During the last four decades, extensive rock mechanics research has been conducted at the EMI. Results from uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), point load index (PLI), punch penetration (PP), and many other types of tests have been recorded in a database that has been unexamined for research purposes. The EMI database includes over 20,000 tests from over 1,000 different projects including mining and underground construction, and analysis of this database to identify relationships has been started with preliminary results reported here. Overall, statistically significant correlations are identified between bulk density and mechanical strength properties through UCS, BTS, PLI, and PP testing of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. In this paper, bulk density is considered as a surrogate metric that reflects both mineralogy and porosity. From this analysis, sedimentary rocks show the strongest correlation between the UCS and bulk density, whereas metamorphic rocks exhibit the strongest correlation between UCS and PP. Data trends in the EMI database also reveal a linear relationship between UCS and BTS tests. For the singular case of rock coral, the database permits correlations between bulk density of the core versus the deposition depth and porosity. The EMI database will continue under analysis, and will provide additional insightful and comprehensive understanding of the variation and predictability of rock mechanical strength properties and density. This knowledge will contribute significantly toward the increasingly safe and cost-effective geostructures and construction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2036-2041
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• 2005

The underwater multi-agent technology has many potential for the various activities related to ocean development/conservation in the near future. For example, in such fields as water pollution investigation, aquaculture control, or coral reef research, we feel a growing need for a system that realizes underwater continuous monitoring in the wide rang e. In this case, the target monitoring area will be sliced planar hierarchically toward the depth as monitoring layers, and many AUVs arranged on each layer track the given trajectory and gather various environmental information continuously, with communicating each other in the layer or with other layers. To realize those systems we need to develop AUV multi-agent technologies. So we are now building basic systems for basin experiment for the development of AUV multi-agent behavior. We must experience many situations and problems to be solved for the development of its elemental technologies by using real systems as well as our computer simulations. In this paper we introduce our concept of the experiment in the near future and the hardware/software design of our two types of handy AUVs and ultrasound ranging/communication system for that experiment. One AUV is designed using a 17inches-diameter glass sphere with DOS/V and RT-Linux based subsystems, which is intended to use not only in the basin but also in the calm real sea. The other AUV is designed for the basin experiment using a 7inches-diameter acrylic sphere with low-cost embedded system with SH-2 based subsystems. The basin experiment to verify the basic AUV facilities and ultrasound ranging for position detection was carried out.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2013

Carbon cycling and productivity within Weno Island of Micronesia enclosed by the coral reef may be likely self-maintained and insignificantly affected by the open ocean. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the mangrove known as providing the organic matter and habitats for many organisms in this enclosed area. In order to trace the nutritional source of fauna (mostly invertebrates) in the mangrove forest of Weno island, we analyzed the fatty acid (FA) and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of potential nutritional sources (mangrove leaf & pneumatophore, seagrass leaf & root, surface sediment, and particulate organic matter (POM) in water) and consumers (4 gastropods and anomura). The mangrove and seagrass contained the abundance of 18:2${\omega}$6, and 18:3${\omega}$3, whereas FAs associated with phytoplankton and bacteria were accounted for a high proportion in the surface sediment and POM. FA composition of consumers was found to be similar to those of the surface sediment, mangrove, and seagrass. These were also confirmed through the mixing model of stable isotope for contribution of nutritional sources to consumers. Overall results with the feeding types of investigated mangrove fauna indicate that investigated mangrove fauna obtained their nutrition from the various sources, i.e. the mangrove for Littorina cf. scabra, the microalgae for Strombus sp., and omnivorous Pagurus sp. and Terebralia cf. palustris. However, it is obvious that the nutrition of most species living in the mangrove ecosystem is highly dependent on the mangrove, either directly or indirectly. More detail food-web structure and function of the mangrove ecosystem would be established with the analysis of additional fauna and flora.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2013

In order to understand phytoplankton and bacterial distribution in tropical coral reef ecosystems in relation to the mangrove community, their biomass and activities were measured in the sea waters of the Chuuk and the Kosrae lagoons located in Micronesia. Chlorophyll a and bacterial abundance showed maximal values in the seawater near the mangrove forests, and then steeply decreased as the distance increased from the mangrove forests, indicating that environmental conditions for these microorganisms changed greatly in lagoon waters. Together with chlorophyll a, abundance of Synechococcus and phototrophic picoeukaryotes and a variety of indicator pigments for dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae and cryptophytes also showed similar spatial distribution patterns, suggesting that phytoplankton assemblages respond to the environmental gradient by changing community compositions. In addition, primary production and bacterial production were also highest in the bay surrounded by mangrove forest and lowest outside of the lagoon. These results suggest that mangrove waters play an important role in energy production and nutrient cycling in tropical coasts, undoubtedly receiving large inputs of organic matter from shore vegetation such as mangroves. However, the steep decrease of biomass and production of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria within a short distance from the bay to the level of oligotrophic waters indicates that the effect of mangrove waters does not extend far away.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.317-340
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• 2016

The Abrolhos Continental Shelf (ACS) encompasses the largest and richest coral reefs in the southern Atlantic Ocean. A taxonomic study of non-geniculate coralline algae (NGCA) from the region was undertaken using both morpho-anatomical and molecular data. Specimens of NGCA were collected in 2012 and 2014 from shallow reefs of the ACS. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using dataset of psbA DNA sequences from 16 specimens collected in the ACS and additional GenBank sequences of related NGCA species. Nine common tropical reef-building NGCA species were identified and described: Hydrolithon boergesenii, Lithophyllum kaiseri, Lithophyllum sp., Lithothamnion crispatum, Melyvonnea erubescens, Pneophyllum conicum, Porolithon onkodes, Sporolithon ptychoides, and Titanoderma prototypum. A key for species identification is also provided in this study. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that Lithophyllum sp. corresponds to a new species. Our study also confirms that Lithophyllum kaiseri is a new record in Brazil. The psbA sequences of Lithophyllum kaiseri and Melyvonnea erubescens matched with type specimens indirectly. The taxonomic identification of the remaining species was supported by morpho-anatomical evidences as DNA sequences of their types or topotypes remain unavailable.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2016

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1996

The main aim of this study was to develop carrot soups with fishery products, which is improved from traditional gruel of Cheju island. For this the optimal procedure and ingredient mixing ratio for making basic carrot soup was determined through the instrumental measurement, the sensory evaluation and the nutrient analysis, and then the carrot-fishery soups were prepared by mixing the fishery products from Cheju island. The results were as follows: The optimal procedure for making basic carrot soup was to saute the sliced carrots and soaked rices with the sesame oil for 5 min, add the water, bring to a boil for 6 min, simmer for 15 min, then puree the soup. The optimal ingredient mixing ratio in the basic carrot soup was carrot 300 g: rice 45 g: water 900 $m\ell$: sesame oil 15 $m\ell$: salt 5 g. For preparing carrot-fishery soups were the optimal fishery products mixing ratio i) 30% tile fish or crab, ii) prawn, abalone, top shell, or ear shell 20%, iii) sea urchin 15%, iv) fusiform or gulf weed 5％. The order of sensory evaluation scores, on a 5-point scale, were sea urchin, crab > top shell, tile fish > abalone, ear shell > prawn > coral fish > fusiform, gulf weed. Nutrient composition analysis showed that vitamin A was 5 times higher in carrot soup than in pumpkin soup. Sensory evaluation scores show that carrot soup was prepared to pumpkin soup. A portion (200 g) of the soup would provide 144% of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A. The results of this work indicate that an acceptable carrot-fishery soups of better nutritional and sensory values than pumpkin soup can be prepared.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5571-5575
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• 2014

Background: The ability to predict the survival time of breast cancer patients is important because of the potential high morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. To develop a predictive inference for determining the survival of breast cancer patients, we applied a novel Bayesian method. In this paper, we propose the development of a databased statistical probability model and application of the Bayesian method to predict future survival times for White Hispanic female breast cancer patients, diagnosed in the US during 1973-2009. Materials and Methods: A stratified random sample of White Hispanic female patient survival data was selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to derive statistical probability models. Four were considered to identify the best-fit model. We used three standard model-building criteria, which included Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) to measure the goodness of fit. Furthermore, the Bayesian method was used to derive future survival inferences for survival times. Results: The highest number of White Hispanic female breast cancer patients in this sample was from New Mexico and the lowest from Hawaii. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis (years) was 58.2 (14.2). The mean (SD) of survival time (months) for White Hispanic females was 72.7 (32.2). We found that the exponentiated Weibull model best fit the survival times compared to other widely known statistical probability models. The predictive inference for future survival times is presented using the Bayesian method. Conclusions: The findings are significant for treatment planning and health-care cost allocation. They should also contribute to further research on breast cancer survival issues.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to confirm whether or not coral has a preventive effect on development of atopic dermatitis induced by house mite(dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) in NC/Nga mice. Methods : This study was undertaken by using a reliable Atopic dermatitis mouse model demonstrating similar immune response. Lobophytum crassum was administered orally to NC/Nga mouse for 3 weeks. In order to verify the effectiveness of Lobophytum crassum in atopic dermatitis treatment, its role in immune factors were observed in NC/Nga mice. Results : ALT, AST, BUN and creatine levels were all within in the normal ranges in MC-1 200 and 400 (mg/kg) treated groups, indicating no induced toxicity. MC-1 200 and 400 (mg/kg) groups decreased of atopic dermatitis skin manifestation in NC/Nga mouse of MC-1 200 and 400 (mg/kg) groups compared to that of the control group and decreased the ratio of WBC and lymphocyte in blood. Also, MC-1 200 and 400 (mg/kg) groups significant decreased the ratio of CD4+, CD8+, CD11b+/Gr1+, B220/CD23 and CD4/CD25 immune cell ratio in ALN. Finally MC-1 200 and 400 (mg/kg) groups significantly increased the ratio of CD4+, CD8+, B220/CD23 and CD4/CD25 immune cells in DLN. Conclusions : Theses results suggested that Lobophytum crassum has suppressive effects on aberrant and overactive immunological activities in dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-induced dermatitis mice of NC/Nga.