• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

Copper slag is produced about 700,000 tons annually though copper refining process in Korea. In the paper, a laboratory investigation was carried out to estimate the geotechnical properties of copper slag and examine the feasibility of using the copper slag as a substitute for conventional construction materials and the improvement of the soft clay deposit. The specific gravity of copper slag is 3.45, and pH is 7.83. And the size distribution of the copper slag is well graded, so usage of copper slag will be extended in Geotechnical engineering fields. Copper slag has the permeability of 3.502${\times}$10￣$^2$cm/sec, which is satisfied with the criterion of sand drainage materials.. At the same time, it is thought to be suitable material for sand mat since it meets JIS of grain size distribution. The content of CaO from steel slag is about 40 percent while that of CaO from copper slag is about 5 percent. Based on this fact, copper slag has less hardening property compared to steel slag. Therefore, copper slag can be used as vertical drains, filters, and sand mats for improving the soft deposit.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.545-560
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• 2018

The ever-increasing cost of natural sand and the environmental impacts of extracting manufactured sand (quarry sand) calls for exploring the potential to use alternative materials as fine aggregates in concrete. Copper slag and ferrous slag are industrial by products obtained from the smelting process of copper and iron respectively. A large quantity of copper slag and ferrous slag end up being disposed as waste in landfills and this poses a serious threat to the environment. Copper slag and ferrous slag have similar physical and chemical properties as natural sand and also exhibit pozzolanic activity. This paper studies the technical feasibility of industrial by-products such as copper slag and ferrous slag to replace the fine aggregate in concrete by evaluating the workability, strength and durability characteristics of concrete. The test results indicate that the strength properties are not affected by 40% or 100% replacement of quarry sand with iron slag or copper slag. However, 40% replacement of quarry sand with iron slag or copper slag in concrete is recommended considering the durability aspects of concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.613-620
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• 2002

Sand Compaction Pile(SCP) is a soil improvement method that a sand charge is introduced into the pipe, and the pipe is withdrawn part away while the sand pile is compacted and its diameter is enlarged. The sand used in this method should be of good quality. In Korea, crushed stone and washed sea sand are used frequently in SCP. However, use of these materials is restricted because of environmental problem and deficiency of supply. In the copper smelting process, about 0.7 million tons of copper slag are produced in Korea. The range of particle size distribution of copper slag is from 0.15mm to 5mm, so it can be a substitute for sand, and the relatively high specific gravity compared with the sand, is its characteristic. Copper slag is hyaline and so stable environmentally that in foreign country, such as Japan, Germany etc., it is widely used in harbor, revetment and offshore structure construction works. Therefore, in this study, the several laboratory tests were peformed to evaluate the applicability of copper slag as a substitute for sand of SCP. From the mechanical property test, the characteristics of sand and copper slag were compared and analyzed, and from laboratory model test, the strength of composite ground was compared and analyzed by monitoring the stress and ground settlement of clay, SCP and copper slag compaction pile. Specially, this study focused on the application of copper slag as sand substitute in SCP pilot tests based on laboratory tests results.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 2015

Almost all copper slags contain a considerable amount of Cu (0.5 - 3.7%) close to or even higher than copper ores. A number of methods for metal recovery from copper slag were reported These methods can be classified into three categories, flotation, leaching and roasting. Sulfide flotation method for the recovery of copper from Kazahstan copper furnace slag is discussed in this investigation. 50% of copper from the slag was recovered by sulfide flotation at pH 4. meanwhile 67% of copper from the slag was recovered at pH 11. Higher copper recovery result at pH 11 rather than that at pH 4 was caused by the fact that copper sulfides were floated in particle size fraction over $100{\mu}m$ in concentrates at pH 11. When the slag were ground below $74{\mu}m$by ball milling, the recovery of copper by floation in slag improved to 78 - 83% because of copper liberation effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.278-279
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• 2014

This study was performed an evaluation of mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete using copper slag. So, various RPC containing copper slag were made by replacement ratio of copper slag and different the curing condition and their mechanical properties were investigated. From the experimental results, slump flow using copper slag tends to increase with replacement ratio. And also, 30% of copper slag with quartz sand was found to have a compressive strength superior to that of plain.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

The total production of the smelted copper reaches 450,000 tons per year, and the production of copper-related goods grows year by year owing to the extension of facilities and the development of production techniques. On the other hand, the volume of slag discharges by-produced at the time of copper smelting process is also on trend of increase. The by-produced copper smelting slag amounts to 700,000 tons a year, which is one and half times of the total smelted copper production. Accordingly nobody disagrees that comprehensive researches on how to deal with and how to reuse the accumulated smelting copper slag have to be encouraged. Even though the possible uses of the copper smelting slag have being made on various levels at present as materials for iron powder cement, sand-blasting and fire-proofing rock wool, but a considerable volume of the slag is abandoned as unnecessary by burying or piling up in careless in the open ground.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Each year, more than seven hundred thousand tons of copper slag are generated in Korea as a byproduct during the production of copper. Due to the large amount of copper slag produced, there has been increased interest in the use of copper slag as a construction material. To evaluate the potential of copper slag as a construction material, laboratory evaluations were conducted in this study, and three particle shapes and replacement rates of river sand were selected as experimental variables. Strength, air-void characteristics, and sulfuric acid resistance were the three properties evaluated to assess whether copper slag can be used as a construction material. Test results indicate that the gradation of copper slag has an effect on strength, and the maximum strength was achieved when 60 % of river sand was replaced with copper slag. In addition, when compared with ordinary Portland cement mortar, replacing river sand with copper slag reduced air void size and increased sulfuric acid resistance.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

Within a country, owing to the restriction of aggregate which have been supplied to construction sites, applicability of byproducts such as the copper slag is expected to be more reasonable. In this study, on the basis of characteristics, grain distribution and environmental stability of copper slag, its engineering application was estimated as the vertical and horizontal drainage material. As a results of laboratory tests, it was shown that the permeability of the copper slag was similar to that of sands under vertical drainage condition. In addition, the copper slag showed higher critical hydraulic gradient than that of sand under upward vertical flow state. The copper slag has potential safety against piping and it that the copper slag is suitable for drainage and filter material.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.195-207
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• 2002

The domestic, quantity of copper slag as a by-product at copper smelting process reaches 700,000 tons annually while its application is limited. Therefore, the secure disposal plan of copper slag is urgently required. For this reason, in this study, copper slag was used as a substitute for sand in Sand Compaction Pile that is one of the improvement methods of soft ground because the particle size distribution of copper slag ranges from 0.15mm to 5m(coarse state) and it maintains stable glassy state environmentally. The geotechnical characteristics of copper slag were evaluated through laboratory model tests and the field application of copper slag was compared with generally used sand by pilot tests. From these experimental results, copper slag's material characteristics, bearing capacity, settlement reduction and improvement effects of surrounding ground were found to be superior to generally used sand. The copper slag can be used as a substitute far sand in the Sand Compaction Pile method and as recycling material of industrial by-product with high econonical and environmental value when natural resources are being exhausted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2013

The paper study on the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete using copper slag. A change in the replacement ratio s of copper slag was measured compressive strength and slump flow. As a results, slump flow using copper slag tend to increase slump flow with replacement ratio. As the concrete with a replacement ratio of copper slag up to 30% was found to have a compressive strength superior to that of plain.