• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.247-275
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to offer the results of content analysis and qualitative study that explored the perceptions about quality nursing care of patients and families as consumers and to identify the implications of this study for quality nursing care management and research. The data was collected from 12 adult patients and 9 families who were admmitted at medical and surgical nursing unit of one university hospital in Seoul from October, 1996 to January, 1997. Research participants were asked to response "what do you think quality nursing care?" and similar questions during the interviews was performed. Data were analyzed using open coding and content analysis with frequencies and percents of attributes of quality nursing care. Attributes of quality nursing care and meaning of quality nursing care that patients and families perceived were explored. 1. The attributes of quality nursing care that patient and families perceived were categorized into 56 attributes. The highest response rate among the attributes was 'one's heart at ease' (76.2%), and the next high response rates were ranked in order 'consideration' , 'care about' (each 61.9% 'expert skill' (57.1%), 'deal with problem promptly' , 'information offer' (42.9%), 'intimate feeling' (38.1%), 'smile' 'service spirit' , 'do one's best' (each 33.3%), 'frequent visit' (23.8%), 'observe the time' (23.8%), 'direct nursing care' , 'speaking warmly' , give a hope' , 'address kindly' , 'a sense of duty' , 'good facilities' (each 19.0%), 'inquire after a patient health' , 'patient-centered nursing care' , 'showing an example' , 'professional knowledge' , 'careless moraly patient' , 'give encourage to patients' , 'good answer a question' (each 14.3%), 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill' , 'dependability' ,'consolation' giving a sense of security' , 'a self sacrificing spirit' , 'a sense of responsibility' 'hard - working', 'enough disposition of nursing staff (each 9.5%), 'improve patient's pride' and the rest attributes exhibited 4.7%, respectively. 2. The attributes that were identified in patients' data only were 8 categories, 'service sprit' (58.3 %) 'expert knowledge' , 'good answer a question' (each 25.0%), 'hard working' (16.7%), 'a warm character', 'professional attainments', 'do without reserve', 'satisfaction' (each 8.3%), 3. The attributes were identified to families' data only were 31 categories, 'speaking warmly' , 'direct nursing care', 'adress kindly', 'patientcentered nursing care', 'showing an example' (each 33.3%). 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'consolation', 'giving a sense of security', 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill', 'dependability' ,'a self - sacrificing spirit', 'a sense of responsibility' (each 22.2%), 'improve patient's pride' , 'without discrimination' , 'show kindness' , 'individual nursing care', 'being with patient' , 'helping' , 'accuracy' , 'without any mistake' , 'love' , 'self - confidence', 'self possession', 'a self - denying spirit' , 'a sense of duty' , 'tighten discipline' , 'disposed room with similar patient to diagnosis', 'compensatory relationship between me dical team' , 'role of connection' (each 11.1 %). 4. The attributes of quality nursing care were integrated into 11 categories that they were 'patientcentered nursing care' (25.1%), 'expertise' (22.1%), 'caring'(18.1%), 'kindness'(11.1%L 'nurse attainments(10.1%), 'sincerity' (7.5%), 'good environment' (2.0%), 'effective organizational management', 'coordination', 'enough nursing staff' ( each 1.0%), 'satisfaction' (0.5%) were showed in the order of the highest rate. 5. The concept of quality nursing care were defined as 'give a satisfaction to patients by patientcentered care based on professional skill and caring with kindness and sincerity'. The description of the meaning of quality nursing care provided by this research participants, patients and families can provide important information for quality nursing care management, medical marketing, education and researches of this field. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made: to suggest to utilize this results for patient care in practice setting, development of quality assessment tool in nursing care, repeat study by the same subjects and method, and to a comparative study by the same method to nurse.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.105-138
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• 2009

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference among Several Countries which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in APEC that had been held in Busan in 2005. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and national intelligence service who had experienced in Busan APEC and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The results obtained from the face to face interview with four experts of security-enforcement agency about the role and importance of site activity stage for international conference among several countries are as followings ; First, the system that experienced security-enforcement agents can be selected for the next national security event is needed, by data-basing the security-enforcement agents who were experienced in security event as man power management. Second, the middle-term plan for the introduction of high-tech equipment and joint inspection with relevant security agents are needed for the efficient explosive technical detection. Third, high-tech security equipment could be introduced through the international high-tech security equipment exhibition. Fourth, an anti-terrorism plan should be measured by sharing information through the cooperation with domestic and international intelligence agency. Fifth, public relations should be measured systematically by organization rather than agents' individual public relations. Sixth, political consideration to secure integrative coordination with other agency is needed for security activity, through normal cooperation with fire fighting related agency such as an electric, gas, elevator company. Seventh, a definite press guideline is needed for a convenient news coverage and safety during security event.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Probing the electronic structures of crystalline Mg-silicates at high pressure is essential for understanding the various macroscopic properties of mantle materials in Earth's interior. Quantum chemical calculations based on the density functional theory are used to explore the atomic configuration and electronic structures of Earth materials at high pressure. Here, we calculate the partial density of states (PDOS) and O K-edge energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) spectra for $MgSiO_3$ perovskite at 25 GPa and 120 GPa using the WIEN2k program based on the full-potential linearized projected augmented wave (FP-LPAW) method. The calculated PDOS and O K-edge ELNES spectra for $MgSiO_3$ Pv show significant pressure-induced changes in their characteristic spectral features and relative peak intensity. These changes in spectral features of $MgSiO_3$ Pv indicate that the pressure-induced changes in local atomic configuration around O atoms such as Si-O, O-O, and Mg-O length can induce the significant changes on the local electronic structures around O atoms. The result also indicates that the significant changes in O K-edge features can results from the topological densification at constant Si coordination number. This study can provide a unique opportunity to understand the atomistic origins of pressure-induced changes in local electronic structures of crystalline and amorphous $MgSiO_3$ at high pressure more systematically.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2000

Macroacyclic transition metal complexes such as $Cu(H_2L[A]).H_2O$, $Cu(H_2L[B]).H_2O$, CuFe(L[A]($NO_3$).$4H_2O$, CuFe(L[B])($NO_3$).$4H_2O$, [$CuGd(H_2L[A])(NO_3)_2](NO_3).2CH_3OH$, [CuGd($H_2L$[B])($NO_3)_2$]($NO_3).2CH_3OH were prepared from the corresponding hexadentate compartmental ligands, $H_4L[A]$ and $H_4L[B]$, which were obtained by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethy1-5-methyIbenzaldehyde(HHNNB) and ethylenediamine or l,3-diaminopropane. Ln-macrocyclic([20]DOTA) complexes,[Ln([20]DOTA)($NO_3)(H_2O)$]($NO_3$)2.$xH_2O${Ln(III)=Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, which had been synthesized from 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol(DFPC), was placed in methanol for 2 days, and [Ln([20] DOTA)($NO_3)(CH_3OH)]^{2+}$ was formed The equilibrium constants (k) for the substitution of coordinated $CH_3OH$ in the Ln-[20]DOTA complexes by various bidentate auxiliary ligands, $L_a$(=o-phenylenediamine,1,10-phenanthroline, ethylenediamine,oxalicacid, malonic acid, acethylacetone) were determined by spectroscopic method at $25^{\circ}C$ and 0.1M $NaClO_4$.The pKa of auxiliary ligands is in the order of o-phenylenediamine < 1,10-phenanthroline < ethylene-diamine, oxalic acid < malonic acid < acethylacetone. However, the equilibrium constant(K) has shown thetrend of ethyleneiamine < 1,10-phenanthroline < o-phenylenediamine, acethylacetone < malonic acid < oxalic acid.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1999

For the purpose of utilization in 3-D conformal radiotherapy and whole body radiosurgery, the Whole Body 3-Dimensional Topographic Radiation Therapy System has been developed. Whole body frame was constructed in order to be installed on the couch. Radiopaque catheters were engraved on it for the dedicated coordinate system and a MeV-Green immobilizer was used for the patient setup by the help of side panels and plastic rods. By designing and constructing the whole body frame in this way, geometrical limitation to the gantry rotation in 3-D conformal radiotherapy could be minimized and problem which radiation transmission may be altered in particular incident angles was solved. By analyzing CT images containing information of patient setup with respect to the whole body frame, localization and coordination of the target is performed so that patient setup error may be eliminated between simulation and treatment. For the verification of setup, the change of patient positioning is detected and adjusted in order to minimize the setup error by means of comparison of the body outlines using 3 CCTV cameras. To enhance efficiency of treatment procedure, this work can be done in real time by watching the change of patient setup through the monitor. The method of image subtraction in IDL (Interactive Data Language) was used to visualize the change of patient setup. Rotating X-ray system was constructed for detecting target movement due to internal organ motion. Landmark screws were implanted either on the bones around target or inside target, and variation of target location with respect to markers may be visualized in order to minimize internal setup error through the anterior and the lateral image information taken from rotating X-ray system. For CT simulation, simulation software was developed using IDL on GUI(Graphic User Interface) basis for PC and includes functions of graphic handling, editing and data acquisition of images of internal organs as well as target for the preparation of treatment planning.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2010

This paper presents the occurrence and damage characteristics of the rice leaf-folder populations in the paddy fields of Dangsu-dong, Suwon from 2004 to 2007, and also reports the insecticide response of rice leaf-folder populations, which were collected from 2005 to 2006 in Korea and Vietnam. Laboratory measurements of the head capsule width and body length data enabled the identification of the rice leaf-folder larva stages collected in the field. The rice leaf-folder population in Suwon from 2004 to 2007 has a clear pattern consisting of two different group: the low and high density years. During the low density years (2004 and 2006), only one adult peak was noted in late August, with the damaged-hill percent less than 10% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent around 2% in September. In contrast, during the high density years (2005 and 2007), two adult peaks were noted in early August and mid-September, with the damaged-hill percent was around 30% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent 15 to 30% in September, which was beyond the economic injury level of rice leaf-folder. High correlations existed between the occurrence of rice leaf-folder in late July and early August and damages to rice during September. Based on these results, we suggest that the information on the rice leaf-folder population monitored by the adult density or damaged-hill percent in late July and early August would be very useful for predicting the damages later in the season for aiding in decision-making for timely control. In addition, the regional populations of rice leaf-folder showed the similar responses to the insecticides tested: high susceptibility to IGRs (tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide) and organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl, pyridaphenthion), but relatively low to cartap.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

Cobalt ferrocyanide (CoFC) or nickel ferrocyanide (NiFC) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated for efficient removal of radioactive cesium, followed by rapid magnetic separation of the absorbent from contaminated water. The $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles, synthesized using a co-precipitation method, were coated with succinic acid (SA) to immobilize the Co or Ni ions through metal coordination to carboxyl groups in the SA. CoFC or NiFC was subsequently formed on the surfaces of the MNPs as Co or Ni ions coordinated with the hexacyanoferrate ions. The CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs possess good saturation magnetization values ($43.2emu{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for the CoFC-MNPs, and $47.7emu{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for the NiFC-MNPs). The fabricated CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and DLS. The adsorption capability of the CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs in removing cesium ions from water was also investigated. Batch experiments revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity values were $15.63mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (CoFC-MNPs) and $12.11mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (NiFC-MNPs). Langmuir/Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations were used to fit the experimental data and evaluate the adsorption process. The CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs exhibited a removal efficiency exceeding 99.09% for radioactive cesium from $^{137}Cs$ solution ($18-21Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$). The adsorbent selectively adsorbed $^{137}Cs$, even in the presence of competing cations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1996

Background: $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI(Methoxyisobutylisonitrile complex), a member of the isonitrile class of coordination compounds, is a lipophilic cation presently under investigation for clinical use as myocardial perfusion imaging agent and is widely used to detect myocardial infarction. Preliminary reports indicate that $T_1$-201 accumulate in human neoplasm and several authors reported $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI may also localized in primary malignant tumor and metastatic deposits from lung cancer. We evaluated the uptake of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI in lung cancer and localization of mediastinal and other site metastasis, and compared the benign lesion of the lung. Method: Thirty four patients of lung cancer and ten patients of benign lung lesion were studied with chest CT and $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI Lung SPECT. $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI uptake ratio was assessed by TR/NL(Lung lesion/ Normal area), HT/NL (Heart/Normal area) and HT/TR(Heart/Lung lesion). Results: 1) All lung cancer patients showed increased uptakes of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI in malignant lung lesion and Tc-99m MIBI uptake was also increased in mediastinal and lymph node metastasis except two cases. 2) There was significant different ratio of TR/NL between malignant and benign lesion, $3.79{\pm}1.82$ and $1.67{\pm}0.63$ on planar images, respectively(p<0.001). 3) There was no significant difference of $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI uptake ratio between squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adeno carcinoma($3.64{\pm}1.66$, $3.57{\pm}0.72$, $4.31{\pm}2.28$ respectively). Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$ MIBI lung SPECT was useful in the localization of tumor and mediastinal or other site metastatic lesion in lung cancer and also in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesion.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.351-370
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• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2010

To screen for potential biocontrol agents against postharvest disease of garlics caused by Penicillium hirsutum, a total of 1292 isolates were isolated from the rhizoshere or rhizoplane of Allium species. Among them, S59-4 isolate was selected as a potential biocontrol agent by in vivo wounded garlic bulb assay. The isolate was identified as Pantoea agglomerans (Pa59-4) through Biolog system. Pa59-4 did not inhibit the mycelial growth of P. hirsutum in dual-culture with P. hirsutum on tryptic soy agar. In order to elucidate mode of action of Pa59-4 on biological control, nutrient competition between Pa59-4 and P. hirsutum was investigated by the simple method using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts containing defusing membrane reported by Janisiewicz et al. (2000). The results showed that Pa59-4 effectively suppressed spore germination and mycelial growth of blue mold in the low concentration (0.5%) of garlic juice, but it did not suppress those of blue mold in the high concentration (5%) of garlic juice. This result suggests that the mechanism in biocontrol of garlic blue mold by Pa 59-4 may be involved in nutrient competition with P. hirsutum on garlic bulbs.