• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.614-614
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• 2013

The effect of graphene growth parameters on the number of graphene layers were systematically studied and growth mechanism on copper substrate was proposed. Parameters that could affect the thickness of graphene growth include the pressure in the system, gas flow rate, growth pressure, growth temperature, and cooling rate. We hypothesis that the partial pressure of both the carbon sources and hydrogen gas in the growth process, which is set by the total pressure and the mole fraction of the feedstock, could be the factor that controls the thickness of the graphene. A synthetic method to produce such large area graphene films with precise thickness from mono- to few-layer would be ideal for chemists and physicists to explore the promising electronic applications of these materials. Here, large-area uniform mono-, bi-, and few-layer graphene films were successfully synthesized on copper surface in selective growth windows, with a finely tuned total pressure and $CH_4$/$H_{2gas}$ ratio. Our findings may facilitate both the large-area synthesis of well-controlled graphene features and wide range of applications of graphene.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

Exploitation of renewable energies is on the increase to mitigate the reliance on fossil fuels and other natural gases with rocketing prices currently due to the depletion of their reserves not to mention their diverse consequences on the environment. Divergently, there are lots of industries "throwing" heat at higher temperatures as by products into the environment. This waste heat can be recovered through organic Rankine systems and converted to electrical energy with a waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle system (WHR-ORC). This study uses the annual average condenser effluent from Namhae power plant as heat source and surface seawater as cooling source to analyze a waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle using the Aspen HYSYS simulation software package. Hydrocarbon mixtures are employed as working fluid and varied in a ratio of 9:1. Results indicate that Pentane/Isobutane (90/10) mixture is the favorable working fluid for optimizing the waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle at the set simulation conditions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2020

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the residual behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) beam-columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. Two parameters were considered in this test: (a) recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages (i.e. 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100%); (b) high temperatures (i.e. 20, 200, 400, 600, and 800℃). A total of 25 RRAC short columns and 32 RRAC beams were conducted and subjected to different high temperatures for 1 h. After cooling down to ambient temperature, the following basic physical and mechanical properties were then tested and discussed: (a) surface change and mass loss ratio; (b) strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and steel subjected to elevated temperatures; (c) bearing capacity of beam-columns; (d) load-deformation curve. According to the test results, the law of performance degradation of RRAC beam-columns after exposure to high temperatures is analyzed. Finally, introducing the influence coefficient of RCA replacement percentage and high temperatures, respectively, to correct the calculation formulas of bearing capacity of beam-columns in Chinese Standard, and then the residual bearing capacity of RRAC beam-columns subjected elevated temperatures is calculated according to the modified formulas, the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The present study deals with the microstructure and mechanical properties of 700 MPa-grade high-strength seismic resistant reinforced steel bars fabricated by various TempCore process conditions. For the steel bars, in the surface region tempered martensite was formed by water cooling and subsequent self-tempering during TempCore process, while in the center region there was ferrite-pearlite or bainite microstructure. The steel bar fabricated by the highest water flow and the lowest equalizing temperature had the highest hardness in all regions due to the relatively fine microstructure of tempered martensite and bainite. In addition, the steel bar having finer microstructures as well as the high fraction of tempered martensite in the surface region showed the highest yield and tensile strengths. The presence of vanadium precipitates and the high fraction of ferrite contributed to the improvement of seismic resistance such as high tensile-to-yield strength ratio and high uniform elongation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2022

This study compared the physicochemical and gelatinization properties of naked barley, tetrastichum barley, and waxy barley. Compared to tetrastichum barley and waxy barley, naked barley had shorter and rounder grains with a 1.43 length/width ratio. Tetrastichum barley had lower crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash content and higher amylose content compared to naked barley and waxy barley. The L, a, b color values of waxy barley were significantly higher than those of naked barley and tetrastichum barley. The water absorption index (WAI) and the water soluble index (WSI) were highest in waxy barley. The X-ray diffraction pattern was type A in all samples, and the peak intensity was highest in waxy barley. The maximum viscosity, cooling viscosity, breakdown, and setback of amylogram properties were the highest in tetrastichum barley. The thermal properties through the differential scanning calorimeter showed that the waxy barley had higher values of the onset, peak, conclusion temperature and enthalpy (?H). In conclusion, the variety of barley influenced the physicochemical and gelatinization properties, which could be important factors in the manufacture of processed foods. These results would thus useful inputs for the manufacturing of these foods using barley.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

최근 "전력 예비율" 급감에 대한 해결책으로 양방향 송배전이 가능한 마이크로 그리드로 전환되고 있다. 마이크로 그리드는 소규모 분산전원과 부하로 구성되는데, 분산전원의 대표적인 기술로 가정·건물에 적용하는 소형 열병합 발전시스템이 있다. 본 연구에서 가스 소비량 232.6kW(20만 kcal/h) 이내의 소형 가스엔진 발전시스템의 안전기준을 도출하고 발전 시스템, 냉각시스템, 윤활 시스템, 배기 시스템으로 구분하여 안전기준(안)을 개발하였다. 발전시스템의 경우 필터를 설치하고 가스 누출 및 엔진 회전수나 출력에 이상이 발생할 경우 이를 감지하여 시스템이 정지하도록 하였고, 냉각시스템은 냉각수 부족이나 과열이 발생할 경우 시스템이 정지하도록 규정하였다. 윤활 시스템은 윤활유의 압력과 온도를 모니터링 하고 이상이 발생할 경우 시스템을 정지하도록 하고, 배기 시스템은 국내·외 기준과 부합하여 배기가스 배출 농도 규제 값을 지정하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 가스엔진 발전시스템의 안전성을 향상시키고 제품 확산·보급에 이바지할 수 있다고 판단한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1997

During the day time in summer, peak of air conditing load, and electric power management system lies under overloaded condition. The reason is the enlarged peak load value of electric power caused by increased air-cooling load in summer. To prevent load concentration during day time and overloaded condition of power management system, some energy storage methods are suggested. One of these methods is ice storage system. Water has some good properties as P.C.M.(Phase Chang Material) : Its melting point is the range of required operation temperature. It has large specific latent heat and is chemically stable compared to other organic or inorganic substances. It is cheap and easy to treat. This study represents experimental results of heat transfer characteristics of P.C.M. under the outward melting process in a vertical cylinder. We experimented with twelve combinations of conditions, i.e., three different inlet temperatures($7^{\circ}C,\;4^{\circ}C\;and\;1^{\circ}C$), two working fluid directions(upward and downward), and two aspect ratios, H/R(4 and 2). At the inlet temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, there was temperature stagnation region where the temperature of P.C.M. remains constant at $4^{\circ}C$ regardless of aspect ratio and direction of working fluid. This temperature stagnation occurs as the water, at its maximum density, flows down to the lower region. The phase change interface formed bell-shaped curve as the melting process continued. With a new set of conditions(4H/R, inlet temperature $4^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$, downward/upwerd inlet direction), the movement of phase change interface was faster when the working flued inlet direction was downward. With the same set of conditions, melting rate and total melting energy were larger when the working fluid inlet direction was downward. The results were reversed when the other sets of conditions were applied.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2002

본 연구는 방전쳄버내에 각종 가스의 압력(58.8-137.3[kPa]) 변화에 따른 순수가스인 Kr, Ar 및 $N_2$가스의 절연 특성을 조사하고, 혼합가스인 Ar/$N_2$및 Kr/$N_2$가스의 절연 특성과 비교하였다. 또한, 실용 백열전구내의 혼합가스에 위한 각종 특성을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, $N_2$가스의 압력변화에 따른 절연 특성은 큰 분자량을 가진 Kr 및 Ar가스에 비하여 증가되었으며, 가스의 압력이 증가됨에 따라 절인파괴전압은 증가되었다. Ar/$N_2$및 Kr/$N_2$가스의 절연파괴전압은 $N_2$가스의 혼합비가 적을수록 감소되었으며, Kr(70%)$N_2$(30%)가스의 코로나개시전압은 Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%)가스에 비해 증가되었다. 일반 백열전구에 Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%)가스인 경우에 비해, Kr(70%)/$N_2$(30%)가스에서 광속과 수명이 대략 94[lm] 및 380[hr]으로 증가되었다. 백열전구내의 냉각온도가 20[$^{\circ}C$]일 때 혼합가스 주입압력은 40[$^{\circ}C$])에 비해 대략 13[%] 증가되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2010

플라스틱 컨테이너의 통기공 비율에 따른 딸기의 예냉효과와 저장 중 품질비교를 위하여 플라스틱 컨테이너($520mm{\times}355mm{\times}182mm$)의 하단부와 양측면부의 면적당 통기공 비율을 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%로 제작하여 컨테이너 당80%의 체적비율로 적재한 후 차압예냉을 실시하고 $5^{\circ}C$에서 현 포장방법에 의거한 저장실험을 수행하였다. 딸기의 예냉 전 품온은 평균 $18^{\circ}C$였으며, 목적 품온 $2^{\circ}C$에 도달하는 시간은 처리구별로 20%는 1시간 9분, 15%는 1시간 13분, 10%는 2시간 2분 5%는 2시간 51분이 소요되었다. 예냉이 완료된 딸기는 PP 용기에 포장하여 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장에 저장하면서 중량감소율, 짓무름, 곰팡이 발생률 및 표면경도를 측정하였다. 중량감소율, 짓무름 발생률 및 부패율은 20% 개공율 처리구가 가장 높았던 반면 15% 개공율 처리구가 가장 낮았으며 5%와 10% 개공율 처리구는 중간적인 수준을 유지하였고, 표면경도에서는 처리구간 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 PVDF 중공사막을 열유도상분리와 연신의 복합공정에 의해 제조하였으며, 연신비에 따른 분리막의 구조 및 물성을 분석하였다. 이 분리막 제조의 메카니즘은 액-액 상분리에 기초하며, 최종 중공사막은 bicontinuous한 구조와 연신에 의해 fibrill 구조를 가지게 되어, 구정(spherulite)구조를 갖는 고-액 상분리막과 bicontinuous한 구조만을 갖는 액-액상분리막과 차별화된다. 우선, TIPS공정을 통해, gamma-butyrolacton, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 등을 단일 혹은 이들을 조합한 혼합 diluent로 사용하여, 냉각조건, PVDF와 희석제의 함량을 조절하면서 중공사막 전구체를 제조하고, 후속공정인 연신에 의해 최종적으로 중공사막의 외부표면을 porous하게, 혹은 dense하게 만들 수 있었다. 연신된 중공사막을 에탄올에 추출, 건조한 후 SEM을 통하여 pore 구조의 변화를 관찰하였으며, 수투과량, 다공도, 기공 크기, 표면 거칠기, 인장강도 등의 변화를 분석하였다.