• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on the change of volatile flavor compounds of raw oyster and its cooking drips using headspace methods. Major volatile flavor compounds of the raw oyster were identified as methylthiomethane and 1,5-hexadiene. When the raw oyster was irradiated at the dose of 5 kGy, 1-pentane was newly detected. On the other hand, 9 compounds including N-methoxyformaldehyde were identified as the major volatile compounds of cooking drips from oyster. Among them, N-methoxyformaldehyde contents in cooking drip was decreased by the gamma irradiation. By the gamma irradiation above 30 kGy, new heterocyclic compounds was found in oyster cooking drips. Therefore, the amount of volatile flavor compounds in the raw oyster and cooking drips were changed by gamma irradiation, and these results could be potentially used in the seasoning industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in the flavor patterns of gamma irradiated raw oyster and oyster cooking drip using an electronic nose, which consisted of a GC equipped with a surface acoustic wave sensor. The raw oyster was irradiated with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kGy, while the oyster cooking drip was irradiated with 10 and 50 kGy. In the case of raw oyster, the intensities of peaks at retention times (RT) of 2.1 sand 6.8 s were increased, but the peak at a RT of 9.0 s was decreased depending on irradiation dose. In the case of oyster cooking drip, the intensities of peaks at RT 2.5 sand RT 4.1 s increased linearly, but at the peak at RT 5.1 s decreased as the irradiation dose increased. The total amount of flavor components measured in raw oyster increased, while that of oyster cooking drip decreased in response to irradiation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the food components of cooking drips from shell oysters steamed under various retort pressures. Among the drips from shell oyster steamed under different retort pressures (1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 kg/$cm^2$) the oyster drip obtained at the 4.5 kg/$cm^2$ of retort pressure had the highest degree of brix, yield, crude protein, glycogen and trichloroacetic acid soluble-N contents, while its salinity was the lowest. In the results of food safety test, the presence of E. coli (18 MPN/100 g>) and viable cell (30 CFU/g>) in the oyster drip was in acceptable level as a food-stuff. However, the sensory evaluation such as color, flavor and taste, total amino acid and free amino acid contents of cooking drip from shell oyster steamed at 4.5 kg/$cm^2$ were inferior to those of oyster wash water. Differences in the major amino acids of total amino acid and free amino acid between oyster cooking drip and oyster wash water were also found. The results suggested that the effective use methods of oyster cooking drip should be investigated.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2015

굴은 영양학적으로 뛰어난 식품이다. 또한 굴은 소스를 만드는 좋은 원료로 사용되어 진다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 굴과 굴 자숙액을 이용하여 좋은 맛과 풍미를 나타내는 아미노산 조성을 가지기 위한 가수분해 조건과 생성된 가수분해물의 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 효소는 상용되고 있는 것으로 Acalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase 와 Protamax가 사용 되었다. 효소활성이 최대가 되는 조건은 각 회사에서 주어진 것을 이용하였다. 각 효소들의 최적 조건하에서 균질화된 굴과 굴 자숙액은 0.5, 1.0,1.5, 2, 4, 6시간 동안 반응 시켰다. 굴의 가수분해도는 13.2±0.1%이었지만, 효소를 사용한 경우에는 2시간까지는 가수분해 시간이 경과함에 따라 급격히 증가하여 29.9-32.7%의 범위를 나타내었고, 8시간 후에는 36.9-40.5% 범위를 나타내었다. 효소 중에서는 Protamax가 2시간 이내에는 27.4±0.4%의 가수분해율을 나타냈었다. 굴 자숙액의 경우 초기의 가수분해율이42.7±0.1%이었고, 가장 높은 가수분해물의 Protamax를 사용한 것으로 가수분해율은 72.1±0.1%이었다. 굴은 모든 효소에서 비슷한 경향을 나타내지만, 굴 자숙액은 효소 별 차이가 있었다. 가장 높은 가수분해율을 보이는 Protamax를 사용한 경우, 아미노산의 조성을 분석해 보면, 6시간 가수분해한 것이 최상의 상태를 나타내고 있었다. 따라서, 효수분해 반응의 적합한 시간과 아미노산의 함량을 비교하여 판단하였을 때, 6시간 가수분해한 것이 최적의 조건으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2020

To develop a seasoned laver from cooking oyster effluent (C-COE), this study optimized the C-COE concentration, roasting temperature and time using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal C-COE concentration, roasting temperature and time for producing seasoned laver from C-COE were 31.0%, 182.2℃ and 21.1 sec, respectively. The proximate composition of the seasoned laver prepared with C-COE under the conditions was 5.2% moisture, 37.4% crude protein, 8.2% crude lipid, 11.1% ash, 38.1% carbohydrate. The water activity of the prototype seasoned laver was 0.038. The prototype had stronger taste and flavor intensities than a commercial product. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the Hunter color value between the prototype and the commercial product. The peroxide (POV) and acid values (AV) of the prototype were 6.0 meq/kg and 1.4 mg KOH/g, respectively, which are considered acceptable. The results suggest that the seasoned laver with C-COE developed can be industrialized.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2010

In order to elucidate a mechanism responsible for the development of the odor characteristics of cooked, desirable-flavored shellfish, oysters were extracted using various solvents and the resulting extracts were evaluated organoleptically after cooking. The 80% aqueous methanol extract was found to produce a desirable cooked flavor. This oyster extract was fractionated using ion-exchange column chromatography and dialysis, and each of the fractions was subjected to cooking, followed by organoleptic evaluation. The outer dialysate fraction such as acidic and amphoteric water-soluble fractions produced a cooked oyster flavor. The volatile flavor compounds identified from cooked oyster included 29 hydrocarbons, 20 alcohols, 16 acids, 12 aldehydes, nine nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, eight ketones, five furans, three esters, three phenols, and one benzene.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

This study examined the microbiological quality of daycare center meals. Six menu items from five daycare centers in Daegu included uncooked processed foods (seasoned cucumber and lettuce salad), post-preparation after cooking processed foods (rolled omelet and seasoned soybean sprout), and cooking processed foods (panbroiled beef with oyster sauce and seasoned pork roast). Microbiological analyses were performed for the aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The analyses were conducted in July and November 2017. The mean APC and coliform count of seasoned cucumber decreased significantly from 4.71 log colony forming units (CFU)/g and 2.50 log CFU/g in July to 4.07 log CFU/g and 1.78 log CFU/g in November, respectively (P<0.01 and P<0.001). The APC of panbroiled beef with oyster sauce and seasoned pork roast were significantly lower in July (1.84 and 1.79 log CFU/g) than in November (2.41 and 2.28 log CFU/g) (P<0.001). The coliform counts of panbroiled beef with oyster sauce and seasoned pork roast were significantly greater in November (2.11 and 1.62 log CFU/g) (P<0.001). E. coli was not detected. Among the foods prepared using the three preparation processes, the post-preparation after cooking processed foods had the lowest microbial quality. The APC and coliform counts of cooking processed foods were satisfactory in July, with an acceptable rating for pan-broiled beef with oyster sauce in November. Time-temperature control and the prevention of cross-contamination are essential during meal production for food safety, regardless of the season.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1975

굴 탈각을 위한 자숙조건을 검토하고, 각 자숙조건별로 유출한 자중에 대하여 질소 화합물의 함량 분포에 관하여 실험하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 굴의 탈각을 위한 자숙조건은 탈각 능율과 육질부의 상태에 비추어 $110^{\circ}C$, 15분간이 적합하였다. 2. 자숙조건에 따라 측정한, 총 질소, 단백태 질소, 비단백태 질소 및 아미노태 질소의 각 함량은 각 은도별로 가열시간의 경과에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 $110^{\circ}C$의 가열조건일 때는 이 경향이 더욱 분명한 결과이었다. 3. $110^{\circ}C$, 15분간의 자숙조건에서의 총 질소 함량은 $225.6mg\%$, 단백태 질소의 함량은 $54.4mg\%$, 아미노태 질소의 함량은 $89.2mg\%$이었다. 이 때의 유리 아미노산적 함량 조성은 arginine이 $26.00mg\%$, histidine이 $12.10mg\%$ 그리고 tyrosine $2.70mg\%$, leucine $2.15mg\%$, lysine $1.90mg\%$ 순이었다. glutamic acid, isoleucine, serine, threonine, glycine 등은 미량이 함유되어 있었다. 끝으로 본 연구중, 질소 화합물외 분석을 도와 준 부산 수산대학 대학원 정 보영 군과 유리 아미노산의 분석을 위하며 도와 준 부관 수산대학 대학원 성 낙주 군에게 감사를 표한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2017

This study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of natural calcium powders (oyster shell and egg shell calcium) as synthetic phosphate replacers in pork products. Ground pork samples were subjected to six treatments, as follows: control (-) (no phosphate added), control (+) (0.3% phosphate blend added), treatment 1 (0.5% oyster shell calcium powder added), treatment 2 (0.3% oyster shell calcium powder and 0.2% egg shell calcium powder added), treatment 3 (0.2% oyster shell calcium powder and 0.3% egg shell calcium powder added), and treatment 4 (0.5% egg shell calcium powder added). The addition of natural calcium powders resulted in an increase in the pH values of meat products, regardless of whether they were used individually or mixed. The highest cooking loss was observed (p<0.05) in the negative control samples, whereas the cooking loss in samples with natural calcium powder added was similar (p>0.05) to that in the positive control samples. CIE $L^*$ values decreased as the amount of added egg shell calcium powder increased. CIE $a^*$ values were higher (p<0.05) in samples containing natural calcium powder (treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4) than in the positive control. The combination of oyster shell calcium powder and egg shell powder (treatment 2 or 3) was effective for the improvement of textural properties of the pork products. The findings show that the combined use of 0.2% oyster shell calcium and 0.3% egg shell calcium should enable the replacement of synthetic phosphate in the production of cooked pork products with desirable qualities.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 2016

굴은 "바다의 우유"라고 불릴 정도로 영양분이 풍부하고, 균형이 잡혀 있다. 또한 타우린, 글리코겐, 셀레늄과 같은 성분이 풍부하다고 알려져 있다. 또한 이러한 영양학적 특징만을 가지고 있는 것이 아니라 식품 산업에서는 천연소스로 사용되어지기도 한다. 최근 다양한 선호도와 특별한 맛 때문에 소비자들의 천연소스에 대한 선호도가 높아졌다. 이 논문은 굴과 굴 가공 부산물인 굴 자숙액을 이용한 천연소스 개발을 위하여 소스 제조에 필요한 마이얄 반응의 최적 조건을 설정하고자하였다. 최적화를 위한 결과값은 갈색도와 열을 가하면 생성되는 향미성분인 pyrazine으로 판단한다. Protamex를 이용하여 굴과 굴 자숙액을 각각 6시간, 2시간 가수분해한 가수분해물과 당은 주로 glucose, xylose, fructose와 반응시켰고, xylose가 갈색화에 가장 적합하였다. 당함량은 1% 이상에서 반응하여도 거의 동일하였으며, 경제적으로 판단한 결과, 최적 농도는 가장 낮은 농도의 1%를 선택되었다. 또한 온도를 달리하여 반응을 시켰을 때, 갈변도는 $60^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 현저히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 전반적으로는 갈변도와 pyrazine 모두가 온도가 상승해감에 따라 증가하였다. $120^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였지만, 이취가 발생하여 식품으로서는 부적합하였다. 따라서 $100^{\circ}C$에서 반응하는 것이 가장 적합하였다. 반응시간을 달리하여 측정한 결과, 6시간 까지는 상승을 하였으나, 6시간 이상에서 pyrazine과 갈색도의 변화가 없었다. 따라서 천연소스를 제조하기 위해 굴과 굴 자숙액 가수분해물을 이용해 $100^{\circ}C$, 6시간 동안 xylose로 마이알 반응을 시키는 것이 가장 적합하다고 판단하였다. 이러한 부산물을 이용하여 소스로 제조함으로서 산업적 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.