• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.581-587
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• 2023

Brown rice has various health benefits; however, it is more difficult to cook and has a harder texture as compared to milled rice. In this study, the effect of the sous-vide cooking method on starch retrogradation and textural properties of brown rice was investigated by comparative analysis with conventionally cooked brown rice based on moisture content assay, evaluation of the textural property analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of the study are as follows: First, the moisture content of sous-vide cooked brown rice was higher than in the conventionally cooked brown rice. Second, the sous-vide cooked brown rice has lower hardness, higher adhesiveness, and lower retrogradation enthalpy during storage than conventionally cooked brown rice. Finally, the retrogradation properties of cooked brown rice during storage were analyzed by DSC. The enthalpy increased more rapidly in the case of conventional cooked brown rice, reaching 1.58 J/g after 3 days of storage. This indicated that sous-vide cooking is effective in preventing retrogradation of rice during storage.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.782-794
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for preparation of cooked brown rice by blending brown rice, white rice and glutinous rice to improve the palatability. Formulations composed of brown rice (10~100%), white rice (0~90%) and glutinous rice (0~90%) were generated from an extreme-vertices of mixture experimental design, which showed ten experimental points for brown rice, with white rice and glutinous rice as the independent variables. The sensory evaluation, color, and texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked brown rice and pasting characteristics of blending cereals flour were measured as response variables. Regression analysis showed that all responsible variables fit linear, quadratic or special cubic models (p<0.1), except for the cohesiveness of TPA. The goals of optimization of the blending ratio of brown rice, white rice and glutinous rice were given as appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability (lower: 5.50, target: 6.62). The optimal conditions were determined to be 34.55% brown rice, 42.71% white rice and 22.74% glutinous rice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2008

Digestion properties of 3 types of cereals, white rice, brown rice, and barley, were measured after cooking or grinding. Regardless of the processing methods, white rice showed the highest rate and the greatest extent of digestion, whereas barley showed the lowest values. During the early digestion period, cooked white rice kernels had a larger k (kinetic constant) value than uncooked white rice flour, indicating that cooking induced faster digestion than grinding. In the case of brown rice and barley, the cell wall in cooked kernels remained intact and resulted in a lower k values than those of uncooked flour. However, after 3 hr of digestion, the total digestion extent was greater for the cooked brown rice and barley than that for uncooked flours. The high content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in cooked brown rice and barley might be due to the starch fraction which was protected by the cell wall. The resistant starch (RS) content, however, was greater for the uncooked flours than that for cooked kernels. The cooked kernels of 3 cereal samples tested showed higher glycemic index (GI) values than the uncooked flours.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.847-854
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• 2003

보통 막걸리 제조시 증자미를 사용하고 있는데 이 경우 주질과 술맛, 저장성 등이 만족할 만한 수준은 아니다. 본 연구에서는 증자미 대신 영양가, 맛, 기능성 등이 우수한 발아현미를 이용하여 2단담금으로 제조하여 발효상태를 검토하였다. 그 결과 2단담금에 발아현미를 사용했을 경우에는 증자미에 비해서 알코올은 느리게 생성되었고 환원당도 생성속도가 느리고 함량도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또 당도는 느리게 일정한 속도로 증가하였다. pH는 무증자 발아현미의 경우가 증자미의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며 산도는 pH변화와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 효모증식은 무증자 발아현미의 경우가 증자미의 경우보다 다소 낮게 나타났으며 mash의 온도는 발효 3일이후 모두 일정한 온도를 유지하였다. Fusel oil은 무증자 발아현미의 막걸리가 증자미의 막걸리 보다 적게 검출되었으며 아미노산 함량은 풍부한 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에서 무증자 발아현미로 제조한 막걸리의 맛이 증자미로 제조한 것보다 약 1.3배정도, 신선한 청량감은 약 1.5배 정도 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 향기, 색깔 등은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전체적인 기호도는 무증자로 제조한 막걸리가 증자미의 경우보다 약 1.3배 더 높은 것으로 나타나 무증자 발아현미로 제조한 막걸리의 품질 제고(提高)가 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to determined the metabolizable energy of cereal by the different method. Raw or cooked cereal foods were freeze-dried and fed to Sprague Dawley rat with 200-300g body weight to measure apparent metabolizable energy(AME) values and nitrogen-corrected AME(AMEn) values for four days after three days of preliminary period for adaptation to the diets. The AME values of Karaeddok, raw rice, cooked rice, raw brown rice, raw glutinous rice, cooked glutinous rice, raw barley and cooked barley applerared 4516.1, 3380.6, 4072.2, 3457.0, 4448.0, 2929.4 and 3780.2kcal/kg dry matter, respectively. The AMEn values of karaeddok, raw rice, cooked rice, raw brown rice, cooked brown rice, raw glutinous rice, cooked glutinous rice, raw barley and cooked barley appeared 4421.5, 3349.6, 4160.0, 3918.7, 4039.3, 3572.0, 4552.5, 3009.9 and 3873.4kcal/kg dry matter, respectively. A slight difference was observed when the AME values of the cereals measured in present study were compared with the energy values calculated by various conversion parameters such as Atwater's, Rubner's, Sochun's adn FAO's, indicating that the latter energy values by all conversion factors are acceptabel for several cereals.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the optimal cooking conditions for brown rice using an electric pressure rice cooker. The effects of steeping conditions and cooking pressure on the hydration, gelatinization, texture and palatable properties of cooked brown rice were evaluated. Based on water uptake and DSC data, the optimal steeping time and temperature for brown rice were determined to be 25 minutes and ${\sim}60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The cooking conditions for brown rice were then divided into the following 6 categories: steeping at $25^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes and cooking at an atmospheric pressure of 1.7 (25P) or 1.9 (25HP), steeping at $57^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes and cooking at an atmospheric pressure of 1.7 (57P) or 1.9 (57HP), steeping at $85^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and cooking at an atmospheric pressure of 1.7 (85P) or 1.9 (85HP). The susceptibility of cooked brown rice starch to degradation into maltose by ${\alpha}$-amylase, which is related to the degree of gelatinization and in vitro digestibility, were then determined. The amount of maltose produced by cooked brown rice samples was highest in the 57HP group, followed by the 57P and 85HP groups. Storing cooked brown rice at $73^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours resulted in significantly higher amounts of starch being degraded into maltose in the 57P, 57HP and 85HP groups than in the other groups. Textural analysis demonstrated that the 57P, 57HP and 85HP groups had significantly lower gumminess and chewiness values when compared to the other groups, and that 57HP received had the lowest hardness of all treatments. These results were confirmed by the results of the sensory evaluations. Furthermore, the 57P and 57HP groups were found to have a higher glossiness, stickiness aroma and taste score than the other groups. These findings were taken to indicate that steeping conditions and pressure exerted a positive synergistic effect on the cooking quality of brown rice. The texture analyzer also revealed that storing the cooked rice at $73^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours only led to significantly lower scores in gumminess, hardness and chewiness in the 57P and 57HP groups, which indicates that these groups underwent a lesser degree of retrogradation than other groups. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that steeping brown rice at $57^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes and a higher cooking pressure improved the palatability and in vitro digestibility of brown rice significantly.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2002

단백질 함유량은 유색미가루가 밀가루보다 적지만 현미가루보다는 함유량이 많았고, 지방함량과 회분함량에서는 현미와 비슷하였다. 현미가루는 유색미가루보다 peak viscosity, holding viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity에서 높았을 뿐만 아니라 setback viscosity에서도 높았지만 유색미가루는 호화점도에서 현미가루 뿐만 아니라 밀가루보다도 월등히 낮았다. 현미가루와 흑미가루는 5.3~6.4%의 총 식이섬유를 함유하였으나 수용성 식이섬유의 함량은 낮은 반면 주로 불용성 식이섬유를 함유하였다. 건조면과 조리면의 cutting force는 현미가루와 유색미가루의 혼합비율을 높이면 감소하였고 조리면의 경우에는 찰흑미가루 10%와 화성현미가루 20%를 첨가했을 때 밀가루 100%로 만든 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었다. 국수의 기능성을 높이고 기호도를 향상시키기 위하여 현미가루와 유색미가루를 10~30%를 첨가하여 관능검사를 실험한 결과 현미가루 20%와 찰흑미가루 20%를 첨가한 국수가 가장 높은 관능적 평가를 받았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the cooking properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi to promote consumption of rice. Methods: The properties of Bodeurami and Ilmi such as proximate composition, Hunter's color value, water absorption rate, and cooking properties as well as Hunter's color value, texture properties, and sensory evaluation of cooked rice were analyzed. Results: Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents of Bodeurami and Ilmi were higher in brown rice than in white rice. Regardless of rice cultivars, L-value was lower, whereas a and b-values were higher in brown rice than in white rice. The water absorption rate of rice grains was higher in white rice than in brown rice and increased rapidly to 75 min for white rice and 4 hr for brown rice. Cooking properties, water absorption, and expansibility of white rice were higher than those of brown rice, and there were significant differences between Bodeurami and Ilmi. Immediately after cooking and after storage at warm ($70^{\circ}C$) and room temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$), hardness of cooked rice increased after storage, but was not significantly different between Bodeurami white rice and Ilmi brown rice. The sensory evaluation shows that Bodeurami brown rice scored the highest for taste, texture and overall preference. Conclusion: Thus, the results of this study shows that Bodeurami brown rice is characterized by high cooking quality without any mixed white rice, and Bodeurami white rice could be used for the rice processing industry as well as cooked rice.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.537-552
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cooked rice with cereals frequently consumed in Korea by blending ratio. Seven kinds of cereals, white rice, glutinous barley, brown rice, black rice, glutinous rice, glutinous foxtail millet and proso millet, were chosen for the study. According to the results from rapid viscosity analyzer, glutinous barley had the lowest pasting temperature($66.55^{\circ}C$) and black rice had the highest values in the peak(231.77 RVU), trough(162.25 RVU), final viscosity(295.81 RVU) and set back(64.05 RVU)(p<0.05). Water absorption rate by soaking time for black rice and brown rice was increased only 18.77% and 14.57%, respectively, even after 120 minutes, whereas those of other cereals were increased up to 20.28~39.32% after 50 minutes. The pasting characteristics of white rice blended with cereals tended to be lower than white rice in the peak, trough, and final viscosity. Textural property of cooked white rice blended with black rice, brown rice, and glutinous foxtail millet showed a significantly higher value for hardness than that of cooked white rice only(p<0.05). The most preferred blending ratio of the respective cereals was 25% for glutinous barley, 10% for black rice, brown rice and proso millet, and 5% for glutinous foxtail millet and glutinous rice in the sensory evaluation for overall quality, but there were no significant differences except glutinous barley, brown rice and glutinous foxtail millet.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

현미저장 중 저장온도에 따른 쌀과 밥의 품질변화를 구명하고자 추청벼 등 14품종의 현미를 $15^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에 10주간 저장 후 현미 및 백미, 밥의 품질관련 특성을 조사하였다. 1. $15^{\circ}C$저장이 $35^{\circ}C$에 비하여 현미의 Tz값이 높아 배아 활성 정도가 높았으며 도정 후 백미 완전미율이 높아 $15^{\circ}C$ 저장 쌀의 품질이 양호하였다. 2. $35^{\circ}C$에 비하여 $15^{\circ}C$에 저장한 현미에서 쌀밥의 윤기치는 높았으나, 밥 색도 b 값, 밥 경도, 호화점도(최종점도, 강하점도)가 낮아 밥의 품질이 우수하였다. 3. 밥 색도 b값은 조생종이 중.만생종에 비하여 높았고, 밥 경도는 조생종이 낮았으며, 저장 현미의 도정 후 백미 완전미율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 78%, $35^{\circ}C$에서 70%이었으며 $35^{\circ}C$에서 화성벼, 추청벼, 남평벼는 82%이상을 나타냈다. 4. $15^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 밥 색도 b값은 pH와 $-0.693^{**}$, 윤기치와 $-0.823^{**}$, L값과 $-0.772^{**}$, 지방산도와 $-0.548^*$, 백미 완전미율과 $-0.576*$, L값과 $-0.772^{**}$, a값과 $0.557*$ 의 유의성을 나타냈으며, 백미 완전미율은 밥색도 L값과 $0.638*$, 밥색도 b값과 $-0.576*$의 유의성을 나타냈다.