• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

The study has been carried out with an objective to prepare Siberian roe deer habitat potential maps in South Korea based on three geographic information system-based models including frequency ratio (FR) as a bivariate statistical approach as well as convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) as machine learning algorithms. According to field observations, 741 locations were reported as roe deer's habitat preferences. The dataset were divided with a proportion of 70:30 for constructing models and validation purposes. Through FR model, a total of 10 influential factors were opted for the modelling process, namely altitude, valley depth, slope height, topographic position index (TPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized difference water index, drainage density, road density, radar intensity, and morphological feature. The results of variable importance analysis determined that TPI, TWI, altitude and valley depth have higher impact on predicting. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the prediction accuracies of three models. The results showed that all the models almost have similar performances, but LSTM model had relatively higher prediction ability in comparison to FR and CNN models with the accuracy of 76% and 73% during the training and validation process. The obtained map of LSTM model was categorized into five classes of potentiality including very low, low, moderate, high and very high with proportions of 19.70%, 19.81%, 19.31%, 19.86%, and 21.31%, respectively. The resultant potential maps may be valuable to monitor and preserve the Siberian roe deer habitats.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2022

Machine learning (ML) data-driven meta-model is proposed as a surrogate model to reduce the excessive computational cost of the physics-based model and facilitate the real-time prediction of a nuclear power plant's transient response. To forecast the transient response three machine learning (ML) meta-models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs); specifically, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a sequence combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and LSTM are developed. The chosen accident scenario is a control element assembly withdrawal at power concurrent with the Loss Of Offsite Power (LOOP). The transient response was obtained using the best estimate thermal hydraulics code, MARS-KS, and cross-validated against the Design and control document (DCD). DAKOTA software is loosely coupled with MARS-KS code via a python interface to perform the Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty Quantification (BEPU) analysis and generate a time series database of the system response to train, test and validate the ML meta-models. Key uncertain parameters identified as required by the CASU methodology were propagated using the non-parametric Monte-Carlo (MC) random propagation and Latin Hypercube Sampling technique until a statistically significant database (181 samples) as required by Wilk's fifth order is achieved with 95% probability and 95% confidence level. The three ML RNN models were built and optimized with the help of the Talos tool and demonstrated excellent performance in forecasting the most probable NPP transient response. This research was guided by the Systems Engineering (SE) approach for the systematic and efficient planning and execution of the research.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.159-176
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• 2023

The conservation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in South Korea requires the protection and preservation of natural habitats while additionally ensuring coexistence with human activities. Applying habitat map modeling techniques provides information regarding the distributional patterns of raccoon dogs and assists in the development of future conservation strategies. The purpose of this study is to generate potential habitat distribution maps for the raccoon dog in South Korea using geospatial technology-based models. These models include the frequency ratio (FR) as a bivariate statistical approach, the group method of data handling (GMDH) as a machine learning algorithm, and convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) as deep learning algorithms. Moreover, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is used to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the machine learning and deep learning models. Moreover, there are 14 habitat characteristics used for developing the models: elevation, slope, valley depth, topographic wetness index, terrain roughness index, slope height, surface area, slope length and steepness factor (LS factor), normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, distance to drainage, distance to roads, drainage density, and morphometric features. The accuracy of prediction is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The results indicate comparable performances of all models. However, the CNN demonstrates superior capacity for prediction, achieving accuracies of 76.3% and 75.7% for the training and validation processes, respectively. The maps of potential habitat distribution are generated for five different levels of potentiality: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

딥러닝은 주가 및 농산물 가격 예측과 같이 데이터를 분석해 일련의 규칙을 발견하고 미래를 예상해 우리의 삶에서 다양한 도움을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 태양광 에너지 사용의 중요성이 늘어나는 상황에서 기상에 따른 태양광 발전 실적을 딥러닝을 통해 분석하고 발전량을 예측한다. 본 연구에서는 시계열 데이터 예측에서 두각을 나타내고 있는 LSTM(Long Short Term Memory network)을 사용한 모델을 제안하며 이미지를 비롯한 다양한 차원의 데이터를 분석할 때 사용되는 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)과 두 모델을 결합한 CNN-LSTM과의 성능을 비교한다. 세 가지 모델의 성능은 태양광 발전 실적의 실제값과 딥러닝을 통해 예측한 값으로 MSE, RMSE, 결정계수를 계산하여 비교하였고 그 결과 LSTM 모델의 성능이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 LSTM을 사용한 태양광 발전량 예측을 제안한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2444-2463
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• 2020

Significant detection of video can more rationally allocate computing resources and reduce the amount of computation to improve accuracy. Deep learning can extract the edge features of the image, providing technical support for video saliency. This paper proposes a new detection method. We combine the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Deep Bidirectional LSTM Network (DB-LSTM) to learn the spatio-temporal features by exploring the object motion information and object motion information to generate video. A continuous frame of significant images. We also analyzed the sample database and found that human attention and significant conversion are time-dependent, so we also considered the significance detection of video cross-frame. Finally, experiments show that our method is superior to other advanced methods.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2021년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.927-929
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• 2021

최근 펫팸족(Pet-Family)과 같이 반려동물을 가족처럼 생각하는 가구가 증가하면서 반려동물 시장이 크게 성장하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 반려동물의 객체 식별을 통한 객체 분할과 신체 좌표추정에 기반을 둔 반려동물의 행동 분류 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 CCTV를 통해 반려동물 영상 데이터를 수집한다. 수집된 영상 데이터는 반려동물의 인스턴스 분할을 위해 Mask R-CNN(Region Convolutional Neural Networks) 모델을 적용하고, DeepLabCut 모델을 통해 추정된 신체 좌푯값을 도출한다. 이 결과로 도출된 영상 데이터와 추정된 신체 좌표 값은 CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks)-LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory) 모델을 적용하여 행동을 분류한다. 본 모델을 바탕으로 행동을 분석 및 분류하여, 반려동물의 위험 상황과 돌발 행동에 대한 올바른 대처를 제공할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것이라 기대한다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.359-388
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• 2024

With the escalation of global trade, the Chinese commodity futures market has ascended to a pivotal role within the international shipping landscape. The Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI), a leading indicator of the shipping industry's health, is particularly sensitive to the vicissitudes of the Chinese commodity futures sector. Nevertheless, a significant research gap exists regarding the application of Chinese commodity futures prices as predictive tools for the SCFI. To address this gap, the present study employs a comprehensive dataset spanning daily observations from March 24, 2017, to May 27, 2022, encompassing a total of 29,308 data points. We have crafted an innovative deep learning model that synergistically combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. The outcomes show that the CNN-LSTM model does a great job of finding the nonlinear dynamics in the SCFI dataset and accurately capturing its long-term temporal dependencies. The model can handle changes in random sample selection, data frequency, and structural shifts within the dataset. It achieved an impressive R² of 96.6% and did better than the LSTM and CNN models that were used alone. This research underscores the predictive prowess of the Chinese futures market in influencing the Shipping Cost Index, deepening our understanding of the intricate relationship between the shipping industry and the financial sphere. Furthermore, it broadens the scope of machine learning applications in maritime transportation management, paving the way for SCFI forecasting research. The study's findings offer potent decision-support tools and risk management solutions for logistics enterprises, shipping corporations, and governmental entities.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2019

운용 가능한 위성의 수가 증가하고 기술이 진보함에 따라 영상정보의 성과물이 다양해지고 많은 양의 자료가 축적되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기구축된 영상정보를 활용하여 부족한 훈련자료의 문제를 극복하고 딥러닝(deep learning) 기법의 장점을 활용하고자 전이학습과 변화탐지 네트워크를 활용한 고해상도 위성영상의 변화탐지를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 활용한 딥러닝 네트워크는 공간 및 분광 정보를 추출하는 합성곱 레이어(convolutional layer)와 시계열 정보를 분석하는 합성곱 장단기 메모리 레이어(convolutional long short term memory layer)로 구성되었으며, 고해상도 다중분광 영상에 최적화된 정보를 추출하기 위하여 커널(kernel)의 차원에 따른 정확도를 비교하였다. 또한, 학습된 커널 정보를 활용하기 위하여 변화탐지 네트워크의 초기 합성곱 레이어를 고해상도 항공영상인 ISPRS (International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) 데이터셋에서 추출된 40,000개의 패치로 학습된 값으로 초기화하였다. 다시기 KOMPSAT-3A (KOrean Multi-Purpose SATllite-3A) 영상에 대한 실험 결과, 전이학습과 딥러닝 네트워크를 활용할 경우 기복 변위 및 그림자 등으로 인한 변화에 덜 민감하게 반응하며 분류 항목이 달라진 지역의 변화를 보다 효과적으로 추출할 수 있었으며, 2차원 커널보다 3차원 커널을 사용할 때 변화탐지의 정확도가 높았다. 3차원 커널은 공간 및 분광정보를 모두 고려하여 특징 맵(feature map)을 추출하기 때문에 고해상도 영상의 분류뿐만 아니라 변화탐지에도 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상의 변화탐지를 위한 전이학습과 딥러닝 기법의 활용 가능성을 제시하였으며, 추후 훈련된 변화탐지 네트워크를 새롭게 취득된 영상에 적용하는 연구를 수행하여 제안기법의 활용범위를 확장할 예정이다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1259-1268
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• 2023

본 연구는 딥러닝의 합성곱과 순환신경망 네트워크를 기반으로 시각센서를 이용해 속도(Throttle)와 조향(Steering) 제어 기술을 제안한다. 학습 트랙을 시계, 반시계 방향으로 주행하며 카메라 영상 이미지와 조종 값 데이터를 수집하고 효율적인 학습을 위해 데이터 샘플링, 전처리 과정을 거쳐 Throttle과 Steering을 예측하는 모델을 생성한다. 이후 학습에 사용되지 않은 다른 환경의 테스트 트랙을 통해 검증을 진행하여 최적의 모델을 찾고 이를 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)과 비교하였다. 그 결과 제안하는 딥러닝 모델의 성능이 뛰어남을 확인했다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2023

Accurate prediction of wind speed and power is vital for enhancing the efficiency of wind energy systems. Numerous solutions have been implemented to date, demonstrating their potential to improve forecasting. Among these, deep learning is perceived as a revolutionary approach in the field. However, despite their effectiveness, the noise present in the collected data remains a significant challenge. This noise has the potential to diminish the performance of these algorithms, leading to inaccurate predictions. In response to this, this study explores a novel feature engineering approach. This approach involves altering the data input shape in both Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) and Autoregressive models for various forecasting horizons. The results reveal substantial enhancements in model resilience against noise resulting from step increases in data. The approach could achieve an impressive 83% accuracy in predicting unseen data up to the 24th steps. Furthermore, this method consistently provides high accuracy for short, mid, and long-term forecasts, outperforming the performance of individual models. These findings pave the way for further research on noise reduction strategies at different forecasting horizons through shape-wise feature engineering.