• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.169-174
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• 2003

Design of a rational earth volume conversion coefficient is required as the earth volume conversion coefficient may give great influence on construction work volume and construction costs in the civil engineering works where large-scaled earth volume is excavated. However, there are a great deal of difficulties in the calculation of the exact spoil surface earth and Insufficient earth volume by adopting the figures presented on the generally used design specifications which are not the results obtained from the selection tests in calculating the earth volume conversion coefficient. In this connection, it would be desirable to calculate the earth volume conversion coefficient by carrying out large-scaled site test adequate for the relevant environment. In consequence, this study aims at calculating the exact earth volume conversion coefficient of cutting and banking areas of weathering rocks in large-scaled construction sites where land is being developed into home lots. For this, we have excavated the respective 20 sites of the cutting and banking areas in the said site and then calculated the volume after the excavation. As a result, the relative exactness degree of the crossing was calculated at 0.5% in average. The relative exactness degree of 0.5% in the volume may be judged as an exact measurement as it corresponds to 0.17% of the relative exactness degree in the length measurement. We have calculated the exact earth volume conversion coefficient by the use of function ratio as per the wet unit weight and the indoor soil quality test as per volume calculated. And then we have found out minor differences as a result of the comparison and analysis with the earth volume conversion coefficient determined by the dry unit weight test as per sand replacement method. This may be judged as a rational design method for the calculation of earth volume conversion coefficient, as well as high reliability of site test as a precision photogrammetry is adopted for volume measurement of the irregular excavating areas.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of space utilization and the problems that follows after converting in a new developmental residential area. This study used the content-analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 95 different conversion cases. Above all, 190 unit plans (the unit plans for conversion before and after) were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows; 1) There were 8 types of conversion according to such usages as residential, commercial and residential-commercial buildings. 2) In the case of conversions, from residential to commercial, there was a tendency each floor was integrated to exclusive use for commercial or commercial with small portions of residential usage. And in the case of conversions from commercial to residential, there was a tendency that all space of each floor were changed to exclusive usages for residential purposes. 3) In case of usage conversion from commercial to residential, there were constraints for balcony installation, because of its original lot-structure and building equipments. Also, when the basement was converted for residential purpose, there was no possibility for an extra lighting or ways to ventilate the area.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.388-393
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• 2014

Energy consumption unit in a building is classified according to uses of electricity, gas, and oil, and it has been studied steadily as a material for establishing policy standards for energy saving in buildings. Meanwhile, consumption unit in apartment house can be calculated differently according to its survey method and area standard. Therefore, with the necessity of reestablishing energy consumption unit, this study has researched thermal energy consumption, Supply dwelling area Exclusive dwelling area, completion year and housing type of 23,791 households of 31 complex in Daejeon. As a result, (1) there was about 20% difference between supply and exclusive dwelling areas. (2) On the basis of exclusive dwelling area, thermal energy consumption unit was calculated as $104.9kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2010, $104.6kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2011, and $107.7kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2012.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.43-58
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• 2019

After the study of Fujishima Gaijiro(1930), although it is common to see that the Tang-ruler(唐尺) was used in the construction of the Silla Sacheonwangsa temple(679), the basis of the discrimination of the construction measure and the detection of the unit length is not actually sufficient since conventional research was done before the excavation. The study was based on archaeological results, which was secured through the excavation research(2006~2012) of the temple site in recent years, to determine the construction measure and try to detect the unit length. In the analysis of the measured value of the ruins, the numerical data were obtained through measurements on drawings of the ruins, the tendency of conversion measure's number appearing by dividing each unit length of the Goguryeo-ruler(高句麗尺) and Tang-ruler within a certain range was compared from the Wansu-je(完數制) viewpoint. The research results are summarized as follows : 1)As a result of the analysis of the distance between the site's center, the case that conversion Cheok's(尺) number is converged to the unit of Jang(丈) within the range of unit length expresses three times more in Tang-ruler, and it is confirmed that a simple multiple relationship based on the unit of Jang is established between conversion Cheok's number. 2)As a result of analysis of Bokan(梁間) of the each Corridor site and the measured value of the stonework ruins, it could be confirmed that appears overwhelmingly in the Tang-ruler when conversion Cheok's number becomes an integer within the range of unit length. The results of the analysis are judged to be a clear basis for viewing the Tang-ruler as the construction measure of the Sacheonwangsa temple. 3)The estimated unit lengths of the construction measure that were obtained from the analysis of the distance between the site'scenter, the foundation stone center distance of the building site and the measured value of the stonework ruins are slightly different. There is a limit to the verification of the construction error about this, however it is difficult to specify, it is mentioned 294.37mm which is obtained from the analysis of the distance between the site's center.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1993

The conversion of glutamate by glutamine synthetase Is the endergonic reaction that demands ATP as its energy source. In order to supply efficiently ATP that is demanded in the conversion of glutamate to glutamine, the ATP- generating system by acetate kinase partially purified from Escherichia coli K-12 was coupled with glutamine synthetase partially purified 5. coli K-12 Pgln6. The optinum conditions of the coupled reaction were investigated. As the result, the highest conversion of glutamate to glutamine was shown In the reaction mixture containing 100mM glutamate, 100mM NHtCl, 50M acetyl phosphate, 5mM ADP, 40M MgCl2, 300mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 5mM MnCl2, Under this condition, the most effective concentrations of enzyme were 70unit/ml glutamine synthetase and 99unit/ml acetate kinase. Under the optinum conditions, 98% of 100mM glutamate was converted to glutamine within 6 hours.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.11
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• pp.1640-1646
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• 2013

Conventional power conversion unit that is a major part of the propulsion system has applied GTO thyristor as a switching semiconductor device of main circuit since introduction of the 8200 electric locomotive. But problem that quick maintenance is difficult and its cost is increasing occurs because major components of the power conversion unit are slowly discontinued. To solve these, in this paper, it was analyzed the response characteristic of the propulsion system modeling of the 8200 electric locomotive using IGBT which is applied recently to ensure propulsion control technology. As results of response for a Propulsion system modeling, it show that a power conversion unit is controlled by PLL(Phase-locked loop) and SVPWM(Space Voltage PWM) respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.130-137
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• 2012

Automotive engines need strategies to satisfy with the emission regulations in terms of PM and NOx. HC-LNT (Hydrocarbon-Lean NOx Trap) with secondary injection system is considered as more practical technology in order to cope with emission regulations. The HC-LNT system, which is using diesel fuel itself as a reducing agent, absorbs NOx in lean exhaust gas condition and releases NOx in rich exhaust gas conditions. In this system, inappropriate amounts of reducing agent will slip through the LNT without the profits of conversion and cause additional emission problems. Therefore, the suitable amount of reducing agent should be supplied into the catalytic converter. In this research, engine emission test was conducted to optimize injection quantity at the various engine test conditions. Different exhaust layouts and catalyst shapes have been studied and extension unit which makes better uniformity of exhaust gas was used for HC-LNT system. From this results, the effect of secondary injection conditions on NOx conversion characteristics of HC-LNT was clarified.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

A direct hydrogen liquefaction equipment has been developed and tested, which consists of a GM refrigerator, a liquefaction vessel, a radiation shield, a cryostat, and an ortho-para converter with catalyst. The effect of ortho-para hydrogen conversion on the performance of hydrogen liquefaction has been investigated. The time needed for the hydrogen liquefaction process with hydrogen pressure charge of 4 atm was delayed to around 75 minutes, and the liquefied mass flow rate of the hydrogen was about 0.0150∼ 0.0205 g/s when the hydrogen was liquefied with the direct hydrogen liquefaction system considering ortho-para conversion. With ortho-para conversion, the liquefied mass flow rate decreased up to 20%. Considering ortho-para conversion, there were up to 30% increase in the work input per unit liquefied mass flow rate. When the ortho-para conversion was considered, FOM decreased to be about 0.031∼0.045.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

This paper describes the characteristics of a one dimensional narrow-wall slotted waveguide array with a single-layer linear-to-circular polarization converter consisting of a dipole array. An external boundary value Problem of one slot and three dipoles, which approximates the mutual coupling between the dipole array and an edge slot extending over three faces of a rectangular waveguide, is formulated and analyzed by the method of moments; design of polarization conversion is conducted for this model as a unit element. If every unit element has perfect circular polarization, grating lobes appear in the array pattern due to the alternating slot angle: these are suppressed in this paper by changing the dipole angle and degrading the axial ratio of the unit element. The validity of the design is confirmed by the measurements. The dipole array has negligible effects upon slot impedance; the polarization conversion for existing narrow-wall slotted arrays is realized by add-on dipole array.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2002

Recently, new light curing unit utilizing the plasma xenon arc lamp is introduced. This curing unit is operated at relatively high intensity, so shortening the curing time significantly. The aim of this experiment was to estimate curing capability of plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit compared to traditional halogen lamp curing unit. Degree of conversion was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy after irradiation of specimens with halogen lamp curing unit(Optilux 150, Demetron, USA) for 20s, 40s, 60s and plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit(flipo, Lokki, France) for 2s, 3s, 6s. The results showed that strong light intensity of plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit did not compensate for short exposure time completely. So, Multi-layered curing within 2mm thickness and additional exposure time is recommanded when light-cured composite resin is polymerized with plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit.